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Manathunga KK, Gunasekara NW, Meegahakumbura MK, Ratnaweera PB, Faraj TK, Wanasinghe DN. Exploring Endophytic Fungi as Natural Antagonists against Fungal Pathogens of Food Crops. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:606. [PMID: 39330366 PMCID: PMC11433156 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The yield and quality of cultivated food crops are frequently compromised by the prevalent threat from fungal pathogens that can cause widespread damage in both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. This paper investigates the challenges posed by fungal pathogens to the sustainability and yield of essential food crops, leading to significant economic and food security repercussions. The paper critiques the long-standing reliance on synthetic fungicides, emphasizing the environmental and health concerns arising from their widespread and occasionally inappropriate use. In response, the paper explores the potential of biological control agents, specifically endophytic fungi in advancing sustainable agricultural practices. Through their diverse symbiotic relationships with host plants, these fungi exhibit strong antagonistic capabilities against phytopathogenic fungi by producing various bioactive compounds and promoting plant growth. The review elaborates on the direct and indirect mechanisms of endophytic antagonism, such as antibiosis, mycoparasitism, induction of host resistance, and competition for resources, which collectively contribute to inhibiting pathogenic fungal growth. This paper consolidates the crucial role of endophytic fungi, i.e., Acremonium, Alternaria, Arthrinium, Aspergillus, Botryosphaeria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Cevidencealdinia, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Muscodor, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phomopsis, Pichia, Pochonia, Pythium, Ramichloridium, Rosellinia, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, Wickerhamomyces, and Xylaria, in biological control, supported by the evidence drawn from more than 200 research publications. The paper pays particular attention to Muscodor, Penicillium, and Trichoderma as prominent antagonists. It also emphasizes the need for future genetic-level research to enhance the application of endophytes in biocontrol strategies aiming to highlight the importance of endophytic fungi in facilitating the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudu K. Manathunga
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka; (K.K.M.); (P.B.R.)
| | - Niranjan W. Gunasekara
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Muditha K. Meegahakumbura
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Pamoda B. Ratnaweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka; (K.K.M.); (P.B.R.)
| | - Turki Kh. Faraj
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
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Xue Y, Li W, Li M, Ru N, Chen S, Jiu M, Feng H, Wei L, Daly P, Zhou D. Biological Control of a Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Infection of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) by the Oomycete Biocontrol Agent Pythium oligandrum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:265. [PMID: 38667936 PMCID: PMC11051105 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum, which is a member of the phylum Oomycota, can control diseases caused by a taxonomically wide range of plant pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes. However, whether P. oligandrum could control diseases caused by plant root-knot nematodes (RKNs) was unknown. We investigated a recently isolated P. oligandrum strain GAQ1, and the P. oligandrum strain CBS530.74, for the control of an RKN Meloidogyne incognita infection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Initially, P. oligandrum culture filtrates were found to be lethal to M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2s) with up to 84% mortality 24 h after treatment compared to 14% in the control group. Consistent with the lethality to M. incognita J2s, tomato roots treated with P. oligandrum culture filtrates reduced their attraction of nematodes, and the number of nematodes penetrating the roots was reduced by up to 78%. In a greenhouse pot trial, the P. oligandrum GAQ1 inoculation of tomato plants significantly reduced the gall number by 58% in plants infected with M. incognita. Notably, the P. oligandrum GAQ1 mycelial treatment significantly increased tomato plant height (by 36%), weight (by 27%), and root weight (by 48%). A transcriptome analysis of tomato seedling roots inoculated with the P. oligandrum GAQ1 strain identified ~2500 differentially expressed genes. The enriched GO terms and annotations in the up-regulated genes suggested a modulation of the plant hormone-signaling and defense-related pathways in response to P. oligandrum. In conclusion, our results support that P. oligandrum GAQ1 can serve as a potential biocontrol agent for M. incognita control in tomato. Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to the biocontrol effect, including the direct inhibition of M. incognita, the potential priming of tomato plant defenses, and plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Xue
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Weishan Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 471023, China
| | - Ningchen Ru
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Siqiao Chen
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Jiu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lihui Wei
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Paul Daly
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
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Hashemi M, Amiel A, Zouaoui M, Adam K, Clemente HS, Aguilar M, Pendaries R, Couzigou JM, Marti G, Gaulin E, Roy S, Rey T, Dumas B. The mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum induces legume pathogen resistance and shapes rhizosphere microbiota without impacting mutualistic interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156733. [PMID: 37929182 PMCID: PMC10625430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Pythium oligandrum is a soil-borne oomycete associated with rhizosphere and root tissues. Its ability to enhance plant growth, stimulate plant immunity and parasitize fungal and oomycete preys has led to the development of agricultural biocontrol products. Meanwhile, the effect of P. oligandrum on mutualistic interactions and more generally on root microbial communities has not been investigated. Here, we developed a biological system comprising P. oligandrum interacting with two legume plants, Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum. P. oligandrum activity was investigated at the transcriptomics level through an RNAseq approach, metabolomics and finally metagenomics to investigate the impact of P. oligandrum on root microbiota. We found that P. oligandrum promotes plant growth in these two species and protects them against infection by the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, a devastating legume root pathogen. In addition, P. oligandrum up-regulated more than 1000 genes in M. truncatula roots including genes involved in plant defense and notably in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds and validated the enhanced production of M. truncatula phytoalexins, medicarpin and formononetin. Despite this activation of plant immunity, we found that root colonization by P. oligandrum did not impaired symbiotic interactions, promoting the formation of large and multilobed symbiotic nodules with Ensifer meliloti and did not negatively affect the formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Finally, metagenomic analyses showed the oomycete modifies the composition of fungal and bacterial communities. Together, our results provide novel insights regarding the involvement of P. oligandrum in the functioning of plant root microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemi
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Aurélien Amiel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- DE SANGOSSE, Pont-Du-Casse, France
| | - Mohamed Zouaoui
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Kévin Adam
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Marielle Aguilar
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Rémi Pendaries
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- DE SANGOSSE, Pont-Du-Casse, France
| | - Jean-Malo Couzigou
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Guillaume Marti
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Gaulin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- AGRONUTRITION, Carbonne, France
| | - Thomas Rey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- DE SANGOSSE, Pont-Du-Casse, France
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III, Toulouse Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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Yacoub A, Haidar R, Mesguida O, Gerbore J, Hachicha M, Attard E, Guyoneaud R, Rey P. Deciphering Plant-Induced Responses toward Botrytis cinerea and Plasmopara viticola Attacks in Two Grapevine Cultivars Colonized by the Root Biocontrol Oomycete, Pythium oligandrum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050511. [PMID: 37233222 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major diseases that affect grapevine leaves and berries are controlled by the oomycete Pythium oligandrum. As the efficacy of biocontrol agents strongly depends on factors such as the trophic behaviors of pathogens and cultivar susceptibility, a two-disease approach was implemented to evaluate the activity of P. oligandrum against Botrytis cinerea (the necrotrophic fungus of gray mold) and Plasmopara viticola (the biotrophic oomycete of downy mildew) on two grapevine cultivars with different susceptibilities to these two pathogens. The results show that grapevine root inoculation with P. oligandrum significantly reduced P. viticola and B. cinerea infection on the leaves of the two cultivars, but with differences. This was observed when the relative expression of 10 genes was measured in response to each pathogen, and could be attributed to their lifestyles, i.e., biotrophic or necrotrophic, which are related to the activation of specific metabolic pathways of the plant. In response to P. viticola infection, genes from the jasmonate and ethylene pathways were mainly induced, whereas for B. cinerea, the genes induced were those of the ethylene-jasmonate pathway. The different levels of defense against B. cinerea and P. viticola could also explain the difference in cultivar susceptibility to these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Yacoub
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- INRAE, UMR1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rana Haidar
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- INRAE, UMR1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Ouiza Mesguida
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- GreenCell, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint Beauzire, France
| | - Jonathan Gerbore
- GreenCell, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint Beauzire, France
| | - Maya Hachicha
- INRAE, UMR1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Eléonore Attard
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Patrice Rey
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- INRAE, UMR1065, Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Pythium oligandrum in plant protection and growth promotion: Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, elicitors and tryptamine as auxin precursor. Microbiol Res 2022; 258:126976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.126976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cobos R, Ibañez A, Diez-Galán A, Calvo-Peña C, Ghoreshizadeh S, Coque JJR. The Grapevine Microbiome to the Rescue: Implications for the Biocontrol of Trunk Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070840. [PMID: 35406820 PMCID: PMC9003034 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the most devastating pathologies that threaten the survival and profitability of vineyards around the world. Progressive banning of chemical pesticides and their withdrawal from the market has increased interest in the development of effective biocontrol agents (BCAs) for GTD treatment. In recent years, considerable progress has been made regarding the characterization of the grapevine microbiome, including the aerial part microbiome (flowers, berries and leaves), the wood microbiome, the root environment and vineyard soil microbiomes. In this work, we review these advances especially in relation to the etiology and the understanding of the composition of microbial populations in plants affected by GTDs. We also discuss how the grapevine microbiome is becoming a source for the isolation and characterization of new, more promising BCAs that, in the near future, could become effective tools for controlling these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Cobos
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (R.C.); (A.I.); (A.D.-G.); (C.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Ana Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (R.C.); (A.I.); (A.D.-G.); (C.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Alba Diez-Galán
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (R.C.); (A.I.); (A.D.-G.); (C.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Carla Calvo-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (R.C.); (A.I.); (A.D.-G.); (C.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Seyedehtannaz Ghoreshizadeh
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (R.C.); (A.I.); (A.D.-G.); (C.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Juan José R. Coque
- Instituto de Investigación de la Viña y el Vino, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain; (R.C.); (A.I.); (A.D.-G.); (C.C.-P.); (S.G.)
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987291811
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Ebert AW. Sprouts and Microgreens-Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040571. [PMID: 35214902 PMCID: PMC8877763 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the growing interest of society in healthy eating, the interest in fresh, ready-to-eat, functional food, such as microscale vegetables (sprouted seeds and microgreens), has been on the rise in recent years globally. This review briefly describes the crops commonly used for microscale vegetable production, highlights Brassica vegetables because of their health-promoting secondary metabolites (polyphenols, glucosinolates), and looks at consumer acceptance of sprouts and microgreens. Apart from the main crops used for microscale vegetable production, landraces, wild food plants, and crops' wild relatives often have high phytonutrient density and exciting flavors and tastes, thus providing the scope to widen the range of crops and species used for this purpose. Moreover, the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals often vary with plant growth and development within the same crop. Sprouted seeds and microgreens are often more nutrient-dense than ungerminated seeds or mature vegetables. This review also describes the environmental and priming factors that may impact the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals of microscale vegetables. These factors include the growth environment, growing substrates, imposed environmental stresses, seed priming and biostimulants, biofortification, and the effect of light in controlled environments. This review also touches on microgreen market trends. Due to their short growth cycle, nutrient-dense sprouts and microgreens can be produced with minimal input; without pesticides, they can even be home-grown and harvested as needed, hence having low environmental impacts and a broad acceptance among health-conscious consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Ebert
- World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan
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Yacoub A, Magnin N, Gerbore J, Haidar R, Bruez E, Compant S, Guyoneaud R, Rey P. The Biocontrol Root-Oomycete, Pythium Oligandrum, Triggers Grapevine Resistance and Shifts in the Transcriptome of the Trunk Pathogenic Fungus, Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186876. [PMID: 32961710 PMCID: PMC7555917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in grapevine trunk diseases, mainly esca, represents a major threat for vineyard sustainability. Biocontrol of a pioneer fungus of esca, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, was investigated here by deciphering the tripartite interaction between this trunk-esca pathogen, grapevine and the biocontrol-oomycete, Pythium oligandrum. When P. oligandrum colonizes grapevine roots, it was observed that the wood necroses caused by P. chlamydospora were significantly reduced. Transcriptomic analyses of plant and fungus responses were performed to determine the molecular events occurring, with the aim to relate P.chlamydospora degradation of wood to gene expression modulation. Following P. oligandrum-root colonization, major transcriptomic changes occurred both, in the grapevine-defense system and in the P. chlamydospore-virulence factors. Grapevine-defense was enhanced in response to P. chlamydospora attacks, with P. oligandrum acting as a plant-systemic resistance inducer, promoting jasmonic/ethylene signaling pathways and grapevine priming. P. chlamydospora pathogenicity genes, such as those related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbohydrate-active enzymes and transcription regulators, were also affected in their expression. Shifts in grapevine responses and key-fungal functions were associated with the reduction of P. chlamydospora wood necroses. This study provides evidence of wood fungal pathogen transcriptional changes induced by a root biocontrol agent, P. oligandrum, in which there is no contact between the two microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Yacoub
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Noel Magnin
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | | | - Rana Haidar
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Emilie Bruez
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l‘Environnement et les Matériaux—UMR 5254, Microbial Ecology, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/E2S UPPA/CNRS, IBEAS Avenue de l’Université, 64013 Pau, France;
| | - Patrice Rey
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Institut des Sciences de la vigne et du Vin (ISVV), 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (A.Y.); (N.M.); (R.H.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Witkowicz R, Biel W, Skrzypek E, Chłopicka J, Gleń-Karolczyk K, Krupa M, Prochownik E, Galanty A. Microorganisms and Biostimulants Impact on the Antioxidant Activity of Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Sprouts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32635447 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9080469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study analyzes the influence of plant growth promoters and biological control agents on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity (AA) in the sprouts of buckwheat. The AA of cv. Kora sprouts was higher than cv. Panda, with 110.0 µM Fe2+/g (FRAP-Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), 52.94 µM TRX (Trolox)/g (DPPH-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), 182.7 µM AAE (Ascorbic Acid Equivalent)/g (Photochemiluminescence-PCL-ACW-Water-Soluble Antioxidant Capacity) and 1.250 µM TRX/g (PCL-ACL-Lipid-Soluble Antioxidant Capacity). The highest AA was found in the sprouts grown from seeds soaked in Ecklonia maxima extract and Pythium oligandrum (121.31 µM Fe2+/g (FRAP), 56.33 µM TRX/g (DPPH), 195.6 µM AAE/g (PCL-ACW) and 1.568 µM TRX/g (PCL-ACL). These values show that the antioxidant potential of buckwheat sprouts is essentially due to the predominant hydrophilic fraction of antioxidants. The AA of the sprouts was strongly correlated with total polyphenol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Witkowicz
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 29 Klemensa Janickiego Street, 71270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edyta Skrzypek
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Chłopicka
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gleń-Karolczyk
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Krupa
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Prochownik
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30688 Krakow, Poland
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Commercial Biocontrol Agents Reveal Contrasting Comportments Against Two Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Cereals: Fusarium Graminearum and Fusarium Verticillioides. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030152. [PMID: 32121314 PMCID: PMC7150872 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of commercialized biological control agents (BCAs) against two major mycotoxigenic fungi in cereals, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides, which are trichothecene and fumonisin producers, respectively. With these objectives in mind, three commercial BCAs were selected with contrasting uses and microorganism types (T. asperellum, S. griseoviridis, P. oligandrum) and a culture medium was identified to develop an optimized dual culture bioassay method. Their comportment was examined in dual culture bioassay in vitro with both fusaria to determine growth and mycotoxin production kinetics. Antagonist activity and variable levels or patterns of mycotoxinogenesis inhibition were observed depending on the microorganism type of BCA or on the culture conditions (e.g., different nutritional sources), suggesting that contrasting biocontrol mechanisms are involved. S. griseoviridis leads to a growth inhibition zone where the pathogen mycelium structure is altered, suggesting the diffusion of antimicrobial compounds. In contrast, T. asperellum and P. oligandrum are able to grow faster than the pathogen. T. asperellum showed the capacity to degrade pathogenic mycelia, involving chitinolytic activities. In dual culture bioassay with F. graminearum, this BCA reduced the growth and mycotoxin concentration by 48% and 72%, respectively, and by 78% and 72% in dual culture bioassay against F. verticillioides. P. oligandrum progressed over the pathogen colony, suggesting a close type of interaction such as mycoparasitism, as confirmed by microscopic observation. In dual culture bioassay with F. graminearum, P. oligandrum reduced the growth and mycotoxin concentration by 79% and 93%, respectively. In the dual culture bioassay with F. verticillioides, P. oligandrum reduced the growth and mycotoxin concentration by 49% and 56%, respectively. In vitro dual culture bioassay with different culture media as well as the nutritional phenotyping of different microorganisms made it possible to explore the path of nutritional competition in order to explain part of the observed inhibition by BCAs.
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Ouadi L, Bruez E, Bastien S, Vallance J, Lecomte P, Domec JC, Rey P. Ecophysiological impacts of Esca, a devastating grapevine trunk disease, on Vitis vinifera L. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222586. [PMID: 31536576 PMCID: PMC6752872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Esca is a Grapevine Trunk Disease (GTD) caused by a broad range of taxonomically unrelated fungal pathogens. These attack grapevine wood tissues inducing necroses even in the conductive vascular tissues, thus affecting the vine physiology and potentially leading to plant death. However, the influence of Esca on leaf and whole-plant water transport disruption remains poorly understood. In this paper, a detailed analysis of xylem-related physiological parameters in grapevines that expressed Esca-foliar symptoms was carried out. The experiments were conducted in a vineyard in the Bordeaux region (France) on cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines, which were monitored for Esca-foliar symptoms over a two-year period. Heat dissipation sap-flow sensors were installed during the summer on grapevines having expressed or not Esca-foliar symptoms. Leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration were also measured. Physiological monitoring showed that sap flow density and whole-plant transpiration of Esca-infected grapevines decreased significantly a week before the first foliar symptoms appeared. When atmospheric water demand (Vapour Pressure Deficit, VPD) was the highest, both parameters tended to be about twice as low in symptomatic grapevines as in asymptomatic ones. Sap flow density data at the maximum transpiration-time, was systematically 29-30% lower in Esca-infected grapevines compared to control plants before or after the appearance of Esca-foliar symptoms. This trend was observed whatever the temperatures and VPD values measured. In Esca-diseased plants, larger amounts of necrotic wood, mainly white rot, were found in the trunk and cordon of symptomatic grapevines compared to healthy ones, suggesting necroses have an influence in reducing the whole-plant hydraulic capacity. This study reveals that the use of physiological monitoring methods, together with the visual monitoring of foliar symptoms, could prove useful in providing accurate measurements of Esca disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Ouadi
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Emilie Bruez
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA UMR1391 Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UR Œnologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sylvie Bastien
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA UMR1391 Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jessica Vallance
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA UMR1391 Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pascal Lecomte
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA UMR1391 Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patrice Rey
- INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Draft Genome Sequence of Biocontrol Agent Pythium oligandrum Strain Po37, an Oomycota. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/2/e00215-16. [PMID: 27081125 PMCID: PMC4832153 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00215-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The oomycotaPythium oligandrumPo37 is used as a biocontrol agent of plant diseases. Here, we present the first draft of theP. oligandrumPo37 genome sequence, which comprises 725 scaffolds with a total length of 35.9 Mb and 11,695 predicted protein-coding genes.
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