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Ouyang G, Qian H, Sun J, Yang R, Gui T, Wang W, Liu Q, Chen A. Proteomics Analysis to Explore the Resistance Genes of Silkworm to Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 38254949 PMCID: PMC10815149 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The resistance of silkworms to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is controlled by a major dominant gene and multiple modifying genes. Given the presence of modified genes, it is difficult to determine the main gene by positional cloning. In this study, the main anti-BmNPV gene of BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety N was introduced into the susceptible variety Su to breed the near-isogenic line SuN with BmNPV resistance. The infection process of BmNPV in the hemolymph of Su and SuN was analyzed using the cell analysis system TissueFAXS PLUS. According to the law of infection and proliferation, hemolymph was extracted every 6 h for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Seven DEPs were found in comparisons between Su and SuN by 2-DE analysis. Among them, acid phosphatase, storage protein, and phenoloxidase can prevent pathogen invasion, which may play a role against BmNPV. Polyamine oxidase plays an important role in energy metabolism, which may be indirectly involved in the process of resisting BmNPV. Most of the transcriptional expression profiles of the seven DEPs were consistent with the 2-DE results. This study can provide a reference for the identification of anti-BmNPV genes and the breeding of BmNPV-resistant silkworm varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Heying Qian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Runhuan Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Tao Gui
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Wenbing Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Anli Chen
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
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Andoh V, Shi W, Ma S, Chen K, Yu Q. Cytotoxicity of AuCu-Cu 2S Nanocomposites: Implications for Biological Evaluation of the Nanocomposite Effect on Bombyx mori Silkworms and Cell Lines. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6745-6758. [PMID: 37956306 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AuCu-Cu2S nanocomposites are unique materials with exceptional properties that have recently received a lot of interest. However, little is known about their potential toxicity in terrestrial organisms and their subsequent effects on the environment. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective methodologies for evaluating AuCu-Cu2S nanocomposites in biological systems. This study reports the biological evaluation of the AuCu-Cu2S nanocomposite from animal and cell entity levels. The Bombyx mori silkworm was used as a model organism to study the effects of different concentrations of AuCu-Cu2S on silkworm development. Transcriptome analysis was also carried out to examine the genetic modulation exerted by the treatment. Moreover, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of AuCu-Cu2S were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE, human lung adenocarcinoma, and the insect Spodoptera frugiperda cell sf9 cell lines. The results showed that although AuCu-Cu2S at ≤400 ppm can prolong the eating habit of silkworms and promote the weight of the cocoon layer, there was an increase in silkworm mortality and a decrease in moth formation at a concentration of ≥800 ppm. The genetic regulation by AuCu-Cu2S treatment showed varying effects in the silkworm, primarily related to functions such as transport and catabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, xenobiotic biodegradation, amino acid, and carbohydrate. 16HBE, PC-9, and sf9 treated with 300 ppm of AuCu-Cu2S showed viability percentages of 60, 20, and 90%, respectively. Thus, AuCu-Cu2S at low concentrations serves as a safe and biocompatible material for the sf9 cell lines but is lethal to 16HBE and PC-9. This research could aid in understanding the biological effects and biocompatibility of AuCu-Cu2S nanocomposites, particularly in the field of biochemistry; however, the mechanisms involved need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Andoh
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
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Lin Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Liu L, Cai X, Lin J, Shu B. Characterization of the physiological, histopathological, and gene expression alterations in Spodoptera frugiperda larval midguts affected by toosendanin exposure. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105537. [PMID: 37666609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a polyphagous pest worldwide and feeds on many grain and cash crops, which threatens the safety of agriculture and forestry production. Toosendanin (TSN) is a commercial insecticidal active ingredient used to manage various pests in the field and showed adverse effects against S. frugiperda, while the effects of TSN on the larval midguts are not yet known. In this study, the effects of 10 and 20 mg/kg TSN exposures on the larval midguts were analyzed. The structural changes of the larval midgut induced by TSN treatments were also determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Besides, TSN treatments also changed the enzyme activities of three digestive enzymes (α-amylase, lipase, and trypsin) and two detoxification enzymes (CarE and GST). A total of 2868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-Seq in the larval midguts with 20 mg/kg TSN treatment, and the DEGs responsible for food digestion and detoxification were further examined. Our findings revealed the preliminary modes of action of TSN on the larval midguts of S. frugiperda, which provide a preliminary rationale for controlling S. frugiperda with TSN in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Liu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueming Cai
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu X, Chen X, Ye A, Cao J, He R, Pan M, Jin F, Ma H, Zhou W. Multi-tissue metabolomic profiling reveals potential mechanisms of cocoon yield in silkworms (Bombyx mori) fed formula feed versus mulberry leaves. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:977047. [PMID: 36060262 PMCID: PMC9428324 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.977047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of formula feed (FF) for silkworms for all instars, has promoted transformation and progress in traditional sericulture. However, the cocoon yield of FF silkworms has failed to reach that of silkworms fed mulberry leaves (ML). The biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been well described. This study aimed to identify metabolic mechanisms and potential biomarkers relating to the poor cocoon yield of FF silkworms. In this study, silkworms received treatments of either ML (ML group) or FF (FF group) for all instars. At the 3rd day of the 5th instar, the midgut (MG), hemolymph (HL) and posterior silk gland (PSG) were collected for the metabolome profiles detection. The remaining silkworms were fed ML or FF until cocooning for investigation. The whole cocoon yield (WCY) was significantly higher in the FF group than the ML group (p < 0.05), whereas the cocoon shell weight (CSW) and cocoon shell rate (CSR) were significantly lower in the FF group (p < 0.05). A total of 845, 867 and 831 metabolites were qualified and quantified in the MG, HL and PSG of the FF silkworms, respectively. Correspondingly, 789, 833 and 730 metabolites were quantified in above three tissues of the ML group. Further, 230, 249 and 304 significantly different metabolites (SDMs) were identified in the MG, HL and PSG between the FF and ML group, respectively. Eleven metabolic pathways enriched by the SDMs were mutual among the three tissues. Among them, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism were the top three pathways with the highest impact value in the PSG. Six biomarkers were obtained through biomarker analysis and Pearson correlation calculation. Among them, homocitrulline, glycitein, valyl-threonine, propyl gallate and 3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid were positively correlated with WCY, but negatively correlated with CSW and CSR (p < 0.05). An opposite correlation pattern was observed between 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and the three cocoon performance traits. Overall, three key metabolic pathways and six biomarkers associated with cocoon yield were interpreted, and should provide directions for formula feed optimization in factory-raised silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Wu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuedong Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aihong Ye
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinru Cao
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruimin He
- Shengzhou Mulsun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiliang Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Shengzhou Mulsun Biotech Co., Ltd., Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanyan Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlin Zhou
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wenlin Zhou,
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