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Lim WS, Kim MH, Park HJ, Lee MH. Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Composite Film-Forming Solutions and Resulting Films as Affected by Beeswax Content. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:310. [PMID: 38337201 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the food packaging industry has focused on developing an eco-friendly and sustainable food packaging system. This study describes the effect of beeswax on the physical, structural, and barrier properties of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyacrylic acid (PAA) composite film. The incorporation of beeswax improved the barrier properties against oxygen, water, and oil. However, the addition of a high content of beeswax caused phase separation in the film-forming solution. The destabilization mechanisms such as clarification and creaming formation in the film-forming solution were revealed by turbidimetric analysis. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) indicates that non-homogeneous structures in the film-forming solution were formed as a function of increased beeswax content due to the agglomeration of beeswax. The mechanical properties of the films were also evaluated to determine the most appropriate content of beeswax. There was a slight decrease in tensile strength and an increase in elongation as beeswax content increased up to 10%. Thus, the PVA/PAA composite film with 10% beeswax was chosen for further applications. In summary, the PVA/PAA composite film developed in this study with 10% beeswax exhibited a significant improvement in barrier properties and has the potential for use in commerce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Su Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ha Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyeock Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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2
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Hosseini SF, Mousavi Z, McClements DJ. Beeswax: A review on the recent progress in the development of superhydrophobic films/coatings and their applications in fruits preservation. Food Chem 2023; 424:136404. [PMID: 37257280 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the design and fabrication of bio-inspired superhydrophobic materials using natural lipid additives such as beeswax (BW) have aroused great attention in food packaging as they can minimize the transfer rate of water molecules and have effective moisture barriers. This review discusses the recent progress in the design and fabrication of BW-containing edible films/coatings (e.g., emulsion and blend films, bilayer materials, bionanocomposites, and antimicrobial materials) and their potential applications on the postharvest life and quality attributes of various fruits. Incorporation of BW into polysaccharides- and proteins-based emulsion films effectively improved their hydrophobicity, water vapor, and UV/visible light barrier properties, as well as the film tensile properties. The addition of nanoparticles to BW-based polymeric matrices often results in improved physico-mechanical properties. BW coatings have been also applied to prolong the shelf-life of various climacteric fruits, however, optimization of the wax concentration can be further investigated to develop targeted food storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fakhreddin Hosseini
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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3
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Chua MX, Cheah YT, Tan WH, Chan DJC. A novel cultivation platform of duckweed (Lemna minor) via application of beeswax superhydrophobic coatings. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115544. [PMID: 36822535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conventional establishment of laboratory cultures of duckweed Lemna minor are prepared in beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks or Schott bottles. These conventional cultivation methods limit the available surface area for growth which then causes layering of fronds that reduces the efficiency of plants in sunlight capturing. Here, acrylic sheets were spray-coated with a superhydrophobic (SHP) beeswax suspension and these coated acrylic sheets were used as a novel cultivation platform for L. minor. L. minor was grown for 7 days in conventional glass jar which acted as the control and were compared to SHP coated acrylic (SHPA) and SHP coated acrylic with aluminium mesh centrally placed (SHPAM) at similar duration and cultivation conditions. Addition of mesh was to entrap the plantlets and fixed the plantlets' position on the growing platform. The effects of cultivation platforms on growth rate and biochemical compositions of L. minor were monitored. The highest biomass growth was obtained from SHPA cultivation where the relative growth rate (RGR) was 0.0909 ± 0.014 day-1 and the RGR was 2.17 times higher than the control. Moreover, L. minor harvested from SHPA displayed the highest values in total protein content, total carbohydrates content and crude lipid percentage. The values were 156.04 ± 12.13 mg/g, 94.75 ± 9.02 mg/g and 7.09 ± 1.14% respectively. However, the control showed the highest total chlorophyll content which was 0.7733 ± 0.042 mg/g FW. Although SHPA obtained a slightly lower chlorophyll content than the control, this growing platform is still promising as it displayed the highest growth rate as well as other biochemical composition. Hence, this study proved that the proposed method that applied superhydrophobic properties in cultivation of L. minor provided a larger surface area for L. minor to grow, which then resulted in a greater biomass production while simultaneously maintaining the quality of the biochemical compositions of duckweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xia Chua
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yi Tong Cheah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Win Hung Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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4
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Pasha HY, Mohtasebi SS, Taherimehr M, Tabatabaeekoloor R, Firouz MS, Javadi A. New poly(lactic acid)-based nanocomposite films for food packaging applications. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-023-01170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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5
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Mendoza-Duarte ME, Estrada-Moreno IA, López-Martínez EI, Vega-Rios A. Effect of the Addition of Different Natural Waxes on the Mechanical and Rheological Behavior of PLA-A Comparative Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020305. [PMID: 36679186 PMCID: PMC9866918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blended with different natural waxes (beeswax, candelilla, carnauba, and cocoa) was investigated. Different wax amounts, 3, 5, 10, and 15 wt%, were incorporated into the PLA using a Brabender internal mixer. The blends were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rotational rheometer (RR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and contact angle to observe the effect of the different waxes on the PLA physicochemical, rheological, mechanical behavior, and wetting properties. The complex viscosity of the blends was studied by employing a RR. The effect of the addition of the waxes on the mechanical properties of PLA was evaluated by DMA in the tension modality. A slight decrease in the thermal stability of PLA was observed with the addition of the waxes. However, in the case of the mechanical properties, the cocoa wax showed a considerable effect, especially in the elongation at break of PLA. Likewise, waxes had an essential impact on the water affinity of PLA. Specifically, with the addition of cocoa, the PLA became more hydrophilic, while the rest of the waxes increased the hydrophobic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Elvira Mendoza-Duarte
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC, Av. Miguel de Cervantes #120, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.E.M.-D.); (A.V.-R.)
| | | | | | - Alejandro Vega-Rios
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC, Av. Miguel de Cervantes #120, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.E.M.-D.); (A.V.-R.)
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6
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Pirinc FT, Dagdelen AF, Saricaoglu FT. Mechanical, barrier, thermal, and microstructural properties of poly (lactic acid) and gelatin–beeswax emulsion bi‐layer films. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Tuba Pirinc
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Bursa Technical University Bursa Turkey
| | - Adnan Fatih Dagdelen
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Bursa Technical University Bursa Turkey
| | - Furkan Turker Saricaoglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Bursa Technical University Bursa Turkey
- Furya Nanofiber Food Consulting Industry Corp. Bursa Turkey
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7
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Wu F, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Challenges and new opportunities on barrier performance of biodegradable polymers for sustainable packaging. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Nilsen‐Nygaard J, Fernández EN, Radusin T, Rotabakk BT, Sarfraz J, Sharmin N, Sivertsvik M, Sone I, Pettersen MK. Current status of biobased and biodegradable food packaging materials: Impact on food quality and effect of innovative processing technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1333-1380. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nilsen‐Nygaard
- Food Division Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS) Tromsø Norway
| | | | - Tanja Radusin
- Food Division Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS) Tromsø Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Rotabakk
- Food Division Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS) Tromsø Norway
| | - Jawad Sarfraz
- Food Division Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS) Tromsø Norway
| | - Nusrat Sharmin
- Food Division Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS) Tromsø Norway
| | - Morten Sivertsvik
- Food Division Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS) Tromsø Norway
| | - Izumi Sone
- Food Division Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS) Tromsø Norway
| | - Marit Kvalvåg Pettersen
- Food Division Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima AS) Tromsø Norway
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9
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Zhang R, Wang W, Zhang H, Dai Y, Dong H, Kong L, Hou H. Effects of preparation conditions on the properties of agar/maltodextrin-beeswax pseudo-bilayer films. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Pal N, Banerjee S, Roy P, Pal K. Melt‐blending of unmodified and modified cellulose nanocrystals with reduced graphene oxide into PLA matrix for biomedical application. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Pal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringIIT Roorkee Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Department of BiotechnologyIIT Roorkee Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of BiotechnologyIIT Roorkee Uttarakhand 247667 India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringIIT Roorkee Uttarakhand 247667 India
- Center of NanotechnologyIIT Roorkee Uttarakhand 247667 India
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11
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Mohd Aris ZF, Bavishi V, Sharma R, Nagarajan R. Barrier properties and abrasion resistance of biopolymer‐based coatings on biodegradable poly(lactic acid) films. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zarif Farhana Mohd Aris
- Department of Plastics EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Vishal Bavishi
- Department of Plastics EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Ramaswamy Nagarajan
- Department of Plastics EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
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12
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Shakeri M, Razavi SH, Shakeri S. Carvacrol and astaxanthin co-entrapment in beeswax solid lipid nanoparticles as an efficient nano-system with dual antioxidant and anti-biofilm activities. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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14
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Baek N, Kim YT, Marcy JE, Duncan SE, O’Keefe SF. Physical properties of nanocomposite polylactic acid films prepared with oleic acid modified titanium dioxide. Food Packag Shelf Life 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Demirbilek M, Laçin Türkoglu N, Aktürk S, Akça C. VitD3-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: stability, cytotoxicity and cytokine levels. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:454-462. [PMID: 28675984 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1345995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VitD3) has several beneficial effects on many metabolic pathways such as immunity system, bone development. The aim of the study, encapsulation of VitD3 with solid lipids, determine encapsulation efficiency and biocompatibility of nanoparticles. Therefore, VitD3-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) were developed by optimising ratios of VitD3, stearic acid, beeswax and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Thermal stability, degradation profile, crystallinity rate, encapsulation efficiency and release profile of SLNPs were determined. Cytotoxicity of SLNPs on HaCaT, L929 and HUVEC cells were investigated. Negatively charged and VitD3-loaded nanoparticles with diameters between 30 and 60 nm were obtained. SLNPs containing up to 5.1 mg VitD3 per 10 mg powder samples were obtained. Cell proliferations were stimulated after exposure with VitD3-loaded SLNPs. Besides, inflammatory response after exposure to VitD3-loaded SLNPs was evaluated via determining IL10 and TNF-alpha levels on THP-1 cells. According to the results, no inflammatory response was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Demirbilek
- a Advanced Technologies Application and Research Center , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nelisa Laçin Türkoglu
- b Science and Technology Application and Research Center , Yildiz Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Selçuk Aktürk
- c Department of Physics , Mugla Sitki Koçman University , Mugla , Turkey
| | - Cem Akça
- d Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering , Yildiz Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
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16
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Fratini F, Cilia G, Turchi B, Felicioli A. Beeswax: A minireview of its antimicrobial activity and its application in medicine. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:839-843. [PMID: 27633295 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beeswax is the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax to build the honeycombs where to store honey. Thanks to its rich hydrophobic protective properties, the beeswax is in fact present within cosmetics and body products. Also, beeswax is used in the food industry: as a film to wrap cheese for maturing or as a food additive (E901) to give shine to the products. Exactly as the honey which it contains, beeswax is also characterized by several therapeutic properties of great interest to us; it is thought to be particularly effective in healing bruises, inflammation and burns. Recently, the interest of researchers has moved even on antimicrobial properties of beeswax although there are still few studies in the literature focused only on the action of beeswax. The few studies showed an antimicrobic effectiveness of beeswax against overall Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger; these inhibitory effects are enhanced synergistically with other natural products such as honey or olive oil. This minireview aims to be a collection of major scientific works that have considered the antimicrobial activity of beeswax alone or in combination with other natural products in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fratini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Cilia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Italy
| | - Barbara Turchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Italy
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Italy
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17
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Yang HJ, Song KB. Application of Lemongrass Oil-Containing Polylactic Acid Films to the Packaging of Pork Sausages. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:421-6. [PMID: 27433114 PMCID: PMC4942558 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and renewable polymer, which represents a valuable alternative to plastic packaging films, often associated with environmental problems. In this study, we tested the suitability of PLA as a biodegradable packaging film and assessed the antimicrobial activity of lemongrass oil (LO), incorporated into the PLA film in different concentrations. To obtain the optimal physical properties for PLA films, tensile strength, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability were measured under different preparation conditions. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the LO contained in the PLA film against Listeria monocytogenes was investigated by disc diffusion and viable cell count. Among all concentrations tested, 2% LO was the most suitable in terms of antimicrobial activity and physical properties of the PLA film. Based on these results, we used the PLA film containing 2% LO to pack pork sausages; after 12 d of storage at 4℃, the population of inoculated L. monocytogenes in the sausage samples wrapped with the PLA film containing 2% LO was reduced by 1.47 Log CFU/g compared with the control samples. Our data indicate that PLA films containing 2% LO represent a valuable means for antimicrobial sausage packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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