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Bai Y, Yang Q, Sun Y, Li F, Sun J, Yang S, Yang D, Peng Z, Yang B, Xu J, Dong Y, Yan S, Li N. Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from aquatic foods in 15 provinces, China, 2020. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110737. [PMID: 38749264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Prevalent in marine, estuarine and coastal environments, Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the major foodborne pathogens which can cause acute gastroenteritis through consumption of contaminated food. This study encompassed antimicrobial resistance, molecular characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of 163 V. parahaemolyticus isolated from aquatic foods across 15 provinces in China. The isolates showed high resistance rates against ampicillin (90.80 %, 148/163) and cefazolin (72.39 %, 118/163). Only 5 isolates demonstrated multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. A total of 37 different antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in correlation with seven antimicrobial categories were identified. tet(34) and tet(35) were present in all 163 isolates. Other most prevalent ARGs were those conferring resistance to β-lactams, with prevalence rate around 18.40 % (30/163). The virulence genes tdh and trh were found in 17 (10.43 %) and 9 (5.52 %) isolates, respectively. Totally 121 sequence types (STs) were identified through whole genome analysis, among which 60 were novel. The most prevalent sequence type was ST3 (9.20 %, 15/163), which shared the same genotype profile of trh_, tdh+ and blaCARB-22+. Most of the tdh+V. parahaemolyticus isolates was clustered into a distinctive clade by the phylogenetic analysis. Our study showed that the antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic foods in China was moderate. However, the emerging of MDR isolates implicate strengthened monitoring is needed for the better treatment of human V. parahaemolyticus infections. High genetic diversity and virulence potential of the isolates analyzed in this study help better understanding and evaluating the risk of V. parahaemolyticus posed to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China; School of Public Health, Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuran Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Dajin Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Zixin Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Shaofei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Ning Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
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Nandi I, Aroeti B. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Enteric Bacterial Pathogens: A Complex Interplay. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11905. [PMID: 37569283 PMCID: PMC10419152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse extracellular and intracellular cues activate mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Canonically, the activation starts at cell surface receptors and continues via intracellular MAPK components, acting in the host cell nucleus as activators of transcriptional programs to regulate various cellular activities, including proinflammatory responses against bacterial pathogens. For instance, binding host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells to bacterial pathogen external components trigger the MAPK/NF-κB signaling cascade, eliciting cytokine production. This results in an innate immune response that can eliminate the bacterial pathogen. However, enteric bacterial pathogens evolved sophisticated mechanisms that interfere with such a response by delivering virulent proteins, termed effectors, and toxins into the host cells. These proteins act in numerous ways to inactivate or activate critical components of the MAPK signaling cascades and innate immunity. The consequence of such activities could lead to successful bacterial colonization, dissemination, and pathogenicity. This article will review enteric bacterial pathogens' strategies to modulate MAPKs and host responses. It will also discuss findings attempting to develop anti-microbial treatments by targeting MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Aroeti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190410, Israel;
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Shih CY, Chen SY, Hsu CR, Chin CH, Chiu WC, Chang MH, Kang LK, Yang CH, Pai TW, Hu CH, Hsu PH, Tzou WS. Distinctive microbial community and genome structure in coastal seawater from a human-made port and nearby offshore island in northern Taiwan facing the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284022. [PMID: 37294811 PMCID: PMC10256201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollution in human-made fishing ports caused by petroleum from boats, dead fish, toxic chemicals, and effluent poses a challenge to the organisms in seawater. To decipher the impact of pollution on the microbiome, we collected surface water from a fishing port and a nearby offshore island in northern Taiwan facing the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. By employing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and whole-genome shotgun sequencing, we discovered that Rhodobacteraceae, Vibrionaceae, and Oceanospirillaceae emerged as the dominant species in the fishing port, where we found many genes harboring the functions of antibiotic resistance (ansamycin, nitroimidazole, and aminocoumarin), metal tolerance (copper, chromium, iron and multimetal), virulence factors (chemotaxis, flagella, T3SS1), carbohydrate metabolism (biofilm formation and remodeling of bacterial cell walls), nitrogen metabolism (denitrification, N2 fixation, and ammonium assimilation), and ABC transporters (phosphate, lipopolysaccharide, and branched-chain amino acids). The dominant bacteria at the nearby offshore island (Alteromonadaceae, Cryomorphaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Litoricolaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae) were partly similar to those in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. Furthermore, we inferred that the microbial community network of the cooccurrence of dominant bacteria on the offshore island was connected to dominant bacteria in the fishing port by mutual exclusion. By examining the assembled microbial genomes collected from the coastal seawater of the fishing port, we revealed four genomic islands containing large gene-containing sequences, including phage integrase, DNA invertase, restriction enzyme, DNA gyrase inhibitor, and antitoxin HigA-1. In this study, we provided clues for the possibility of genomic islands as the units of horizontal transfer and as the tools of microbes for facilitating adaptation in a human-made port environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Shih
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Ocean Genome Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Yi Chen
- Departent of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ru Hsu
- Departent of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Chin
- Departent of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chiu
- Departent of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | - Lee-Kuo Kang
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Han Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Wen Pai
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hwa Hu
- Departent of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Departent of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shyong Tzou
- Taiwan Ocean Genome Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Departent of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Xie J, Zhang H, Li Y, Li H, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Xie Q. Transcriptome analysis of the biofilm formation mechanism of Vibrio parahaemolyticus under the sub-inhibitory concentrations of copper and carbenicillin. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128166. [PMID: 36937277 PMCID: PMC10018186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus enhanced its tolerance to the environment, but caused many serious problems to food safety and human health. In this paper, the effects of copper and carbenicillin (CARB) stress on the formation of the biofilms of V. parahaemolyticus organisms were studied, and RNA sequencing technology was used to compare the differences in transcriptome profiles of the biofilm-related genes of V. parahaemolyticus organisms under different sub-inhibitory stresses. The results proved that V. parahaemolyticus had a large growth difference under the two stresses, copper and CARB at 1/2 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and it could form a stable biofilm under both stress conditions. The amount of biofilm formed under CARB stress was significantly higher than that of copper stress (p < 0.05). Based on the analysis of transcriptome sequencing results 323, 1,550, and 1,296 significantly differential expressed genes were identified in the three treatment groups namely 1/2 MIC CARB, Cu2+, and Cu2++CARB. Through COG annotation, KEGG metabolic pathway analysis and gene expression analysis related to biofilm formation, the functional pathways of transcriptome changes affecting V. parahaemolyticus were different in the three treatment groups, and the CARB treatment group was significantly different from the other two groups. These differences indicated that the ABC transport system, two-component system and quorum sensing were all involved in the biofilm formation of the V. parahaemolytic by regulating flagellar motility, extracellular polysaccharides and extracellular polymer synthesis. Exploring the effects of different stress conditions on the transcriptome of V. parahaemolyticus could provide a basis for future research on the complex network system that regulates the formation of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinhui Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhao,
| | - Qingchao Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Qingchao Xie,
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Lafrance AE, Chimalapati S, Garcia Rodriguez N, Kinch LN, Kaval KG, Orth K. Enzymatic Specificity of Conserved Rho GTPase Deamidases Promotes Invasion of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at the Expense of Infection. mBio 2022; 13:e0162922. [PMID: 35862776 PMCID: PMC9426531 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01629-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is among the leading causes of bacterial seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis. Like many intracellular pathogens, V. parahaemolyticus invades host cells during infection by deamidating host small Rho GTPases. The Rho GTPase deamidating activity of VopC, a type 3 secretion system (T3SS) translocated effector, drives V. parahaemolyticus invasion. The intracellular pathogen uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) invades host cells by secreting a VopC homolog, the secreted toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1). Because of the homology between VopC and CNF1, we hypothesized that topical application of CNF1 during V. parahaemolyticus infection could supplement VopC activity. Here, we demonstrate that CNF1 improves the efficiency of V. parahaemolyticus invasion, a bottleneck in V. parahaemolyticus infection, across a range of doses. CNF1 increases V. parahaemolyticus invasion independent of both VopC and the T3SS altogether but leaves a disproportionate fraction of intracellular bacteria unable to escape the endosome and complete their infection cycle. This phenomenon holds true in the presence or absence of VopC but is particularly pronounced in the absence of a T3SS. The native VopC, by contrast, promotes a far less efficient invasion but permits the majority of internalized bacteria to escape the endosome and complete their infection cycle. These studies highlight the significance of enzymatic specificity during infection, as virulence factors (VopC and CNF1 in this instance) with similarities in function (bacterial uptake), catalytic activity (deamidation), and substrates (Rho GTPases) are not sufficiently interchangeable for mediating a successful invasion for neighboring bacterial pathogens. IMPORTANCE Many species of intracellular bacterial pathogens target host small Rho GTPases to initiate invasion, including the human pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The type three secretion system (T3SS) effector VopC of V. parahaemolyticus promotes invasion through the deamidation of Rac1 and CDC42 in the host, whereas the secreted toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) drives UPEC's internalization through the deamidation of Rac1, CDC42, and RhoA. Despite these similarities in the catalytic activity of CNF1 and VopC, we observed that the two enzymes were not interchangeable. Although CNF1 increased V. parahaemolyticus endosomal invasion, most intracellular V. parahaemolyticus aborted their infection cycle and remained trapped in endosomes. Our findings illuminate how the precise biochemical fine-tuning of T3SS effectors is essential for efficacious pathogenesis. Moreover, they pave the way for future investigations into the biochemical mechanisms underpinning V. parahaemolyticus endosomal escape and, more broadly, the regulation of successful pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Lafrance
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Suneeta Chimalapati
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nalleli Garcia Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa N. Kinch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Karan Gautam Kaval
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Sun H, Zhu C, Fu X, Khattak S, Wang J, Liu Z, Kong Q, Mou H, Secundo F. Effects of intestinal microbiota on physiological metabolism and pathogenicity of Vibrio. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947767. [PMID: 36081796 PMCID: PMC9445811 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio species are disseminated broadly in the marine environment. Some of them can cause severe gastroenteritis by contaminating seafood and drinking water, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus. However, their pathogenic mechanism still needs to be revealed to prevent and reduce morbidity. This review comprehensively introduces and discusses the common pathogenic process of Vibrio including adhesion, cell colonization and proliferation, and resistance to host immunity. Vibrio usually produces pathogenic factors including hemolysin, type-III secretion system, and adhesion proteins. Quorum sensing, a cell molecular communication system between the bacterial cells, plays an important role in Vibrio intestinal invasion and colonization. The human immune system can limit the virulence of Vibrio or even kill the bacteria through different responses. The intestinal microbiota is a key component of the immune system, but information on its effects on physiological metabolism and pathogenicity of Vibrio is seldom available. In this review, the effects of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites on the invasion and colonization of common pathogenic Vibrio and VBNC status cells are discussed, which is conducive to finding the next-generation prebiotics. The strategy of dietary intervention is discussed for food safety control. Finally, future perspectives are proposed to prevent Vibrio infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shakir Khattak
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Haijin Mou
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, CNR, Milan, Italy
- Francesco Secundo
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A Novel Transcription Factor VPA0041 Was Identified to Regulate the Swarming Motility in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040453. [PMID: 35456128 PMCID: PMC9029033 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus can change their usual lifestyle of surviving in an aqueous environment attached to a host, wherein both swimming motility and swarming motility play important roles in lifestyle changes, respectively. VPA0041 is a novel transcription factor involved in regulating the swarming ability of V. parahaemolyticus. The deletion of the vpa0041 gene resulted in the loss of swarming motility in the brain heart infusion (BHI) agars, while the swimming motility was unaffected by VPA0041. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) assays showed that no flagellum was found around the bacterial cells. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis revealed that VPA0041 regulated 315 genes; 207 genes were up-regulated, and 108 genes were down-regulated. RNA-seq results indicated that the lateral flagellar genes were down-regulated by VPA0041, which was confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated that VPA0041 directly bound to the promoters of vpa0264, vpa1548, and vpa1550 to regulate the expression of the lateral flagellar genes. Our results demonstrated that the transcription factor VPA0041 could directly regulate the expression of lateral flagellar genes to mediate the swarming motility in V. parahaemolyticus.
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Wang J, Zhan Y, Sun H, Fu X, Kong Q, Zhu C, Mou H. Regulation of Virulence Factors Expression During the Intestinal Colonization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:169-178. [PMID: 35085447 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization and adhesion are the key steps for Vibrio parahaemolyticus to infect human body and cause seafood poisoning. However, at present, there is a lack of systematic review on the regulation of virulence factors expression during the intestinal colonization of V. parahaemolyticus. This review aims to describe the virulence factors associated with the colonization and adhesion of V. parahaemolyticus (multivalent adhesion molecule 7, enolase secretion, use of flagella, biofilm formation, and the action of secretion systems) and focuses on the aspects that affect these processes in V. parahaemolyticus, including secretion systems, quorum sensing (QS), and the human gastrointestinal tract. V. parahaemolyticus regulates the expression of virulence factors by forming a virulence regulation network through QS and the core regulator, ToxR, which contributes to the early colonization of the pathogen. In the virulence regulation network, the secretion systems, type III and type VI secretion systems, help V. parahaemolyticus adhere to the distal end of the small intestine by secreting effectors that induce the lysis of epithelial cells and change the shape of the intestinal lining, which provides nutrients and a suitable environment for its growth. This review summarizes the research progress in recent years on the virulence factors associated with the colonization and adhesion of V. parahaemolyticus, which provides valuable information for the safety control of marine food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuming Zhan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal, Jinan, China
| | - Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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He M, Lei T, Jiang F, Zhang J, Zeng H, Wang J, Chen M, Xue L, Wu S, Ye Q, Pang R, Ding Y, Wu Q. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From Clinical and Food Sources. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708795. [PMID: 34385993 PMCID: PMC8353399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis worldwide. Determining its prevalence and genetic diversity will minimize the risk of infection and the associated economic burden. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is an important tool for molecular epidemiology and population genetic studies of bacteria. Here, we analyzed the genetic and evolutionary relationships of 162 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated in the Guangdong Province, China, using MLST. In the study, 120 strains were isolated from food samples, and 42 strains were isolated from clinical samples. All strains were categorized into 100 sequence types (STs), of which 58 were novel (48 from the food isolates and 10 from the clinical isolates). ST415 was the most prevalent ST among the food isolates, while ST3 was the most prevalent ST among the clinical isolates. Further, 12 clonal complexes, 14 doublets, and 73 singletons were identified in all ST clusters, indicating high genetic diversity of the analyzed strains. At the concatenated sequence level, non-synonymous sites in both, food and clinical isolates, were associated with purifying selection. Of note, the dN/dS ration was greater than 1 for some housekeeping genes in all isolates. This is the first time that some loci under positive selection were identified. These observations confirm frequent recombination events in V. parahaemolyticus. Recombination was much more important than mutation for genetic heterogeneity of the food isolates, but the probabilities of recombination and mutations were almost equal for the clinical isolates. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the clinical isolates were concentrated in the maximum-likelihood tree, while the food isolates were heterogeneously distributed. In conclusion, the food and clinical isolates of V. parahaemolyticus from the Guangdong Province are similar, but show different evolutionary trends. This may help prevent large-scale spread of highly virulent strains and provides a genetic basis for the discovery of microevolutionary relationships in V. parahaemolyticus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fufeng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Deng Y, Feng J, Guo Z, Chen H, Wang B, Hu J, Lin Z, Su Y. Functional characterization of VscCD, an important component of the type Ⅲ secretion system of Vibrio harveyi. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104965. [PMID: 34015493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative bacterium that occurs widely in the ocean and a kind of pathogenic bacteria associated with vibriosis in grouper. We investigated whether the VscCD protein of the type Ⅲ secretion system (T3SS) was important for pathogenicity of V. harveyi. Mutations to the vscC and vscD genes (ΔvscCD) and complementation of the ΔvscCD mutant (C-ΔvscCD) were created. Moreover, the biological characteristics of the wild-type (WT) and mutant strains of V. harveyi 345 were compared. The results showed that deletion of the vscCD genes had no effect on bacterial growth, swimming/swarming ability, secretion of extracellular protease, or biofilm formation. However, as compared with the V. harveyi 345: pMMB207 (WT+) and complementary (C-ΔvscCD) strains, the ΔvscCD: pMMB207 (ΔvscCD+) mutant displayed decreased resistance to acid stress, H2O2, and antibiotics. In addition, infection of the pearl gentian grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂Epinephelus lanceolatu) showed that as compared with the WT+ and C-ΔvscCD strains, the ΔvscCD+ strain significantly reduced cumulative mortality of the host. The colonization ability of the ΔvscCD+ mutant in the spleen and liver tissues of the pearl gentian grouper was significantly lower than that of the WT+ and C-ΔvscCD strains. In the early stage of infection with the ΔvscCD+ strain, the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-16, TLR3, TNF-α, MHC-Iα, and CD8α were up-regulated to varying degrees. As compared with the WT+ and C-ΔvscCD strains, luxR expression was significantly up-regulated in the ΔvscCD+ strain, while the expression of vcrH and vp1668 was significantly down-regulated. As an important component of the T3SS, VscCD seemed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of V. harveyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yiqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Zhixun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Haoxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Baotun Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ziyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Youlu Su
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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Chimalapati S, Lafrance AE, Chen L, Orth K. Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Basic Techniques for Growth, Genetic Manipulation, and Analysis of Virulence Factors. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 59:e131. [PMID: 33285040 PMCID: PMC7727304 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, halophilic bacterium and opportunistic pathogen of humans and shrimp. Investigating the mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus infection and the multifarious virulence factors it employs requires procedures for bacterial culture, genetic manipulation, and analysis of virulence phenotypes. Detailed protocols for growth assessment, generation of mutants, and phenotype assessment are included in this article. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Assessment of growth of V. parahaemolyticus Alternate Protocol 1: Assessment of growth of V. parahaemolyticus using a plate reader Basic Protocol 2: Swimming/swarming motility assay Basic Protocol 3: Genetic manipulation Alternate Protocol 2: Natural transformation Basic Protocol 4: Secretion assay and sample preparation for mass spectrometry analysis Basic Protocol 5: Invasion assay (gentamicin protection assay) Basic Protocol 6: Immunofluorescence detection of intracellular V. parahaemolyticus Basic Protocol 7: Cytotoxicity assay for T3SS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Chimalapati
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alexander E Lafrance
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luming Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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12
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Zhuang Q, Dai F, Zhao X, Shao Y, Guo M, Lv Z, Li C, Zhang W. Cloning and characterization of the virulence factor Hop from Vibrio splendidus. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103900. [PMID: 31790795 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio splendidus is an aquaculture pathogen that can cause skin ulcer syndrome (SUS) in Apostichopus japonicus. HopPmaJ is a type III system effector (T3SE) that has been reported to be an important virulence factor. In this study, a gene named hop, which encodes HopPmaJ in V. splendidus was cloned and its cytotoxicity to coelomocytes and its effects on the expression of immune-related genes in A. japonicus were characterized. METHODS Real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of the hop gene under various conditions. To obtain the purified Hop, hop gene was conditionally expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and was purified by GST tag. The cytotoxicity of Hop to coelomocyte was determined using MTT method, and the effect of Hop on the expression of immune-related genes was determined using real time RT-PCR. RESULTS The deduced amino acid sequence of Hop from V. splendidus shared 84%-96% homology with those of Hops from other Vibrio spp. The expression of hop gene was induced not only by host-pathogen contact but also by high cell density. Purified recombinant Hop (rHop) showed cytotoxicity to the coelomocyte of A. japonicus. The cell viability decreased to approximately 42%, 26%, 32%, 30% and 20%, when 30, 50, 60, 80 and 100 μL of purified rHop was added, respectively. After being injected with rHop, the expression levels of immune-related genes that encode complement component (C1q) and caspase were significantly increased, and the production of reactive oxygen species were also increased in A. japonicus. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that Hop not only contributed to the cytotoxicity to coelomocyte, but also caused immune response in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Fa Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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Li L, Gao M, Lu T, Gu D. RETRACTED: Dissection of ToxR-dependent and ToxR-independent stress-regulated pathways in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiol Res 2019; 223-225:79-87. [PMID: 31178055 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the authors. After having been alerted by an anonymous reader the authors found out that in order to substantiate one of their conclusions (DeltaToxR-reduced killing activity is mediated via T6SS2) more experiments are needed. To avoid any potentially wrong conclusions being published, the authors decided to retract the article and to resubmit their manuscript once the additional experiments have been completed. The Editor-in-Chief agreed to the retraction. The authors wish to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tianyu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Li L, Meng H, Gu D, Li Y, Jia M. Molecular mechanisms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenesis. Microbiol Res 2019; 222:43-51. [PMID: 30928029 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is mainly distributed in the seafood such as fish, shrimps and shellfish throughout the world. V. parahaemolyticus can cause diseases in marine aquaculture, leading to huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry. More importantly, it is also the leading cause of seafood-borne diarrheal disease in humans worldwide. With the development of animal model, next-generation sequencing as well as biochemical and cell biological technologies, deeper understanding of the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus has been gained. As a globally transmitted pathogen, the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus is closely related to a variety of virulence factors. This article comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of eight types of virulence factors: hemolysin, type III secretion system, type VI secretion system, adhesion factor, iron uptake system, lipopolysaccharide, protease and outer membrane proteins. This review comprehensively summarized our current understanding of the virulence factors in V. parahaemolyticus, which are potentially new targets for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongmei Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengdie Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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De Nisco NJ, Kanchwala M, Li P, Fernandez J, Xing C, Orth K. The cytotoxic type 3 secretion system 1 of Vibrio rewires host gene expression to subvert cell death and activate cell survival pathways. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/479/eaal4501. [PMID: 28512145 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial effectors potently manipulate host signaling pathways. The marine bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. para) delivers effectors into host cells through two type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs). T3SS1 is vital for V. para survival in the environment, whereas T3SS2 causes acute gastroenteritis in human hosts. Although the natural host is undefined, T3SS1 effectors attack highly conserved cellular processes and pathways to orchestrate nonapoptotic cell death. To understand how the concerted action of T3SS1 effectors globally affects host cell signaling, we compared gene expression changes over time in primary fibroblasts infected with V. para that have a functional T3SS1 (T3SS1+) to those in cells infected with V. para lacking T3SS1 (T3SS1-). Overall, the host transcriptional response to both T3SS1+ and T3SS1-V. para was rapid, robust, and temporally dynamic. T3SS1 rewired host gene expression by specifically altering the expression of 398 genes. Although T3SS1 effectors targeted host cells at the posttranslational level to cause cytotoxicity, V. para T3SS1 also precipitated a host transcriptional response that initially activated cell survival and repressed cell death networks. The increased expression of several key prosurvival transcripts mediated by T3SS1 depended on a host signaling pathway that is silenced posttranslationally later in infection. Together, our analysis reveals a complex interplay between the roles of T3SS1 as both a transcriptional and posttranslational manipulator of host cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J De Nisco
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessie Fernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Proteomics Analysis Reveals Previously Uncharacterized Virulence Factors in Vibrio proteolyticus. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01077-16. [PMID: 27460800 PMCID: PMC4981721 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01077-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Vibrio include many pathogens of humans and marine animals that share genetic information via horizontal gene transfer. Hence, the Vibrio pan-genome carries the potential to establish new pathogenic strains by sharing virulence determinants, many of which have yet to be characterized. Here, we investigated the virulence properties of Vibrio proteolyticus, a Gram-negative marine bacterium previously identified as part of the Vibrio consortium isolated from diseased corals. We found that V. proteolyticus causes actin cytoskeleton rearrangements followed by cell lysis in HeLa cells in a contact-independent manner. In search of the responsible virulence factor involved, we determined the V. proteolyticus secretome. This proteomics approach revealed various putative virulence factors, including active type VI secretion systems and effectors with virulence toxin domains; however, these type VI secretion systems were not responsible for the observed cytotoxic effects. Further examination of the V. proteolyticus secretome led us to hypothesize and subsequently demonstrate that a secreted hemolysin, belonging to a previously uncharacterized clan of the leukocidin superfamily, was the toxin responsible for the V. proteolyticus-mediated cytotoxicity in both HeLa cells and macrophages. Clearly, there remains an armory of yet-to-be-discovered virulence factors in the Vibrio pan-genome that will undoubtedly provide a wealth of knowledge on how a pathogen can manipulate host cells. The pan-genome of the genus Vibrio is a potential reservoir of unidentified toxins that can provide insight into how members of this genus have successfully risen as emerging pathogens worldwide. We focused on Vibrio proteolyticus, a marine bacterium that was previously implicated in virulence toward marine animals, and characterized its interaction with eukaryotic cells. We found that this bacterium causes actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and leads to cell death. Using a proteomics approach, we identified a previously unstudied member of the leukocidin family of pore-forming toxins as the virulence factor responsible for the observed cytotoxicity in eukaryotic cells, as well as a plethora of additional putative virulence factors secreted by this bacterium. Our findings reveal a functional new clan of the leukocidin toxin superfamily and establish this pathogen as a reservoir of potential toxins that can be used for biomedical applications.
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