1
|
Xu QY, Zhang ZL, Zhang R, Hoffman AA, Fang JC, Luo GH. Tyrosine hydroxylase plays crucial roles in larval cuticle formation and larval-pupal tanning in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105836. [PMID: 38582598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), a notorious pest infesting rice, has evolved a high level of resistance to many commonly used insecticides. In this study, we investigate whether tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is required for larval development and cuticle tanning in many insects, could be a potential target for the control of C. suppressalis. We identified and characterized the full-length cDNA (CsTH) of C. suppressalis. The complete open reading frame of CsTH (MW690914) was 1683 bp in length, encoding a protein of 560 amino acids. Within the first to the sixth larval instars, CsTH was high in the first day just after molting, and lower in the ensuing days. From the wandering stage to the adult stage, levels of CSTH began to rise and reached a peak at the pupal stage. These patterns suggested a role for the gene in larval development and larval-pupal cuticle tanning. When we injected dsCsTH or 3-iodotyrosine (3-IT) as a TH inhibitor or fed a larva diet supplemented with 3-IT, there were significant impairments in larval development and larval-pupal cuticle tanning. Adult emergence was severely impaired, and most adults died. These results suggest that CsTH might play a critical role in larval development as well as larval-pupal tanning and immunity in C. suppressalis, and this gene could form a potential novel target for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ary A Hoffman
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ji-Chao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guang-Hua Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology), Nanjing 210014, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Misra V, Mall AK, Pandey H, Srivastava S, Sharma A. Advancements and prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies for abiotic and biotic stresses in sugar beet. Front Genet 2023; 14:1235855. [PMID: 38028586 PMCID: PMC10665535 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1235855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar beet is a crop with high sucrose content, known for sugar production and recently being considered as an emerging raw material for bioethanol production. This crop is also utilized as cattle feed, mainly when animal green fodder is scarce. Bioethanol and hydrogen gas production from this crop is an essential source of clean energy. Environmental stresses (abiotic/biotic) severely affect the productivity of this crop. Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms of biotic and abiotic stress responses in sugar beet have been investigated using next-generation sequencing, gene editing/silencing, and over-expression approaches. This information can be efficiently utilized through CRISPR/Cas 9 technology to mitigate the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses in sugar beet cultivation. This review highlights the potential use of CRISPR/Cas 9 technology for abiotic and biotic stress management in sugar beet. Beet genes known to be involved in response to alkaline, cold, and heavy metal stresses can be precisely modified via CRISPR/Cas 9 technology for enhancing sugar beet's resilience to abiotic stresses with minimal off-target effects. Similarly, CRISPR/Cas 9 technology can help generate insect-resistant sugar beet varieties by targeting susceptibility-related genes, whereas incorporating Cry1Ab and Cry1C genes may provide defense against lepidopteron insects. Overall, CRISPR/Cas 9 technology may help enhance sugar beet's adaptability to challenging environments, ensuring sustainable, high-yield production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varucha Misra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - A. K. Mall
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
- Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | | | - Avinash Sharma
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bai Y, He Y, Shen CZ, Li K, Li DL, He ZQ. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated genomic knock out of tyrosine hydroxylase and yellow genes in cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284124. [PMID: 37036877 PMCID: PMC10085040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gryllus bimaculatus is an emerging model organism in various fields of biology such as behavior, neurology, physiology and genetics. Recently, application of reverse genetics provides an opportunity of understanding the functional genomics and manipulating gene regulation networks with specific physiological response in G. bimaculatus. By using CRISPR/Cas9 system in G. bimaculatus, we present an efficient knockdown of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and yellow-y, which are involved in insect melanin and catecholamine-biosynthesis pathway. As an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, TH confines the first step reaction in the pathway. Yellow protein (dopachrome conversion enzyme, DCE) is also involved in the melanin biosynthetic pathway. The regulation system and molecular mechanism of melanin biogenesis in the pigmentation and their physiological functions in G. bimaculatus hasn't been well defined by far for lacking of in vivo models. Deletion and insertion of nucleotides in target sites of both TH and Yellow are detected in both F0 individuals and the inheritable F1 progenies. We confirm that TH and yellow-y are down-regulated in mutants by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Compared with the control group, mutations of TH and yellow-y genes result in defects in pigmentation. Most F0 nymphs with mutations of TH gene die by the first instar, and the only adult had significant defects in the wings and legs. However, we could not get any homozygotes of TH mutants for all the F2 die by the first instar. Therefore, TH gene is very important for the growth and development of G. bimaculatus. When the yellow-y gene is knocked out, 71.43% of G. bimaculatus are light brown, with a slight mosaic on the abdomen. The yellow-y gene can be inherited stably through hybridization experiment with no obvious phenotype except lighter cuticular color. The present loss of function study indicates the essential roles of TH and yellow in pigmentation, and TH possesses profound and extensive effects of dopamine synthesis in embryonic development in G. bimaculatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Ze Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Liang Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu-Qing He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Insect Pest Stress Management in Crop Plants. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses2040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects. Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on hazardous synthetic insecticides. Using the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas technology to develop insect-resistant plants appears to be highly efficient at lowering production costs and increasing farm profitability. The genomes of both a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, and major phytophagous insect genera, viz. Spodoptera, Helicoverpa, Nilaparvata, Locusta, Tribolium, Agrotis, etc., were successfully edited by the CRISPR-Cas toolkits. This new method, however, has the ability to alter an insect’s DNA in order to either induce a gene drive or overcome an insect’s tolerance to certain insecticides. The rapid progress in the methodologies of CRISPR technology and their diverse applications show a high promise in the development of insect-resistant plant varieties or other strategies for the sustainable management of insect pests to ensure food security. This paper reviewed and critically discussed the use of CRISPR-Cas genome-editing technology in long-term insect pest management. The emphasis of this review was on the prospective uses of the CRISPR-Cas system for insect stress management in crop production through the creation of genome-edited crop plants or insects. The potential and the difficulties of using CRISPR-Cas technology to reduce pest stress in crop plants were critically examined and discussed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bai TT, Pei XJ, Liu TX, Fan YL, Zhang SZ. Melanin synthesis genes BgTH and BgDdc affect body color and cuticle permeability in Blattella germanica. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1552-1568. [PMID: 35191584 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is involved in cuticle pigmentation and sclerotization of insects, which is critical for maintaining structural integrity and functional completeness of insect cuticle. The 2 key enzymes of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) predicted in melanin biosynthesis are usually conserved in insects. However, it is unclear whether their function is related to epidermal permeability. In this study, we identified and cloned the gene sequences of BgTH and BgDdc from Blattella germanica, and revealed that they both showed a high expression at the molting, and BgTH was abundant in the head and integument while BgDdc was expressed highest in the fat body. Using RNA interference (RNAi), we found that knockdown of BgTH caused molting obstacles in some cockroaches, with the survivors showing pale color and softer integuments, while knockdown of BgDdc was viable and generated an abnormal light brown body color. Desiccation assay showed that the dsBgTH-injected adults died earlier than control groups under a dry atmosphere, but dsBgDdc-injected cockroaches did not. In contrast, when dsRNA-treated cockroaches were reared under a high humidity condition, almost no cockroaches died in all treatments. Furthermore, with eosin Y staining assay, we found that BgTH-RNAi resulted in a higher cuticular permeability, and BgDdc-RNAi also caused slight dye penetration. These results demonstrate that BgTH and BgDdc function in body pigmentation and affect the waterproofing ability of the cuticle, and the reduction of cuticular permeability may be achieved through cuticle melanization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Present address: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Liang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ze LJ, Wang P, Peng YC, Jin L, Li GQ. Silencing tyrosine hydroxylase or dopa decarboxylase gene disrupts cuticle tanning during larva-pupa-adult transformation in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3880-3893. [PMID: 35470957 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 28-spotted potato ladybird, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, is a notorious defoliator of many solanaceous and cucurbitaceous plants. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) are responsible for cuticle tanning pathway in insects. RESULTS We identified HvTH and HvDDC in H. vigintioctopunctata, and found that high levels of them were accumulated just before or right after molting. Injection of dsHvTH or feeding 3-iodo-tyrosine (3-IT) at the third instar larval stage repressed tanning of the larval cuticle, reduced larval feeding, inhibited larval growth, and consequently caused 100% of larval mortality. Knockdown of HvDDC at the third instar larval stage hardly affected the coloration of larval head, and partially inhibited pigmentation of larval bodies and around 80% of the HvDDC RNAi larvae developed into albino pupae and adults. Moreover, depletion of HvTH or HvDDC at the fourth instar larval stage resulted in albino pupae and adults. The HvTH or HvDDC hypomorph adults fully or partially failed to remove the larval/pupal exuviae, possessed pale and abnormal wings, and poorly tanned heads and bodies, and eventually, struggled for several days without feeding on leaves before death. CONCLUSION These results show that TH and DDC play key roles in larval and adult cuticle tanning and development in H. vigintioctopunctata. Also, these findings suggest that dopa- and dopamine-originated pigments are essential for larval and adult feeding behavior and the molting process during emergence. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ji Ze
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education / State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education / State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Chuan Peng
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education / State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education / State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Q, Zhong L, Wang Y, Zheng S, Bian Y, Du J, Yang R, Liu W, Qin L. Tyrosine Hydroxylase and DOPA Decarboxylase Are Associated With Pupal Melanization During Larval–Pupal Transformation in Antheraea pernyi. Front Physiol 2022; 13:832730. [PMID: 35464097 PMCID: PMC9022030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.832730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, melanism plays important roles in defense, immunoreactions, and body color. The underlying molecular mechanisms of melanism in different insects are diverse and remain elusive. In contrast to another silkworm, Bombyx mori, the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, produces melanic pupae under natural environmental conditions. DOPA and dopamine synthesis are crucial for melanin formation. Disruption of these processes reportedly influences body colors in many insects. Most research focuses on newly emerged pupae, and the larval process preceding pupation remains unknown. Due to the large size and long pupation period in A. pernyi, the entire process was studied at least every 12 h. The expression patterns of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), which are involved in DOPA and dopamine synthesis in the epidermis, were evaluated during larval–pupal metamorphosis. We also performed RNA interference (RNAi) and used enzyme inhibitors to examine morphological changes. The amino acid sequences of TH and DDC share 90.91% and 86.64% identity with those of B. mori. TH and DDC expression was upregulated during the 48–72 h period prior to pupal emergence, especially at 60 h. RNAi of TH and DDC induced partial melanism in some pupae. The inhibitors 3-iodo-tyrosine (3-IT) and L-α-methyl-DOPA (L-DOPA) influenced pupal melanization. Different concentrations of inhibitors led to pupal deformity and even mortality. Four different monoamines, only DOPA and Dopamine synthezed from Tyrosine will be influenced by TH and DDC inhibitor. These results indicate that TH and DDC are key genes associated with pupal melanization during larval–pupal transformation in A. pernyi. Overall, our results suggest that TH and DDC expression alterations in a particular stage can affect body color, setting the molecular basis for artificial control of pupal melanization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Sericultural Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Wang,
| | - Shengwei Zheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yumeng Bian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junhao Du
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruisheng Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Qin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Insect Resource Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Li Qin,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Fang G, Chen X, Cao Y, Wu N, Cui Q, Zhu C, Qian L, Huang Y, Zhan S. The genome of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 139:103665. [PMID: 34624466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon, is a worldwide polyphagous and underground pest that causes a high level of economic loss to a wide range of crops through the damage of roots. This species performs non-directed migration throughout East and Southeast Asia seasonally. Lack of a genome information has limited further studies on its unique biology and the development of novel management approaches. In this study, we present a 476 Mb de novo assembly of BCW, along with a consensus gene set of 14,801 protein-coding gene models. Quality controls show that both genome assembly and annotations are high-quality and mostly complete. We focus manual annotation and comparative genomics on gene families that related to the unique attributes of this species, such as nocturnality, long-distance migration, and host adaptation. We find that the BCW genome encodes a similar gene repertoire in various migration-related gene families to the diural migratory butterfly Danaus plexiipus, with additional copies of long wavelength opsin and two eye development-related genes. On the other hand, we find that the genomes of BCW and many other polyphagous lepidopterans encode many more gustatory receptor genes, particularly the lineage-specific expanded bitter receptor genes, than the mono- or oligo-phagous species, suggesting a common role of gustatory receptors (GRs) expansion in host range expansion. The availability of a BCW genome provides valuable resources to study the molecular mechanisms of non-directed migration in lepidopteran pests and to develop novel strategies to control migratory nocturnal pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi'en Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanghui Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lansa Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu SH, Yang BJ, Wang AY, Luo J, Tang J. RNA interference of tyrosine hydroxylase caused rapid mortality by impairing cuticle formation in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2225-2232. [PMID: 31981304 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of RNA interference (RNAi) technique in controlling agricultural insect pests has been receiving much attention since the discovery of RNAi. The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, a notorious pest of rice, has evolved a high level of resistance to many kinds of insecticides. Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) is an indispensable survival gene in holometabolous insects, playing key roles in cuticle tanning and immunity. In this study, we investigated whether Th could be used as a potential target in controlling N. lugens. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that NlTh had a periodical expression pattern during molting with the highest level observed in epidermis. Dysfunction of NlTH by dsNlTh microinjection or 3-IT feeding similarly caused rapid death of N. lugens. Compared with dsGFP control BPHs, dsNlTh injected BPHs (i) had cuticle pigmentation and sclerotizaton defects; (ii) had less endocuticle lamella in tergum integument; (iii) showed higher mortality during the molting process as a result of defective cuticle shedding; (iv) showed feeding disorders indicated by a low number of probe wound dots on rice; (v) had more vulnerable cuticle. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that TH orthologues play a conservative and crucial role for exocuticle tanning in both holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects, and NlTh could be targeted for RNAi-mediated BPH control. The rapid lethal phenotype of NlTH dysfunction BPHs partly induced by cuticle formation defects. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao J Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ju Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
O’Brochta DA, Tonui WK, Dass B, James S. A Cross-Sectional Survey of Biosafety Professionals Regarding Genetically Modified Insects. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2020; 25:19-27. [PMID: 32655328 PMCID: PMC7323817 DOI: 10.1177/1535676019888047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic technologies such as gene editing and gene drive create challenges for existing frameworks used to assess risk and make regulatory determinations by governments and institutions. Insect genetic technologies including transgenics, gene editing, and gene drive may be particularly challenging because of the large and increasing number of insect species being genetically modified and the degree of familiarity with these organisms and technologies by biosafety officials charged with making containment decisions. METHODS An anonymous online survey of biosafety professionals was distributed to the membership of ABSA International, a global society of biosafety professionals, to investigate their perspectives on their preparedness to meet these new challenges. RESULTS Existing guidance used to make containment decisions for nongenetically modified insects was widely seen as adequate, and most respondents thought the available guidance for making containment decisions for genetically modified insects with and without gene drives was inadequate. Most respondents reported having less confidence in their decisions concerning containment of genetically modified insects compared to decisions involving genetically modified microbes, (noninsect) animals, and plants. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a need for additional support for biosafety professionals to improve the quality of and confidence in containment decisions regarding genetically modified insects with and without gene drive. These needs might be addressed by increasing training, updating existing guidance, creating new guidance, and creating a third-party accreditation entity to support institutions. Sixty percent of the respondents said they either would or might use a voluntary third-party accreditation service to support insect containment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brinda Dass
- The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|