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Guo RR, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wang W, Dalebout H, Zhang W, Wuhrer M, Liu L, Heijs B, Voglmeir J. Analysis of Immunogenic Galactose-α-1,3-galactose-Containing N-Glycans in Beef, Mutton, and Pork Tenderloin by Combining Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectroscopy and Capillary Electrophoresis Hyphenated with Mass Spectrometry via Electrospray Ionization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4184-4192. [PMID: 36809004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe allergic reactions to certain types of meat following tick bites have been reported in geographic regions which are endemic with ticks. This immune response is directed to a carbohydrate antigen (galactose-α-1,3-galactose or α-Gal), which is present in glycoproteins of mammalian meats. At the moment, asparagine-linked complex carbohydrates (N-glycans) with α-Gal motifs in meat glycoproteins and in which cell types or tissue morphologies these α-Gal moieties are present in mammalian meats are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed α-Gal-containing N-glycans in beef, mutton, and pork tenderloin and provided for the first time the spatial distribution of these types of N-glycans in various meat samples. Terminal α-Gal-modified N-glycans were found to be highly abundant in all analyzed samples (55, 45, and 36% of N-glycome in beef, mutton, and pork, respectively). Visualizations of the N-glycans with α-Gal modification revealed that this motif was mainly present in the fibroconnective tissue. To conclude, this study contributes to a better understanding of the glycosylation biology of meat samples and provides guidance for processed meat products, in which only meat fibers are required as an ingredient (i.e., sausages or canned meat).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rui Guo
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Dalebout
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Wangang Zhang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Román-Carrasco P, Hemmer W, Cabezas-Cruz A, Hodžić A, de la Fuente J, Swoboda I. The α-Gal Syndrome and Potential Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:783279. [PMID: 35386980 PMCID: PMC8974695 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.783279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-Gal syndrome is a complex allergic disease characterized by the development of specific IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal), an oligosaccharide present in cells and tissues of non-primate mammals. Individuals with IgE antibodies to α-Gal suffer from a delayed form of anaphylaxis following red meat consumption. There are several features that make the α-Gal syndrome such a unique allergic disease and distinguish it from other food allergies: (1) symptoms causing IgE antibodies are directed against a carbohydrate moiety, (2) the unusual delay between the consumption of the food and the onset of the symptoms, and (3) the fact that primary sensitization to α-Gal occurs via tick bites. This review takes a closer look at the immune response against α-Gal, in healthy and in α-Gal allergic individuals. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between immune response against α-Gal and against the other important glycan moieties associated with allergies, namely cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs), are discussed. Then different mechanisms are discussed that could contribute to the delayed onset of symptoms after consumption of mammalian meat. Moreover, our current knowledge on the role of tick bites in the sensitization process is summarized. The tick saliva has been shown to contain proteins carrying α-Gal, but also bioactive molecules, such as prostaglandin E2, which is capable of stimulating an increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines while promoting a decrease in the production of proinflammatory mediators. Together these components might promote Th2-related immunity and trigger a class switch to IgE antibodies directed against the oligosaccharide α-Gal. The review also points to open research questions that remain to be answered and proposes future research directions, which will help to get a better understanding and lead to a better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Román-Carrasco
- Molecular Biotechnology Section, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Adnan Hodžić
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Molecular Biotechnology Section, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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3
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The Efficacy of Ultrasonic Pest Repellent Devices against the Australian Paralysis Tick, Ixodes holocyclus (Acari: Ixodidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050400. [PMID: 33946185 PMCID: PMC8145533 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Ultrasonic repellers are widely available and marketed to protect against tick bite. To date, there has been no research on the effectiveness of ultrasonic devices against the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus. Thus, this study tested the effectiveness of nine ultrasonic devices with different sound frequencies against female I. holocyclus. Testing found that ultrasonic devices produced less than 19.5% repellency. The low-level repellency from ultrasonic repellers means that they cannot be recommended for prevention against tick bite. Abstract Ultrasonic pest repellers are often promoted as a means of protecting people and pets from the bites of hematophagous arthropods, such as ticks. However, to date, there has been no published research on the effectiveness of these devices against the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus Neumann. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of nine ultrasonic devices against female I. holocyclus. Two arenas were constructed, one for the test (with the ultrasonic device) and one for the control (no device). Each arena had a test and an escape chamber, connected by a corridor. Twenty ticks were placed in each test chamber. After the ultrasonic device was operated for 1 h, the number of ticks in both chambers was recorded. Ten replicates were conducted for each device. The average number of ticks that moved from the test to the escape chamber was greater in all the test arenas, with three devices being statistically different from the control. However, the highest percent of ticks that escaped was only 19.5%. This amount is insufficient to offer adequate protection against tick bites and this study adds further weight to previous investigations that ultrasonic devices should not be employed in pest management.
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Ng YQ, Gupte TP, Krause PJ. Tick hypersensitivity and human tick-borne diseases. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12819. [PMID: 33428244 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to ticks and other arthropods are well documented. Hypersensitivity to ixodid (hard bodied) ticks is especially important because they transmit infection to humans throughout the world and are responsible for most vector-borne diseases in the United States. The causative pathogens of these diseases are transmitted in tick saliva that is secreted into the host while taking a blood meal. Tick salivary proteins inhibit blood coagulation, block the local itch response and impair host anti-tick immune responses, which allows completion of the blood meal. Anti-tick host immune responses are heightened upon repeated tick exposure and have the potential to abrogate tick salivary protein function, interfere with the blood meal and prevent pathogen transmission. Although there have been relatively few tick bite hypersensitivity studies in humans compared with those in domestic animals and laboratory animal models, areas of human investigation have included local hypersensitivity reactions at the site of tick attachment and generalized hypersensitivity reactions. Progress in the development of anti-tick vaccines for humans has been slow due to the complexities of such vaccines but has recently accelerated. This approach holds great promise for future prevention of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Quan Ng
- Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Trisha P Gupte
- Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter J Krause
- Yale School of Public Health and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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5
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Takayama N, Takagaki Y. Tick anaphylaxis triggered by pulling out the tick. Acute Med Surg 2020; 7:e503. [PMID: 32431844 PMCID: PMC7231567 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reports of tick anaphylaxis are extremely rare in Asian countries, with poor awareness in these regions. Herein, we report a case of tick anaphylaxis that was triggered by pulling out the tick. Case Presentation A 66-year-old man developed pruritus in his left toes after returning from a mountain. Three days later, he found a swollen tick biting at the skin between the second and third toes and pulled it out. Approximately 30 min after pulling out the tick, he started to feel a burning sensation in his chest and was brought to our hospital. He was diagnosed with anaphylactic shock (systolic blood pressure, 60 mmHg) and immediately received intramuscular adrenaline. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first case of tick anaphylaxis triggered by tick removal in an Asian country. A tick should be removed without pressure on its body, especially in patients with tick or bee allergy.
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Taylor CL, Lydecker HW, Lo N, Hochuli DF, Banks PB. Invasive rabbits host immature Ixodes ticks at the urban-forest interface. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101439. [PMID: 32295737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduced wildlife may be important alternative hosts for generalist ticks that cause health issues for humans and companion animals in urban areas, but to date are rarely considered as part of the tick-host community compared to native wildlife. In Australia, European rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, are a widespread and abundant invasive species common to a range of human-modified ecosystems. To understand the potential role of rabbits in the life cycle of Australian ticks, we investigated the seasonal abundance of all tick life stages (larva, nymph, and adult) on rabbits collected from pest control programs in two urban forest remnants in Sydney, Australia. We also recorded whether larvae, nymphs, and adults were attached to the head, body, or limbs of rabbits to reveal patterns of tick attachment. Of the 2426 Ixodes ticks collected from 42 rabbits, larvae were by far the most abundant life stage (2360), peaking in abundance in autumn, while small numbers of nymphs (62) and adults (4) were present in winter and summer respectively. Larvae were found all over the body, whereas adults and nymphs were predominantly attached to the head, suggesting that the mature life stages use the host landscape differently, or that adults or nymphs may be groomed off the body. The most abundant tick species, as determined by morphology and DNA sequencing, was Ixodes holocyclus, a generalist tick responsible for significant human and companion animal health concerns in Australia. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of introduced wildlife in tick dynamics particularly in novel ecosystems where non-native hosts may be more abundant than native hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Taylor
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| | - Henry W Lydecker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Dieter F Hochuli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Peter B Banks
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Xiong Q, Wan ATY, Tsui SKW. A Mini-review of the Genomes and Allergens of Mites and Ticks. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:114-123. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190719150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mites and ticks are associated with many human diseases including allergic diseases and
scabies. With the recent advances in the high throughput DNA sequencing technology, many mitochondrial
nuclear genomes of these species have been sequenced and the resulting genomic resources
will certainly provide novel insights for the future investigation of the functionally important proteins
and peptides in these species. In this mini-review, the current situation of mite and tick genomes is
described and the future perspectives for the application of the genomic resources are discussed, especially
including the novel identification and structural analysis of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Angel Tsz Yau Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Garber B, Glauser J. Tick-Borne Illness for Emergency Medicine Providers. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40138-019-00187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Cabezas-Cruz A, Hodžić A, Román-Carrasco P, Mateos-Hernández L, Duscher GG, Sinha DK, Hemmer W, Swoboda I, Estrada-Peña A, de la Fuente J. Environmental and Molecular Drivers of the α-Gal Syndrome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1210. [PMID: 31214181 PMCID: PMC6554561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a type of allergy characterized by an IgE antibody (Ab) response against the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal), which is present in glycoproteins from tick saliva and tissues of non-catarrhine mammals. Recurrent tick bites induce high levels of anti-α-Gal IgE Abs that mediate delayed hypersensitivity to consumed red meat products in humans. This was the first evidence that tick glycoproteins play a major role in allergy development with the potential to cause fatal delayed anaphylaxis to α-Gal-containing foods and drugs and immediate anaphylaxis to tick bites. Initially, it was thought that the origin of tick-derived α-Gal was either residual blood meal mammalian glycoproteins containing α-Gal or tick gut bacteria producing this glycan. However, recently tick galactosyltransferases were shown to be involved in α-Gal synthesis with a role in tick and tick-borne pathogen life cycles. The tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum increases the level of tick α-Gal, which potentially increases the risk of developing AGS after a bite by a pathogen-infected tick. Two mechanisms might explain the production of anti-α-Gal IgE Abs after tick bites. The first mechanism proposes that the α-Gal antigen on tick salivary proteins is presented to antigen-presenting cells and B-lymphocytes in the context of Th2 cell-mediated immunity induced by tick saliva. The second mechanism is based on the possibility that tick salivary prostaglandin E2 triggers Immunoglobulin class switching to anti-α-Gal IgE-producing B cells from preexisting mature B cells clones producing anti-α-Gal IgM and/or IgG. Importantly, blood group antigens influence the capacity of the immune system to produce anti-α-Gal Abs which in turn impacts individual susceptibility to AGS. The presence of blood type B reduces the capacity of the immune system to produce anti-α-Gal Abs, presumably due to tolerance to α-Gal, which is very similar in structure to blood group B antigen. Therefore, individuals with blood group B and reduced levels of anti-α-Gal Abs have lower risk to develop AGS. Specific immunity to tick α-Gal is linked to host immunity to tick bites. Basophil activation and release of histamine have been implicated in IgE-mediated acquired protective immunity to tick infestations and chronic itch. Basophil reactivity was also found to be higher in patients with AGS when compared to asymptomatic α-Gal sensitized individuals. In addition, host resistance to tick infestation is associated with resistance to tick-borne pathogen infection. Anti-α-Gal IgM and IgG Abs protect humans against vector-borne pathogens and blood group B individuals seem to be more susceptible to vector-borne diseases. The link between blood groups and anti-α-Gal immunity which in turn affects resistance to vector-borne pathogens and susceptibility to AGS, suggests a trade-off between susceptibility to AGS and protection to some infectious diseases. The understanding of the environmental and molecular drivers of the immune mechanisms involved in AGS is essential to developing tools for the diagnosis, control, and prevention of this growing health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Adnan Hodžić
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Georg Gerhard Duscher
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deepak Kumar Sinha
- Biology Center, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceské Budějovice, Czechia
| | | | - Ines Swoboda
- Molecular Biotechnology Section, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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van Nunen SA. Tick-induced allergies: mammalian meat allergy and tick anaphylaxis. Med J Aust 2019; 208:316-321. [PMID: 29642819 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian meat allergy after tick bites and tick anaphylaxis are the most serious tick-induced allergies. They are often severe, should be largely avoidable and offer fascinating insights into the development and prevention of allergies. Australian clinicians reported the first cases of tick anaphylaxis and discovered the association between tick bites and the development of mammalian meat allergy. The subsequent finding of the allergen epitope within the meat responsible for the allergic reaction, α-gal (galactose-α-1,3-galactose), stimulated further interest in this emergent allergy. Reports of mammalian meat allergy associated with bites from several tick species have now come from every continent where humans are bitten by ticks. The number of diagnosed patients has continued to rise. Clinically, mammalian meat allergy and tick anaphylaxis present quite differently. The prominent role of cofactors in triggering episodes of mammalian meat allergy can make its diagnosis difficult. Management of mammalian meat allergy is complicated by the manifold potential therapeutic implications due to the widespread distribution of the mammalian meat allergen, α-gal. Exposures to α-gal-containing medications have proved lethal in a minority of people, and fatal tick anaphylaxis has been reported in Australia. Prevention of tick bites is prudent and practicable; killing the tick in situ is crucial to both primary and secondary prevention of allergic reactions. Mechanisms in the development of mammalian meat allergy constitute a paradigm for how allergies might arise.
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Taylor BWP, Ratchford A, van Nunen S, Burns B. Tick killing in situ before removal to prevent allergic and anaphylactic reactions in humans: a cross-sectional study. Asia Pac Allergy 2019; 9:e15. [PMID: 31089457 PMCID: PMC6494660 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2019.9.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal outcome of improper tick removal and management. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether killing ticks in-situ with ether-containing sprays or permethrin cream, before careful removal by the mouthparts could reduce this risk. METHODS This was a prospective study at Mona Vale Hospital Emergency Department (ED) in Sydney, New South Wales, over a 6-month period during the peak tick season of 2016. Tick removal methods, allergic/anaphylactic reactions were recorded for patients presenting with ticks in situ or having already removed the ticks themselves. Primary endpoint was allergic/anaphylactic reaction after tick killing/removal. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one patients met study inclusion criteria. Sixty-one patients (28 known tick-hypersensitive) had ticks killed with Wart-Off Freeze or Lyclear Scabies Cream (5% w/w permethrin) before removal with fine-tipped forceps or Tick Twister. Three patients (2 known tick-hypersensitive) had allergic reactions (5%), none anaphylactic. The 2 known hypersensitive patients suffered reactions during the killing process and the third patient had a particularly embedded tick meaning it could not be removed solely by mouthparts. Fifty patients presented to the ED posttick removal by various methods, none using either fine-tipped forceps or Tick Twister, of which 43 (86%) experienced allergic reactions - 2 anaphylactic. Five patients suffered allergic reactions before presentation despite no attempt at kill or removal, but ticks had likely been disturbed by some other method. Five patients had live ticks removed in ED - 3 refused killing and had no reaction despite 1 having known hypersensitivity; 2 had ticks on eyelids contraindicating killing, 1 with known hypersensitivity but both had allergic reactions post removal. CONCLUSION Results support killing ticks in-situ before careful removal by mouthparts to reduce allergic/anaphylactic reactions although further research is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Ratchford
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Sheryl van Nunen
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian Burns
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Étude des cas d’anaphylaxies aux viandes de mammifères déclarés au réseau d’allergo-vigilance. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Tick-host conflict: immunoglobulin E antibodies to tick proteins in patients with anaphylaxis to tick bite. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20630-20644. [PMID: 28423486 PMCID: PMC5400532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne infectious diseases and allergies are a growing problem worldwide. Tick bite allergy has been associated with the direct effect of immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to tick salivary antigens, or secondary to the induction of allergy to red meat consumption through IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate α-Gal (Gal α 1-3Gal β 1-(3)4GlcNAc-R). However, despite the growing burden of this pathology, the proteins associated with anaphylaxis to tick bite have not been characterized. To address this question, a comparative proteomics approach was used to characterize tick proteins producing an IgE antibody response in a healthy individual with record of tick bites, which had not resulted in any allergic reactions, and two patients with anaphylactic reactions to Rhipicephalus bursa or Hyalomma marginatum tick bites. Both patients and the healthy individual were red meat tolerant. The results supported a patient-specific IgE antibody response to tick species responsible for the anaphylaxis to tick bite. Both patients and the healthy individual serologically recognized tick proteins with and without α-Gal modifications, with proteins differentially recognized by patients but not control sera. These proteins could be used as potential antigens for diagnostics, treatment and prevention of tick bite-induced allergies.
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Delayed Anaphylaxis to Mammalian Meat Following Tick Exposure and Its Impact on Anesthetic Management for Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8:175-177. [PMID: 28118212 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions to mammalian meat following tick exposure are increasing in prevalence and provide a unique challenge to anesthesiologists. The reactions, including anaphylaxis, are delayed and therefore may not be easily recognized and treated. The risk is especially high in cardiac surgery, where several potential triggers, including biological valves as well as heparin, are used frequently. In the presence of such hypersensitivity, prophylactic measures including preoperative testing and pharmacologic prophylaxis may be useful in modulating the immune response such that triggering agents may be used relatively safely. We present 3 patients with previous sensitization to meat protein following a tick bite with known allergic reactions to mammalian meat who presented for cardiac surgery involving exposure to potential allergens and discuss the perioperative management including possible prevention.
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McGain F, Welton R, Solley GO, Winkel KD. First fatalities from tick bite anaphylaxis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:769-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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van Nunen S. Tick-induced allergies: mammalian meat allergy, tick anaphylaxis and their significance. Asia Pac Allergy 2015; 5:3-16. [PMID: 25653915 PMCID: PMC4313755 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2015.5.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious tick-induced allergies comprise mammalian meat allergy following tick bites and tick anaphylaxis. Mammalian meat allergy is an emergent allergy, increasingly prevalent in tick-endemic areas of Australia and the United States, occurring worldwide where ticks are endemic. Sensitisation to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) has been shown to be the mechanism of allergic reaction in mammalian meat allergy following tick bite. Whilst other carbohydrate allergens have been identified, this allergen is unique amongst carbohydrate food allergens in provoking anaphylaxis. Treatment of mammalian meat anaphylaxis involves avoidance of mammalian meat and mammalian derived products in those who also react to gelatine and mammalian milks. Before initiating treatment with certain therapeutic agents (e.g., cetuximab, gelatine-containing substances), a careful assessment of the risk of anaphylaxis, including serological analysis for α-Gal specific-IgE, should be undertaken in any individual who works, lives, volunteers or recreates in a tick endemic area. Prevention of tick bites may ameliorate mammalian meat allergy. Tick anaphylaxis is rare in countries other than Australia. Tick anaphylaxis is secondarily preventable by prevention and appropriate management of tick bites. Analysis of tick removal techniques in tick anaphylaxis sufferers offers insights into primary prevention of both tick and mammalian meat anaphylaxis. Recognition of the association between mammalian meat allergy and tick bites has established a novel cause and effect relationship between an environmental exposure and subsequent development of a food allergy, directing us towards examining environmental exposures as provoking factors pivotal to the development of other food allergies and refocusing our attention upon causation of allergy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl van Nunen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal North Shore Hospital and Sydney Medical School-Northern, St Leonards NSW 2065, Australia
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