1
|
Wu Y, Wang Q, Yang W, Zhang S, Mao CX, He N, Zhou S, Zhou C, Liu W. The cluster digging behavior of larvae confers trophic benefits to fitness in insects. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:870-884. [PMID: 38161191 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Collective behaviors efficiently impart benefits to a diversity of species ranging from bacteria to humans. Fly larvae tend to cluster and form coordinated digging groups under crowded conditions, yet understanding the rules governing this behavior is in its infancy. We primarily took advantage of the Drosophila model to investigate cooperative foraging behavior. Here, we report that Drosophila-related species and the black soldier fly have evolved a conserved strategy of cluster digging in food foraging. Subsequently, we investigated relative factors, including larval stage, population density, and food stiffness and quality, that affect the cluster digging behavior. Remarkably, oxygen supply through the posterior breathing spiracles is necessary for the organization of digging clusters. More importantly, we theoretically devise a mathematical model to accurately calculate how the cluster digging behavior expands food resources by diving depth, cross-section area, and food volume. We found that cluster digging behavior approximately increases 2.2 fold depth, 1.7-fold cross-section area, and 1.9 fold volume than control groups, respectively. Amplification of food sources significantly facilitates survival, larval development, and reproductive success of Drosophila challenged with competition for limited food resources, thereby conferring trophic benefits to fitness in insects. Overall, our findings highlight that the cluster digging behavior is a pivotal behavior for their adaptation to food scarcity, advancing a better understanding of how this cooperative behavior confers fitness benefits in the animal kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Teacher Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weikang Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nana He
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Shaojie Zhou
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanming Zhou
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao HH, Zhao S, Wang RJ, Qin DY, Chen P, Zhang AS, Zhuang QY, Zhai YF, Zhou XH. Gut bacterium promotes host fitness in special ecological niche by affecting sugar metabolism in Drosophila suzukii. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1713-1733. [PMID: 36810869 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As an important fruit pest of global significance, Drosophila suzukii occupies a special ecological niche, with the characteristics of high sugar and low protein contents. This niche differs from those occupied by other fruit-damaging Drosophila species. Gut bacteria substantially impact the physiology and ecology of insects. However, the contribution of gut microbes to the fitness of D. suzukii in their special ecological niche remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Klebsiella oxytoca on the development of D. suzukii was examined at physiological and molecular levels. The results showed that, after the removal of gut microbiota, the survival rate and longevity of axenic D. suzukii decreased significantly. Reintroduction of K. oxytoca to the midgut of D. suzukii advanced the development level of D. suzukii. The differentially expressed genes and metabolites between axenic and K. oxytoca-reintroduced D. suzukii were enriched in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. This advancement was achieved through an increased glycolysis rate and the regulation of the transcript level of key genes in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Klebsiella oxytoca is likely to play an important role in increasing host fitness in their high-sugar ecological niche by stimulating the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. As a protein source, bacteria can also provide direct nutrition for D. suzukii, which depends on the quantity or biomass of K. oxytoca. This result may provide a new target for controlling D. suzukii by inhibiting sugar metabolism through eliminating the effect of K. oxytoca and thus disrupting the balance of gut microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Rui-Juan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dong-Yun Qin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - An-Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qian-Ying Zhuang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Hong Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park SJ, Ja WW. The basics of base sensing. Nat Metab 2023; 5:364-365. [PMID: 36941449 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet J Park
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mi T, Mack JO, Koolmees W, Lyon Q, Yochimowitz L, Teng ZQ, Jiang P, Montell C, Zhang YV. Alkaline taste sensation through the alkaliphile chloride channel in Drosophila. Nat Metab 2023; 5:466-480. [PMID: 36941450 PMCID: PMC10665042 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The sense of taste is an important sentinel governing what should or should not be ingested by an animal, with high pH sensation playing a critical role in food selection. Here we explore the molecular identities of taste receptors detecting the basic pH of food using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. We identify a chloride channel named alkaliphile (Alka), which is both necessary and sufficient for aversive taste responses to basic food. Alka forms a high-pH-gated chloride channel and is specifically expressed in a subset of gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs). Optogenetic activation of alka-expressing GRNs is sufficient to suppress attractive feeding responses to sucrose. Conversely, inactivation of these GRNs causes severe impairments in the aversion to high pH. Altogether, our discovery of Alka as an alkaline taste receptor lays the groundwork for future research on alkaline taste sensation in other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Mi
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John O Mack
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Quinn Lyon
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yali V Zhang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, The Diabetes Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Wang X, Guo Z, Liu X, Wang P, Yuan X, Li Y. Antibiotic Treatment Reduced the Gut Microbiota Diversity, Prolonged the Larval Development Period and Lessened Adult Fecundity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:838. [PMID: 36135539 PMCID: PMC9505179 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grapholita molesta, the oriental fruit moth, is a serious pest of fruit trees with host transfer characteristics worldwide. The gut microbiota, which plays a crucial part in insect physiology and ecology, can be influenced by many elements, such as antibiotics, temperature, diet, and species. However, the effects of antibiotics on G. molesta gut microbiota are still unclear. In this study, we selected five common antibiotic agents to test the inhibition of G. molesta gut microbiota, and found ciprofloxacin shown the best antibacterial activity. After feeding 1 μg/mL of ciprofloxacin, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria decreased significantly, while that of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased. PICRUSt2 analysis indicated that most functional prediction categories were enriched in the G. molesta gut, including amino acid transport and metabolism, translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, transcription, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, and energy production and conversion. Finally, ciprofloxacin feeding significantly affected larval growth, development, and reproduction, resulting in prolonged larval development duration, shortened adult longevity, and significantly decreased single female oviposition and egg hatchability. In addition, we isolated and purified some culturable bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and cellulase-producing bacteria from the G. molesta midgut. In brief, our results demonstrate that antibiotics can have an impact on G. molesta gut bacterial communities, which is beneficial for host growth and development, as well as helping female adults produce more fertile eggs. These results will thus provide a theoretical reference for developing new green control technology for G. molesta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zikun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Xiangqun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Aerobic Stability of Perennial Recut Broussonetia papyrifera Silage with Different Additives and Wilting Time. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera L. (paper mulberry) is an alternative woody plant, which can used to replace part of the protein feed for ruminants. Ensiling is an effective way to preserve fresh pasture and to solve the problem of stable storage and feed conversion of paper mulberry in the rapid growth period. However, low dry matter (DM), water-soluble carbohydrate, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) reduce the quality of paper mulberry silage. This study assesses the influence of wilting time (0 h and 3.5 h; lighting: 3.43 × 104 Lux) and three additives (Enterococcus durans, CL; cellulase, CE; and formic acid, FA) on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial community of whole plant B. papyrifera silage. The whole plant B. papyrifera sample was mowed and wilted for 0 h and 3.5 h, and then had CL, CE, or FA added, followed by 60 days of ensiling. The results show all silage samples had high fermentation quality with pH below 4.2, ammonia-nitrogen below 100 g/kg DM, and no detectable butyric acid. The additives protected the DM and the crude protein from protease activity (p < 0.05), and CL was the most effective among them. Furthermore, wilting time influenced the silage’s bacterial communities, but overall, CL treatment had the greatest impact on bacterial communities. Wilting time and formic acid treatment significantly improved aerobic stability (p < 0.05). Enterococcus was positively correlated with lactic acid (LA), while negatively correlated with LA and Weissella (p < 0.001). Enterococcus was identified as the main driver of the whole plant paper mulberry ensiling process in the present study. In conclusion, compared to other additives, LAB is the most effective and economical to improve the fermentation quality and reduce the protein degradation of whole plant paper mulberry silage. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to improve the quality and production of paper mulberry silage.
Collapse
|