1
|
Luo X, Fang G, Chen K, Song Y, Lu T, Tomberlin JK, Zhan S, Huang Y. A gut commensal bacterium promotes black soldier fly larval growth and development partly via modulation of intestinal protein metabolism. mBio 2023; 14:e0117423. [PMID: 37706881 PMCID: PMC10653789 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01174-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Black solider fly larvae and the gut microbiota can recycle nutrients from various organic wastes into valuable insect biomass. We found that Citrobacter amalonaticus, a gut commensal bacterium of the insect, exerts beneficial effects on larval growth and development and that the expression of many metabolic larval genes was significantly impacted by the symbiont. To identify the larval genes involved in the host-symbiont interaction, we engineered the symbiont to produce double-strand RNA and enabled the strain to silence host genes in the larval gut environment where the interaction takes place. With this approach, we confirmed that two intestinal protease families are involved in the interaction and provided further evidence that intestinal protein metabolism plays a role in the interaction. This work expands the genetic toolkits available to study the insect functional genomics and host-symbiont interaction and provide the prospective for the future application of gut microbiota on the large-scale bioconversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuangqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shuai Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saenz FR, Dabaja B, Fang G, Daver N, Kantarjian HM, Spiotto MT. Irradiated Extramedullary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Increases Survival in a Leukemic Mouse Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S161. [PMID: 37784404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The systemic nature of AML likely limits their immunogenicity because antigen presentation is primarily mediated by splenic dendritic cells, which induces immune tolerance. Since antigen presentation in tissue draining lymph nodes can induce anti-tumor immune responses, we hypothesized that local irradiation of cutaneous, extramedullary leukemias will increase immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell maturation and improved survival. MATERIALS/METHODS A murine AML cell line C1498 was assessed for immunogenic markers calreticulin (CALR), HMGB1 and cGAS-STING pathway using fluorescence cytometry and qRT-PCR. Syngeneic mice were injected with C1498 subcutaneously to model extramedullary lesions and intravenously to model systemic leukemias. Cells and subcutaneous tumor were focally irradiated with 2 Gy or 8 Gy. Two-way ANOVA and Student's t-test were used for paired-wise comparisons. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier plot and groups were compared using log-rank test. RESULTS C1498 cells or tumors irradiated with 2 Gy or 8 Gy showed increased CALR and HMGB1 as well as (cGAS/Md21b1; 5-fold; p<0.001) and interferon alpha (Ifna; 3-fold; p<0.001) after 48h (18- and 4-fold, respectively; p<0.05) compared to not treated controls (NTC). Irradiated C1498 subcutaneous tumors displayed increased CD11b-positive cells (9-fold; p<0.001), CD11c (6-fold; p<0.001), and MHCII-positive CD11c cells (4-fold; p<0.01) in irradiated tumors compared to NTC. Irradiation of subcutaneous C1498 tumors increased median survival in mice also injected with C1498 cells intravenously compared to non-irradiated mice bearing systemic leukemias (46 vs. 25 days; p<0.01). Irradiation of C1498 tumors combined with anti-PDL1 treatment further increased median survival in our leukemia model compared to untreated controls (>50 vs. <30 days; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Irradiated extramedullary AML increased immunogenic markers and activation of immune effector cells that correlated with increased survival in mice also bearing systemic leukemia. These results suggest focal irradiation of extramedullary AML may facilitate eradiation of systemic leukemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R Saenz
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Dabaja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - G Fang
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - N Daver
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H M Kantarjian
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong Z, Li G, Zhang K, Kou Z, Zhang Y, Zhan S, Huang Y, Fang G. BSFbase: The comprehensive genomic resource for a natural recycler, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.). Insect Sci 2023; 30:1011-1016. [PMID: 37526240 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongqing Kou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tong D, Zhang L, Wu N, Xie D, Fang G, Coates BS, Sappington TW, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Xia J, Jiang X, Zhan S. The oriental armyworm genome yields insights into the long-distance migration of noctuid moths. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111843. [PMID: 36543122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, is known for its long-distance seasonal migration and environment-dependent phase polymorphisms. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome reference and integrate multi-omics, functional genetics, and behavioral assays to explore the genetic bases of the hallmark traits of M. separata migration. Gene family comparisons show expansion of gustatory receptor genes in this cereal crop pest. Functional investigation of magnetoreception-related genes and associated flight behaviors suggest that M. separata may use the geomagnetic field to guide orientation in its nocturnal flight. Comparative transcriptome characterizes a suite of genes that may confer the observed plasticity between phases, including genes involved in protein processing, hormone regulation, and dopamine metabolism. We further report molecular signatures that underlie the dynamic regulation of a migratory syndrome coordinating reproduction and flight. Our study yields insights into environment-dependent developmental plasticity in moths and advances our understanding of long-distance migration in nocturnal insect pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dianjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Brad S Coates
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Science Hall II, 2310 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Thomas W Sappington
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Science Hall II, 2310 Pammel Dr., Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yueqiu Liu
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Fang G, Xu P, Gao B, Liu X, Qi X, Zhang G, Cao S, Li Z, Ren X, Wang H, Cao Y, Pereira R, Huang Y, Niu C, Zhan S. Behavioral and genomic divergence between a generalist and a specialist fly. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
6
|
France G, Volianskis R, Ingram R, Bannister N, Rothärmel R, Irvine MW, Fang G, Burnell ES, Sapkota K, Costa BM, Chopra DA, Dravid SM, Michael-Titus AT, Monaghan DT, Georgiou J, Bortolotto ZA, Jane DE, Collingridge GL, Volianskis A. Differential regulation of STP, LTP and LTD by structurally diverse NMDA receptor subunit-specific positive allosteric modulators. Neuropharmacology 2022; 202:108840. [PMID: 34678377 PMCID: PMC8803579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Different types of memory are thought to rely on different types of synaptic plasticity, many of which depend on the activation of the N-Methyl-D Aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the possibility of using positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) as cognitive enhancers. Here we firstly review the evidence that NMDA receptor-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity: short-term potentiation (STP), long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) can be pharmacologically differentiated by using NMDAR ligands. These observations suggest that PAMs of NMDAR function, depending on their subtype selectivity, might differentially regulate STP, LTP and LTD. To test this hypothesis, we secondly performed experiments in rodent hippocampal slices with UBP714 (a GluN2A/2B preferring PAM), CIQ (a GluN2C/D selective PAM) and UBP709 (a pan-PAM that potentiates all GluN2 subunits). We report here, for the first time, that: (i) UBP714 potentiates sub-maximal LTP and reduces LTD; (ii) CIQ potentiates STP without affecting LTP; (iii) UBP709 enhances LTD and decreases LTP. We conclude that PAMs can differentially regulate distinct forms of NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity due to their subtype selectivity. This article is part of the Neuropharmacology Special Issue on ‘Glutamate Receptors – NMDA receptors’. NMDAR-dependent STP, LTP and LTD can be dissociated pharmacologically GluN2A/2B PAM UBP714 potentiates LTP and reduces LTD GluN2C/D PAM CIQ potentiates STP without affecting LTP NMDAR pan-PAM UBP709 potentiates LTD and reduces LTP
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G France
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Volianskis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Ingram
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - N Bannister
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Rothärmel
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M W Irvine
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G Fang
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E S Burnell
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - K Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - B M Costa
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA & Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - D A Chopra
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - S M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - A T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - D T Monaghan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - J Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z A Bortolotto
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D E Jane
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G L Collingridge
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Volianskis
- Schools of Clinical Sciences and Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Fang G, Chen X, Cao Y, Wu N, Cui Q, Zhu C, Qian L, Huang Y, Zhan S. The genome of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 139:103665. [PMID: 34624466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The black cutworm (BCW), Agrotis ipsilon, is a worldwide polyphagous and underground pest that causes a high level of economic loss to a wide range of crops through the damage of roots. This species performs non-directed migration throughout East and Southeast Asia seasonally. Lack of a genome information has limited further studies on its unique biology and the development of novel management approaches. In this study, we present a 476 Mb de novo assembly of BCW, along with a consensus gene set of 14,801 protein-coding gene models. Quality controls show that both genome assembly and annotations are high-quality and mostly complete. We focus manual annotation and comparative genomics on gene families that related to the unique attributes of this species, such as nocturnality, long-distance migration, and host adaptation. We find that the BCW genome encodes a similar gene repertoire in various migration-related gene families to the diural migratory butterfly Danaus plexiipus, with additional copies of long wavelength opsin and two eye development-related genes. On the other hand, we find that the genomes of BCW and many other polyphagous lepidopterans encode many more gustatory receptor genes, particularly the lineage-specific expanded bitter receptor genes, than the mono- or oligo-phagous species, suggesting a common role of gustatory receptors (GRs) expansion in host range expansion. The availability of a BCW genome provides valuable resources to study the molecular mechanisms of non-directed migration in lepidopteran pests and to develop novel strategies to control migratory nocturnal pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi'en Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanghui Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lansa Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fang G, Zhang Q, Chen X, Cao Y, Wang Y, Qi M, Wu N, Qian L, Zhu C, Huang Y, Zhan S. The draft genome of the Asian corn borer yields insights into ecological adaptation of a devastating maize pest. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 138:103638. [PMID: 34428581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Asian corn borer (ACB) is the most devastating pest on maize in the western Pacific region of Asia. Despite broad interests in insecticide resistance, seasonal adaptation, and larval color mimicry regarding the ACB system, lacking of reference genomic information and a powerful gene editing approach have hindered the in-depth studies of these aspects. Here we present a 455.7 Mb draft genome of ACB with 98.4% completeness. Comparative genomics analysis showed an evident expansion in gene families of gustatory receptors (105), which is related to polyphagous characteristics. Based on the comparative transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible ACB against Bt Cry1Ab toxin, we identified 26 genes related to Cry1Ab resistance. Additionally, transcriptomics of insects exposed to conditions of low temperature and diapause (LT) vs. room temperature and diapause (RT) provided insights into the genetic mechanisms of cold adaptation. We also successfully developed an efficient CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system and applied it to explore the role of color pattern genes in the ecological adaptation of ACB. Taken together, our study provides a fully annotated high-quality reference genome and efficient gene editing system to realize the potential of ACB as a study system to address important biological questions such as insecticide resistance, seasonal adaptation, and coloration. These valuable genomic resources will also benefit the development of novel strategies for maize pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xi'en Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanghui Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengmeng Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lansa Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Fang G, Pang L, Sheng Y, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Lu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Shi M, Chen X, Zhan S, Huang J. Neofunctionalization of an ancient domain allows parasites to avoid intraspecific competition by manipulating host behaviour. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5489. [PMID: 34531391 PMCID: PMC8446075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific competition is a major force in mediating population dynamics, fuelling adaptation, and potentially leading to evolutionary diversification. Among the evolutionary arms races between parasites, one of the most fundamental and intriguing behavioural adaptations and counter-adaptations are superparasitism and superparasitism avoidance. However, the underlying mechanisms and ecological contexts of these phenomena remain underexplored. Here, we apply the Drosophila parasite Leptopilina boulardi as a study system and find that this solitary endoparasitic wasp provokes a host escape response for superparasitism avoidance. We combine multi-omics and in vivo functional studies to characterize a small set of RhoGAP domain-containing genes that mediate the parasite's manipulation of host escape behaviour by inducing reactive oxygen species in the host central nervous system. We further uncover an evolutionary scenario in which neofunctionalization and specialization gave rise to the novel role of RhoGAP domain in avoiding superparasitism, with an ancestral origin prior to the divergence between Leptopilina specialist and generalist species. Our study suggests that superparasitism avoidance is adaptive for a parasite and adds to our understanding of how the molecular manipulation of host behaviour has evolved in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Pang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan Y, Fang G, Wang Z, Cao Y, Liu Y, Li G, Liu X, Xiao Q, Zhan S. Chromosome-level genome reference and genome editing of the tea geometrid. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:2034-2049. [PMID: 33738922 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tea geometrid is a destructive insect pest on tea plants, which seriously affects tea production in terms of both yield and quality and causes severe economic losses. The tea geometrid also provides an important study system to address the ecological adaptive mechanisms underlying its unique host plant adaptation and protective resemblance. In this study, we fully sequenced and de novo assembled the reference genome of the tea geometrid, Ectropis grisescens, using long sequencing reads. We presented a highly continuous, near-complete genome reference (787.4 Mb; scaffold N50: 26.9 Mb), along with the annotation of 18,746 protein-coding genes and 53.3% repeat contents. Importantly, we successfully placed 97.8% of the assembly in 31 chromosomes based on Hi-C interactions and characterized the sex chromosome based on sex-biased sequencing coverage. Multiple quality-control assays and chromosome-scale synteny with the model species all supported the high quality of the presented genome reference. We focused biological annotations on gene families related to the host plant adaptation and camouflage in the tea geometrid and performed comparisons with other representative lepidopteran species. Important findings include the E. grisescens-specific expansion of CYP6 P450 genes that might be involved in metabolism of tea defensive chemicals and unexpected massive expansion of gustatory receptor gene families that suggests potential polyphagy for this tea pest. Furthermore, we developed an efficient genome editing system based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology and successfully implement mutagenesis of a Hox gene in the tea geometrid. Our study provides key genomic resources both for exploring unique mechanisms underlying the ecological adaptation of tea geometrids and for developing environment-friendly strategies for tea pest management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Tea Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Tea Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang J, Chen J, Fang G, Pang L, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Pan Z, Zhang Q, Sheng Y, Lu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Shi M, Chen X, Zhan S. Two novel venom proteins underlie divergent parasitic strategies between a generalist and a specialist parasite. Nat Commun 2021; 12:234. [PMID: 33431897 PMCID: PMC7801585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitoids are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems. Parasitic strategies are highly diverse among parasitoid species, yet their underlying genetic bases are poorly understood. Here, we focus on the divergent adaptation of a specialist and a generalist drosophilid parasitoids. We find that a novel protein (Lar) enables active immune suppression by lysing the host lymph glands, eventually leading to successful parasitism by the generalist. Meanwhile, another novel protein (Warm) contributes to a passive strategy by attaching the laid eggs to the gut and other organs of the host, leading to incomplete encapsulation and helping the specialist escape the host immune response. We find that these diverse parasitic strategies both originated from lateral gene transfer, followed with duplication and specialization, and that they might contribute to the shift in host ranges between parasitoids. Our results increase our understanding of how novel gene functions originate and how they contribute to host adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Pan
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu J, Luo X, Fang G, Zhan S, Wu J, Wang D, Huang Y. Transgenic expression of antimicrobial peptides from black soldier fly enhance resistance against entomopathogenic bacteria in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 127:103487. [PMID: 33068728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are effective molecules produced by the innate immune system of most organisms to fend off invading microbes and regarded as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics due to their potent antimicrobial activities. The larvae of black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, inhabit microbe-rich environments and its insect genome encodes a broad repertoire of AMPs. In the present study, three AMPs encoded by BSF Hidefensin-1, Hidiptericin-1 and HiCG13551 were cloned, expressed and purified in a recombinant Escherichia coli expression system. In vitro, both Hidefensin-1 and Hidiptericin-1 inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, while HiCG13551 inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. Transmission electron microscopy showed that Hidiptericin-1 inhibited bacterial growth through bacterial membrane lysis. We also constructed a transgenic silkworm line constitutively expressing an AMP cassette HiAMP4516 encoding all the three AMPs, and the silkworms showed an increased resistance to both gram-positive and gram-negative entomopathogenic bacteria. These results provide insights into the antibacterial activities of BSF AMPs both in vitro and in vivo and suggest a great potential of exploiting insect-derived AMPs in silkworm disease resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Institute of Entomology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xingyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jun Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Dun Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma S, Xian M, Yang B, Fang G, Lou H, Yu W, Wang X, Xian J, Song X, Fan E, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang C. Pathological changes from the originating to the peripheral sites of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma are the underlying mechanisms of preoperative MRI-tumor origin prediction. Rhinology 2020; 58:59-65. [PMID: 31448805 DOI: 10.4193/rhin19.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that convoluted cerebriform pattern (CCP)-based reverse tracing method in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a reliable tool in predicting originating site of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP). This study aimed to determine the underlying pathological mechanism of the preoperative MRI-CCP reverse tracing method by assessing the histopathological changes from the origin to the peripheral sites of SNIP. METHODOLOGY The originating site of SNIP was predicted by preoperative MRI in 30 consecutive patients suspected to have primary SNIP. Samples of SNIP originating and peripheral sites were processed by pathological staining for evaluation of stroma score, micro-vessel density (MVD), and tight junction proteins (claudin-5, zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and occludin) expression. RESULTS The originating site of SNIP was accurately predicted by preoperative MRI in all patients. Stroma scores, and MVD were significantly greater in the periphery of SNIP than in the originating site. In contrast, Claudin-5 expression in micro-vessels was greater at the originating site than the periphery. CONCLUSIONS More edematous stroma and intensive micro-vessels with defective tight junction in periphery of SNIP result in more contrast agent diffusing and CCP that can only be observed at the periphery of SNIP on T2 and contrast-enhanced T1 weighted MR images, which may be the mechanisms underlying the CCP reverse tracing method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - M Xian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - B Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - G Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing DiTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - H Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - W Yu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - X Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of nasal diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - X Song
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - E Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of nasal diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of nasal diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, PR China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Radiology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang L, Fang G, Yu W, Yang B, Wang C, Zhang L. Prediction of malignant sinonasal inverted papilloma transformation by preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Rhinology 2020; 58:248-256. [PMID: 32441707 DOI: 10.4193/rhin19.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate preoperative prediction of the malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is essential for radical resection of tumours and prevention of recurrence. We here explored the predictive value of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODOLOGY The study was performed on 268 patients with SNIP with (n = 78) or without (n = 190) coexistent malignant transformation. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis method to screen for independent risk factors, and established a nomogram model. Finally, using receiver operating characteristic curves, we assessed the diagnostic value of the independent risk factors for malignant transformation of SNIP. RESULTS We identified bone erosion on CT, change in convoluted cerebriform pattern (CCP) on MRI, and washout-type time intensity curve (TIC) of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI were independent predictors of malignant transformation of SNIP. The scores of these three independent risk factors from the nomogram model were 10, 7 and 8, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting SNIP malignancy was 0.954 for the nomogram model, 0.826 for bone erosion, 0.776 for washout-type TIC, and 0.810 for CCP mutation. CONCLUSIONS Of the independent risk factors and related combination identified, the nomogram model based on bone destruction on CT, CCP mutation on MRI, and washout-type TIC of DCE-MRI had the best predictive value for malignant transformation of SNIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of nasal diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing DiTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - G Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing DiTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - W Yu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - B Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of nasal diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhan S, Fang G, Cai M, Kou Z, Xu J, Cao Y, Bai L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Luo X, Xu J, Xu X, Zheng L, Yu Z, Yang H, Zhang Z, Wang S, Tomberlin JK, Zhang J, Huang Y. Genomic landscape and genetic manipulation of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens, a natural waste recycler. Cell Res 2020; 30:50-60. [PMID: 31767972 PMCID: PMC6951338 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is renowned for its bioconversion of organic waste into a sustainable source of animal feed. We report a high-quality genome of 1.1 Gb and a consensus set of 16,770 gene models for this beneficial species. Compared to those of other dipteran species, the BSF genome has undergone a substantial expansion in functional modules related to septic adaptation, including immune system factors, olfactory receptors, and cytochrome P450s. We further profiled midgut transcriptomes and associated microbiomes of BSF larvae fed with representative types of organic waste. We find that the pathways related to digestive system and fighting infection are commonly enriched and that Firmicutes bacteria dominate the microbial community in BSF across all diets. To extend its potential practical applications, we further developed an efficient CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing approach and implemented this to yield flightless and enhanced feeding capacity phenotypes, both of which could expand BSF production capabilities. Our study provides valuable genomic and technical resources for optimizing BSF lines for industrialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zongqing Kou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanghui Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongmao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingyu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Institute of Entomology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- School of Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Sibao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jeffery K Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang T, Yuan D, Xie J, Lei Y, Li J, Fang G, Tian L, Liu J, Cui Y, Zhang M, Xiao Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Zhu M, Zhan S, Li S. Evolution of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in animals. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:2548-2556. [PMID: 31397867 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays essential roles in animal development and disease progression. Here, we characterize the evolutionary pattern of the canonical cholesterol biosynthesis pathway (CBP) in the animal kingdom using both genome-wide analyses and functional experiments. CBP genes in the basal metazoans were inherited from their last common eukaryotic ancestor and evolutionarily conserved for cholesterol biosynthesis. The genomes of both the basal metazoans and deuterostomes retain almost the full set of CBP genes, while Cnidaria and many protostomes have independently experienced multiple massive losses of CBP genes that might be due to the geologic events during the Ediacaran period, such as the appearance of an exogenous sterol supply and the frequent perturbation of ocean oxygenation. Meanwhile, the indispensable utilization processes of cholesterol potentially strengthened the maintenance of the complete set of CBP genes in vertebrates. These results strengthen both biotic and abiotic roles in the macroevolution of a biosynthesis pathway in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongwei Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxing Lei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Youli Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Maoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Quan Q, Hu X, Pan B, Zeng B, Wu N, Fang G, Cao Y, Chen X, Li X, Huang Y, Zhan S. Draft genome of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 105:25-32. [PMID: 30590189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover is a worldwide agricultural pest that feeds on cotton, melon, and other landscape plants, causing a high level of economic loss. In addition to the common characteristics shared with other aphids, Ap. gossypii has evolved multiple biotypes that present substantial differences in host adaption. These intriguing biological features are of interest from both a fundamental and applied perspective. However, the molecular studies of Ap. gossypii have been restrained by the lack of a reference genome. Furthermore, in order to establish a platform for the development of novel and sustainable control methods, it is necessary to generate genomic resources for Ap. gossypii. Here, we present a 294 Mb draft genome sequence of Ap. gossypii, which consists of 4,724 scaffolds with an N50 size of 438 kb. Compared to other aphid species with published genomes, Ap. gossypii presents the most compact genome size. A total of 14,694 protein-coding genes were predicted and annotated in the consensus gene set, 98.03% of CEGMA genes and 93.5% of BUSCO genes were captured respectively. Genome-wide selection analyses revealed that significantly evolving pathways in the genus Aphis are related to biological processes of detoxification, steroid biosynthesis, and ethylbenzene degradation. The acquisition of the genome of Ap. gossypii makes it possible to understand the molecular mechanism of intricate biological traits of this species, and will further facilitate the study of aphid evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Quan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bohu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baosheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanghui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China; Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiang H, Liu X, Li M, Zhu Y, Wang L, Cui Y, Liu L, Fang G, Qian H, Xu A, Wang W, Zhan S. The evolutionary road from wild moth to domestic silkworm. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1268-1279. [PMID: 29967484 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Silk Road, which derives its name from the trade of silk produced by the domestic silkworm Bombyx mori, was an important episode in the development and interaction of human civilizations. However, the detailed history behind silkworm domestication remains ambiguous, and little is known about the underlying genetics with respect to important aspects of its domestication. Here, we reconstruct the domestication processes and identify selective sweeps by sequencing 137 representative silkworm strains. The results present an evolutionary scenario in which silkworms may have been initially domesticated in China as trimoulting lines, then subjected to independent spreads along the Silk Road that gave rise to the development of most local strains, and further improved for modern silk production in Japan and China, having descended from diverse ancestral sources. We find that genes with key roles in nitrogen and amino acid metabolism may have contributed to the promotion of silk production, and that circadian-related genes are generally selected for their adaptation. We additionally identify associations between several candidate genes and important breeding traits, thereby advancing the applicable value of our resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muwang Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ya'nan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology and School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heying Qian
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Anying Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China. .,Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shuai Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang T, Zheng X, Fang G, Pan Y, Wang W, Wu M. A novel electrolyte additive for improving the interfacial stability of LiMn2O4 cathode lithium-ion batteries at elevated temperature. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38831-38835. [PMID: 35558326 PMCID: PMC9090668 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanesulfonic acid 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl (TFPMS) is newly explored as a protection additive to improve the interfacial stability of LiMn2O4 cathode/electrolyte at an elevated temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - X. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - G. Fang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Y. Pan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - W. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - M. Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yan E, Fang G. THE FACE OF ELDER ABUSE IN ASIA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Yan
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - G. Fang
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yan E, Fang G. ABUSE OF OLDER CHINESE BY FAMILY CAREGIVERS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Yan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
| | - G. Fang
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fang G, Wan L, Mei W, Yu HH, Luo AL. The minimum effective concentration (MEC90) of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:700-5. [PMID: 26945818 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - L. Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - W. Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - H. H. Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - A. L. Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qu Z, Fang G, Cui Z, Liu Y. Cell therapy for bone nonunion: a retrospective study. Minerva Med 2015; 106:315-321. [PMID: 26605555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to report our experience in augmenting nonunion both with bone marrow mononuclear cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and conventional surgical approaches; and for clinical applications, a simple, safe, and reproducible method to effectively treat bone mass loss disease. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on stem cell-treated bone nonunion patients from October 1, 2007 to October 1, 2009. Nine patients were categorized into two groups: group 1 consists of 3 patients who received autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation; group 2 consists of 6 patients who received umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) transplantation. All patients accepted conventional surgical treatment and X-ray supervised at 3, 6, and 12 months or so after transplantation, while T cells' subtype was analyzed. RESULTS All patients were followed up for 36 months through recheck Out-patient Department and X-ray examination to observe the fracture healing. The mean time for clinical healing was comparable in both groups. The mean time of fracture lines blurred partly, continuous bone callus formation, marrow flow was 3.5M, 6.2M, and 9.1M, respectively, in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) treatment group. The compared healing times were 3.8 M, 7.1M and 10.6 months in autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation, respectively. The serum levels of CD4, CD56, and HLA-DR in hUC-MSCs graft group were negative, while the serum level of CD8 was 7.8% positive. Clearly, there was no significant difference in the percent of T subsets between the 2 groups of T cells' subtype. CONCLUSION Our study showed that patients treated by allograft-augmentation had no complications, reduced treatment- dissatisfaction. The use of hUC-MSCs should be offered to suitable patients in the preoperative consultation as a valuable alternative for autologous grafting and larger clinical trials should be considered in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Siping Hospital of China Medical University, Siping, Jilin, China -
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo X, Fang G, Li G, Ma H, Fan H, Yu L, Ma C, Wu X, Deng D, Wei M, Tan D, Si R, Zhang S, Li J, Sun L, Tang Z, Pan X, Bao X. Direct, Nonoxidative Conversion of Methane to Ethylene, Aromatics, and Hydrogen. Science 2014; 344:616-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1253150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 905] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
25
|
Li H, Liang B, Fang G, Gang, Mu F, Xu K, Lizhi N. P0073 Image-guided percutaneous argon–helium cryoablation for painful bone tumours. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Guo Y, Liao Y, Fang G, Dong J, Li Z. Increased nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) transcriptional activity links the regulation of insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:883-8. [PMID: 23765387 DOI: 10.3275/9000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The protein nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) has been recently identified as a novel satiety regulator. However, its pathophysiological role in humans remains unknown. The aims of the present study are to explore whether plasma NUCB2-1 and NUCB2 transcription activity are increased in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM) and, if so, whether changing NUCB2-1 level is a physiologic response or a compensatory mechanism for impaired insulin action. The nT2DM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and healthy people (NGT, normal glucose tolerance) groups were enrolled in this study. The peripheral and hepatic insulin actions in rats with intracerebroventricular (ICV) NUCB2-1 administration were examined by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. Plasma NUCB2-1 levels were elevated in subjects with both nT2DM and IGT compared with normal controls. NUCB2 mRNA and protein contents of muscle and adipose tissues in T2DM patients were also significantly increased compared to controls. ICV NUCB2-1 infusion in rats inhibited hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity, and this was sufficient to induce insulin sensitivity in the liver and peripheral tissues during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. In T2DM patients, there were increases in plasma NUCB2-1 levels and increases in NUCB2 mRNA and protein contents in muscle and adipose tissues. These increases are presumably a compensatory response to defective insulin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 402160 Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song D, Fang G, Mao SZ, Ye X, Liu G, Gong Y, Liu SF. Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces atherosclerosis by NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:1650-9. [PMID: 22846605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) causes atherosclerosis in mice fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD). The mechanisms by which CIH promotes atherosclerosis are incompletely understood. This study defined the mechanistic role of NF-κB pathway in CIH+HCD induced atherosclerosis. Wild type (WT) and mice deficient in the p50 subunit of NF-κB (p50-KO) were fed normal chow diet (ND) or HCD, and exposed to sham or CIH. Atherosclerotic lesions on the en face aortic preparation and cross-sections of aortic root were examined. In WT mice, neither CIH nor HCD exposure alone caused, but CIH+HCD caused evident atherosclerotic lesions on both preparations after 20weeks of exposure. WT mice on ND and exposed to CIH for 35.6weeks did not develop atherosclerotic lesions. P50 gene deletion diminished CIH+HCD induced NF-κB activation and abolished CIH+HCD induced atherosclerosis. P50 gene deletion inhibited vascular wall inflammation, reduced hepatic TNF-α level, attenuated the elevation in serum cholesterol level and diminished macrophage foam cell formation induced by CIH+HCD exposure. These results demonstrate that inhibition of NF-κB activation abrogates the activation of three major atherogenic mechanisms associated with an abolition of CIH+HCD induced atherosclerosis. NF-κB may be a central common pathway through which CIH+HCD exposure activates multiple atherogenic mechanisms, leading to atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Song
- Centers for Heart and Lung Research and Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maurer T, Garrenton L, Oh A, Pitts K, Skelton N, Fauber B, Pan B, Malek S, Stokoe D, Bowman K, Wu J, Giannetti A, Starovasnik M, Mellman I, Jackson P, Rudolph J, Wang W, Fang G. Abstract IA24: Drugging the undruggable: Small-molecule inhibition of Ras oncoprotein. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.fbcr11-ia24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ras is a nucleotide-dependent switch that converts from an inactive GDP-bound state to an active GTP-bound state when activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, such as SOS. Active RasGTP then binds to and activates downstream signaling effectors. Ras is the most frequently mutated oncogene and hyperactive mutant Ras constitutively signals to effectors to promote cell survival, proliferation and metastasis. Thus, Ras oncoprotein has been considered by the cancer community to be one of the most important oncology drug targets. Despite the enormous interest and extensive exploratory efforts in industry and academia, small molecules that bind to Ras in a well-defined manner and exert inhibitory effects have not been uncovered to date. We report here the identification and characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of the Ras oncoprotein.
To explore a new means of directly targeting Ras, we used a fragment-based lead discovery approach via an NMR-based screen. Hits from the fragment screen were characterized for their interactions with Ras by NMR and X-ray crystallography and for their effects on Ras activation and signaling in reconstituted biochemical assays in vitro and in cellular assays in vivo. From the fragment-based screen, we identified a group of small molecules that each bind to a common site adjacent to the switch I/II regions in the Ras protein. X-ray crystallography studies of three compound-Ras complexes indicate that the binding site can be expanded upon ligand binding. Nucleotide exchange factors, notably SOS, are required to convert inactive RasGDP to active RasGTP. We determined that the compound-binding site is located at the interface of Ras and SOS. A subset of our Ras-binding molecules indeed inhibited SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange. Further mechanistic studies revealed that through steric hindrance the compounds block the formation of the Ras-SOS complex, a key intermediate of the exchange reaction. At the cellular level, our compounds inhibit the formation of active RasGTP and prevent Ras signaling to downstream effectors. To define the potential clinic utility of these compounds, we performed biological characterization of Ras-driven tumors and identified a subset of Ras mutant tumors that depend on nucleotide exchange factors for the activation of Ras, suggesting a specific profile for the use of exchange inhibitors.
We conclude that the compounds act as competitive inhibitors of nucleotide exchange to prevent the activation of Ras. The discovery of a binding pocket on Ras with functional significance represents a breakthrough finding that will offer a new direction for therapeutic intervention of Ras. Our findings provide new opportunities to target the “undruggable” Ras oncoprotein.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Maurer
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - A. Oh
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - K. Pitts
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - B. Pan
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - S. Malek
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - D. Stokoe
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - J. Wu
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - I. Mellman
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - J. Rudolph
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - W. Wang
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| | - G. Fang
- 1Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fang G, Maurer T, Garrenton L, Skelton N, Fauber B, Malek S, Giannetti A, Jackson P, Rudolph J, Wang W. Drugging the Undruggable Small-molecule Inhibition of Ras Oncoprotein. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Fang G, Li H, Liu X, Wu S. Experimental Investigation of Performances of Microcapsule Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Li N, Fang G, Zhao L, Wang S. Determination of arsenic in foods by flow injection on-line sorption pre-concentration with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:839-46. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030902774631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
32
|
Chao E, Fang G, Beneke M, Ruchala K, Olivera G. SU-GG-J-144: Photon Detection Efficiency of TomoTherapy® Array Detectors and Impact On MVCT Image Quality. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
33
|
Abstract
In a variety of tasks performed in construction sites, coordinated operations of multi-vehicles are foreshadowed to outperform the deployment of a single vehicle in terms of increased capacity and flexibility. This paper presents the application of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in deriving drive commands, speed and turning, for the vehicles such that they are steered into and maintained in desirable formations according to an assigned task. The PSO is adopted for its implementation simplicity and relaxing the need for analytical system models. To this end, the coordination of vehicles is posed as an optimization problem minimizing the translational and angular errors between the current vehicle positions and their corresponding targets. Inter-vehicle collisions are mitigated, in this work, by employing a behavioural-based reactive scheme together with a dynamical index rescheduling procedure. Simulation results for coordinated multi-vehicle motions, in benchmark formation patterns, are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Kwok
- ARC Centre for Autonomous Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Q. P. Ha
- ARC Centre for Autonomous Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - G. Fang
- School of Engineering, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Joglekar N, Joshi S, Kakde M, Fang G, Cianciola M, Reynolds S, Mehendale S. Acceptability of PRO2000 vaginal gel among HIV un-infected women in Pune, India. AIDS Care 2007; 19:817-21. [PMID: 17573603 DOI: 10.1080/09540120601133576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acceptability of PRO2000 Gel, a candidate vaginal microbicide, among participants of its Phase I safety study in Pune, India is reported here. Forty-two eligible women were enrolled in a study requiring twice daily intra-vaginal product use for 14 consecutive days between menses. Acceptability was assessed at study exit through structured questionnaires among 41 participants who completed the product use, and five focus group discussions involving 31 study participants. The participants generally liked the product (40/41, 97.2%), especially its colour (40, 97.2%) and consistency (35, 85.3%). Thirty-four participants reported sexual intercourse within one hour of product use, at least once during the study period and sexual pleasure was reported to be better or unaffected among (30, 88.2%) participants. Nearly 70% did not like its smell and mentioned preference for a product that would be unnoticeable to the male partner. Participating women were concerned about privacy in usage and storage of the product. Acceptability of PRO2000 vaginal gel was good, but its smell will have to be improved. Counselling to address women's concerns about privacy and storage will be crucial. Women's preference for unnoticeable product indicates their empowerment and willingness to accept female-controlled options for HIV prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Joglekar
- National AIDS Research Institute, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Conforti L, Fang G, Beirowski B, Wang MS, Sorci L, Asress S, Adalbert R, Silva A, Bridge K, Huang XP, Magni G, Glass JD, Coleman MP. NAD(+) and axon degeneration revisited: Nmnat1 cannot substitute for Wld(S) to delay Wallerian degeneration. Cell Death Differ 2006; 14:116-27. [PMID: 16645633 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow Wallerian degeneration protein (Wld(S)), a fusion protein incorporating full-length nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (Nmnat1), delays axon degeneration caused by injury, toxins and genetic mutation. Nmnat1 overexpression is reported to protect axons in vitro, but its effect in vivo and its potency remain unclear. We generated Nmnat1-overexpressing transgenic mice whose Nmnat activities closely match that of Wld(S) mice. Nmnat1 overexpression in five lines of transgenic mice failed to delay Wallerian degeneration in transected sciatic nerves in contrast to Wld(S) mice where nearly all axons were protected. Transected neurites in Nmnat1 transgenic dorsal root ganglion explant cultures also degenerated rapidly. The delay in vincristine-induced neurite degeneration following lentiviral overexpression of Nmnat1 was significantly less potent than for Wld(S), and lentiviral overexpressed enzyme-dead Wld(S) still displayed residual neurite protection. Thus, Nmnat1 is significantly weaker than Wld(S) at protecting axons against traumatic or toxic injury in vitro, and has no detectable effect in vivo. The full protective effect of Wld(S) requires more N-terminal sequences of the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Conforti
- The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Law PK, Haider K, Fang G, Jiang S, Chua F, Lim YT, Sim E. Human VEGF165-myoblasts produce concomitant angiogenesis/myogenesis in the regenerative heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 263:173-8. [PMID: 15524178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering the regenerative heart may provide a novel treatment for heart failure. On May 14, 2002, a 55-year-old man suffering from ischemic myocardial infarction received 25 injections carrying 465 million cGMP-produced pure myoblasts into his myocardium after coronary artery bypass grafting. As on August 28, 2002, his EKG was normal and showed no arrhythmia. His ejection fraction increased by 13%. He no longer experienced shortness of breath and angina as he did before the treatment. Three myogenesis mechanisms were elucidated with 17 human/porcine xenografts using cyclosporine as immunosuppressant. Some myoblasts developed to become cardiomyocytes. Others transferred their nuclei into host cardiomyocytes through natural cell fusion. As yet others formed skeletal myofibers with satellite cells. De novo production of contractile filaments augmented the heart contractility. Human myoblasts transduced with VEGF165 gene produced six times more capillaries in porcine myocardium than in placebo. Xenograft rejection was not observed for up to 20 weeks despite cyclosporine discontinuation at 6 weeks. Pros and cons of autografts vs. allografts are compared to guide future development of heart cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Law
- Cell Therapy Research Foundation, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Law PK, Haider K, Fang G, Jiang S, Chua F, Lim Y, Sim E. Human VEGF165-myoblasts produce concomitant angiogenesis/myogenesis in the regenerative heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 263:173-8. [DOI: 10.1023/b:mcbi.0000041859.60354.f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Xu M, Zhang S, Li S, Wang T, Chen J, Ou N, Fang G, Wang Q, Li J, Zhang X. [Field application of oral artesunate for preventing Schistosoma japonicum infection]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2003; 17:241-3. [PMID: 12563776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the preventive effect of oral artesunate against S. japonicum infection. METHODS Residents in two pilots in the schistosomiasis endemic regions, 562 cases in Yanghe pilot, Wangjiang County and 218 cases in Shashan pilot, Guichi City, Anhui Province, were selected for this study. The residents were divided into two groups. Group I received artesunate 6 mg/kg once every 2 weeks for 4 times 2 wk after contacting with infested water from July to September in 1997. Group II received the same dosage of placebo at the corresponding times. Four weeks after the last administration, stool examination using hatching method and Kato's method was conducted to evaluate the effect. RESULTS In Yanghe pilot, 2 cases were hatching positive in the artesunate-treated group with an infection rate of 0.7% (2/273), while 11 cases were stool positive in placebo group with an infection rate of 3.8% (11/289) and a mean EPG of 26.40 +/- 1.49. In Shashan pilot, all cases in artesunate-treated group were stool negative, while 7 cases were stool positive in the placebo group with an infection rate of 6.3% (7/111), and a mean EPG of 14.23 +/- 2.14. The protection rate of artesunate was 80.9% and 100%, respectively, in the two pilots. CONCLUSION Artesunate can protect the residents from S. japonicum infection effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Xu
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis, Wuhu 241000
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fang G. Spectrophotometric determination of lead in vegetables with dibromo-p-methyl-carboxysulfonazo. Talanta 2002; 57:1155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(02)00195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2001] [Revised: 04/01/2002] [Accepted: 04/12/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Wang MS, Fang G, Culver DG, Davis AA, Rich MM, Glass JD. The WldS protein protects against axonal degeneration: a model of gene therapy for peripheral neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2001; 50:773-9. [PMID: 11761475 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The WldS mouse is a spontaneous mutant that is characterized by the phenotype of delayed degeneration of transected nerves (slow Wallerian degeneration). Molecular genetic analysis identified a mutation in this animal that codes for a unique protein expressed in brain tissue of WldS mice. We asked whether the WldS phenotype, in addition to delaying axonal degeneration after axotomy, might provide neuroprotection against toxic neuropathy. In dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures, neurites from WldS transiently exposed to vincristine not only resisted axonal degeneration but resumed growth after withdrawal of the toxin. Neurites from wild type mice died rapidly and did not recover. To prove that the identified mutation and its protein product are responsible for the WldS phenotype, we used an adenoviral gene transfer system to deliver the WldS to rat DRG neurons. Rat neurons expressing the WldS protein were resistant to vincristine-induced axonal degeneration, confirming the functional significance of the identified gene mutation. These data provide evidence that the WldS protein can be neuroprotective against vincristine neuropathy, and possibly other disorders characterized by axonal degeneration. In addition, delivery of this gene to wild type cells can transfer the WldS phenotype, providing the possibility of "gene therapy" for peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Wang
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fang G, Burger H, Chappey C, Rowland-Jones S, Visosky A, Chen CH, Moran T, Townsend L, Murray M, Weiser B. Analysis of transition from long-term nonprogressive to progressive infection identifies sequences that may attenuate HIV type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2001; 17:1395-404. [PMID: 11679152 DOI: 10.1089/088922201753197060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and its transition to progressive infection presents an opportunity to identify the molecular determinants of HIV-1 attenuation and pathogenesis. We studied an individual who underwent a transition from long-term nonprogressive to rapidly progressive infection. Because HIV-1 RNA genomes in plasma represent replicating virus, we developed a technique to clone full-length HIV-1 RNA genomes from plasma and used this technique to obtain clones from this individual before and during the transition. Most clones assayed were infectious, demonstrating that the RNA genomes encoded viable virus. Analysis of 20 complete HIV-1 RNA genomic sequences revealed one major difference between sequences found during the two phases of infection. During the nonprogressive phase, the predominant sequences had a large deletion in an Sp1-binding site and adjacent promoter in the U3 part of the long terminal repeat (LTR); when the infection became progressive, all viruses had intact Sp1 and promoter sequences and were derived from a minor species present earlier. Analysis of 184 clones of the LTR region obtained at five time points spanning a 7-year period confirmed this switch. In an in vitro assay, the deletion downregulated LTR-driven transcription of a reporter gene. In addition, analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes predicted from the complete viral RNA genomes revealed multiple potential escape mutants that accumulated by the time of progression. These studies suggest that during the nonprogressive phase, the Sp1 enhancer-promoter deletion is likely to have played a role in decreasing replication, thereby attenuating HIV-1. The accumulation of CTL escape mutants suggests that a breakdown in immunologic surveillance may have allowed proliferation of intact virus, thus leading to rapid disease progression. These data reveal the viral and immune interactions characterizing a transition from long-term nonprogressive to rapidly progressive infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shi J, Fang G, Sheng Y. [Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2001; 23:423-5. [PMID: 11810778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the value and indications of a neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancers. METHODS Forty-three breast cancer patients were given the NF neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (Navelbine 25 mg/m2 and 5-Fu 500 mg/m2) for 3 cycles before the operation. Epirubicin (EPI 40 mg/m2) was added in patients with locally advanced lesions. G-CSF 75 micrograms subcutaneous injection was used to increase the white count as needed. RESULTS The overall response rate was 95.0%. Pre-operative neo-adjuvant chemotherapy showed CR in 3 patients (7.5%) and PR in 35 patients (87.5%) even though 2 patients (5.0%) were refractory. The follow-up ranged from 4 to 37 months (median 20 months). All patients are alive though 4 have developed recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSION The pre-operative neo-adjuvant chemotherapy may preferably be given in 3 cycles from which those who benefit most are the breast cancer patients with inoperable lesions and who are planned to undergo breast-preserving surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Anaphase-promoting complex (APC), a ubiquitin ligase, controls both sister chromatid separation and mitotic exit. The APC is activated in mitosis and G1 by CDC20 and CDH1, and inhibited by the checkpoint protein MAD2, a specific inhibitor of CDC20. We show here that a MAD2 homolog MAD2B also inhibits APC. In contrast to MAD2, MAD2B inhibits both CDH1-APC and CDC20-APC. This inhibition is targeted to CDH1 and CDC20, but not directly to APC. Unlike MAD2, whose interaction with MAD1 is required for mitotic checkpoint control, MAD2B does not interact with MAD1, suggesting that MAD2B may relay a different cellular signal to APC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu Y, Yang W, Fang G. [Genetic analysis of hereditary factor VII deficiency from a Chinese pedigree]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2000; 80:904-6. [PMID: 11236630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the mutation in coagulation factor VII gene from a Chinese patient with hereditary coagulation factor VII deficiency. METHODS The genomic DNA fragments of FVII gene from a propositus and normal subjects were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and analyzed with direct sequencing of PCR products. The PCR amplified genomic DNA fragments of FVII gene from the propositus and her family members were analyzed using restriction enzyme Hgic I. RESULTS The FVII gene sequences of normal subjects were identical to the data published, while a missense mutation (TGT-->GGT) was found at codon 329 in FVII gene of the propositus. The heterozygous condition for the mutation was revealed in her three family members. CONCLUSION We have found a novel mutation (TGT-->GGT) at codon 329 in FVII gene of a patient with hereditary FVII deficiency, which leads to a cystein residue replaced by a glysine. PCR combined with restriction enzyme Hgic I digestion would be a rapid diagnostic method for this mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Research Laboratories, PLA Center for Laboratory Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint prevents errors in chromosome segregation by inhibiting anaphase onset until all chromosomes have aligned at the spindle equator through attachment of their sister kinetochores to microtubules from opposite spindle poles. A key checkpoint component is the mitotic arrest-deficient protein 2 (Mad2), which localizes to unattached kinetochores and inhibits activation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) through an interaction with Cdc20. Recent studies have suggested a catalytic model for kinetochore function where unattached kinetochores provide sites for assembling and releasing Mad2-Cdc20 complexes, which sequester Cdc20 and prevent it from activating the APC. To test this model, we examined Mad2 dynamics in living PtK1 cells that were either injected with fluorescently labeled Alexa 488-XMad2 or transfected with GFP-hMAD2. Real-time, digital imaging revealed fluorescent Mad2 localized to unattached kinetochores, spindle poles, and spindle fibers depending on the stage of mitosis. FRAP measurements showed that Mad2 is a transient component of unattached kinetochores, as predicted by the catalytic model, with a t(1/2) of approximately 24-28 s. Cells entered anaphase approximately 10 min after Mad2 was no longer detectable on the kinetochores of the last chromosome to congress to the metaphase plate. Several observations indicate that Mad2 binding sites are translocated from kinetochores to spindle poles along microtubules. First, Mad2 that bound to sites on a kinetochore was dynamically stretched in both directions upon microtubule interactions, and Mad2 particles moved from kinetochores toward the poles. Second, spindle fiber and pole fluorescence disappeared upon Mad2 disappearance at the kinetochores. Third, ATP depletion resulted in microtubule-dependent depletion of Mad2 fluorescence at kinetochores and increased fluorescence at spindle poles. Finally, in normal cells, the half-life of Mad2 turnover at poles, 23 s, was similar to kinetochores. Thus, kinetochore-derived sites along spindle fibers and at spindle poles may also catalyze Mad2 inhibitory complex formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Howell
- Department of Biology, CB#3280, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fang G, Kim CN, Perkins CL, Ramadevi N, Winton E, Wittmann S, Bhalla KN. CGP57148B (STI-571) induces differentiation and apoptosis and sensitizes Bcr-Abl-positive human leukemia cells to apoptosis due to antileukemic drugs. Blood 2000; 96:2246-53. [PMID: 10979973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation and apoptosis-sensitizing effects of the Bcr-Abl-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor CGP57148B, also known as STI-571, were determined in human Bcr-Abl-positive HL-60/Bcr-Abl and K562 cells. First, the results demonstrate that the ectopic expression of the p185 Bcr-Abl fusion protein induced hemoglobin in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) HL-60 cells. Exposure to low-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C; 10 nmol/L) increased hemoglobin levels in HL-60/Bcr-Abl and in the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) blast crisis K562 cells, which express the p210 Bcr-Abl protein. As compared with HL-60/neo, HL-60/Bcr-Abl and K562 cells were resistant to apoptosis induced by Ara-C, doxorubicin, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which was associated with reduced processing of caspase-8 and Bid protein and decreased cytosolic accumulation of cytochrome c (cyt c). Exposure to CGP57148B alone increased hemoglobin levels and CD11b expression and induced apoptosis of HL-60/Bcr-Abl and K562 cells. CGP57148B treatment down-regulated antiapoptotic XIAP, cIAP1, and Bcl-x(L), without affecting Bcl-2, Bax, Apaf-1, Fas (CD95), Fas ligand, Abl, and Bcr-Abl levels. CGP57148B also inhibited constitutively active Akt kinase and NFkappaB in Bcr-Abl-positive cells. Attenuation of NFkappaB activity by ectopic expression of transdominant repressor of IkappaB sensitized HL-60/Bcr-Abl and K562 cells to TNF-alpha but not to apoptosis induced by Ara-C or doxorubicin. Importantly, cotreatment with CGP57148B significantly increased Ara-C- or doxorubicin-induced apoptosis of HL-60/Bcr-Abl and K562 cells. This was associated with greater cytosolic accumulation of cyt c and PARP cleavage activity of caspase-3. These in vitro data indicate that combinations of CGP57148B and antileukemic drugs such as Ara-C may have improved in vivo efficacy against Bcr-Abl-positive acute leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Fang
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Krijgsveld J, Zaat SA, Meeldijk J, van Veelen PA, Fang G, Poolman B, Brandt E, Ehlert JE, Kuijpers AJ, Engbers GH, Feijen J, Dankert J. Thrombocidins, microbicidal proteins from human blood platelets, are C-terminal deletion products of CXC chemokines. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:20374-81. [PMID: 10877842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.27.20374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial proteins are components of the innate immune system found in many organisms and produced by a variety of cell types. Human blood platelets contain a number of antibacterial proteins in their alpha-granules that are released upon thrombin activation. The present study was designed to purify these proteins obtained from human platelets and to characterize them chemically and biologically. Two antibacterial proteins were purified from platelet granules in a two-step protocol using cation exchange chromatography and continuous acid urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were designated thrombocidin (TC)-1 and TC-2. Characterization of these proteins using mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing revealed that TC-1 and TC-2 are variants of the CXC chemokines neutrophil-activating peptide-2 and connective tissue-activating peptide-III, respectively. TC-1 and TC-2 differ from these chemokines by a C-terminal truncation of 2 amino acids. Both TCs, but not neutrophil-activating peptide-2 and connective tissue-activating peptide-III, were bactericidal for Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactococcus lactis and fungicidal for Cryptococcus neoformans. Killing of B. subtilis by either TC appeared to be very rapid. Because TCs were unable to dissipate the membrane potential of L. lactis, the mechanism of TC-mediated killing most probably does not involve pore formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Krijgsveld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu Y, Wang Y, Lan F, Zhu Z, Fang G, Yang W. A novel missense mutation (C329Q) in factor VII gene. Blood 2000; 95:3638-40. [PMID: 10877552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
|