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Characterization of 75 Cultivars of Four Capsicum Species in Terms of Fruit Morphology, Capsaicinoids, Fatty Acids, and Pigments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fruit quality has long been well known as an important prerequisite for evaluating pepper resources. In the study, 75 cultivars belonging to four Capsicum species were investigated on the bases of fruit morphology and concentrations of fruit secondary metabolites. The results showed that C. annuum had a greater variation than C. chinense and C. frutescens in terms of fruit weight, size and contents of carotenoids, anthocyanidins, and capsaicinoids. Moreover, there were significant differences in the concentrations of total phenol, total soluble sugar, total soluble solids, titratable acid, and total soluble protein of all samples. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were the most important capsaicinoids components in pepper fruits, of which C. chinense both had the highest levels, whereas some accessions of C. annuum were not detected. Eighteen fatty acids were detected in pepper fruits, and the dominant member was linoleic acid (a polyunsaturated fatty acid) therein. We integrated a set of methods for metabolites, and the results indicated that there was a positive correlation between concentrations of capsaicinoids and fatty acids. Four accessions had the highest contents of quality-related compounds, two of which belonged to C. chinense (S23 and S24) and possessed high levels of capsaicin. However, S67 had a high level of β-carotene and S68 contained higher contents of total fatty acid and ascorbic acid, and both of them belonged to C. annuum. This work could provide a valid experimental basis for the potential application value of the four accessions mentioned above.
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Modulation of Light and Nitrogen for Quality-Traits Improvement: A Case Study of Altino Sweet Pepper. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Local varieties are known to cope more efficiently with stressful and/or low-input conditions than cultivated ones by activating secondary metabolisms and, hence, are supposed to have higher nutraceutical potential. In this work, we investigate the effects of N and light, supplied at optimal and sub-optimal levels, on the fruit yield and quality of a local ecotype of sweet pepper, Altino, grown in the Abruzzo Region (Southern Italy). In 2017, two open-field experiments were carried out, comparing increasing N rates (0, 100 and 200 kg N ha−1, 0_N, 100_N and 200_N, respectively) and different percentages of shading and/or manipulations of the transmitted solar radiation, obtained through photoselective nets (red net, RN; black net, BN; unshaded Control). Both N and light were preconditions to obtain stable yields in terms of both fruit number and fruit weights. However, BN significantly reduced the number of sunscalded fruits (0.39 vs. 3.38 and 2.59 fruit plant−1 for BN, Control and RN, respectively), leading to lower waste. N deficiency favoured higher total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents in ripened fruits; on the other hand, shading significantly reduced TPC (−12.4%) in immature and TFC (−18.2%) in red fruits. The variations in nutraceuticals were also evaluated in terms of the variations of the single phenolic acids in fruits during ripening; the most interesting results were associated with light treatments. Further research should be directed to the in-depth study of nutrition regimes, in combination with other photoselective nets applications (i.e., pearl nets), that could be suitable for the Altino genotype to enhance the yield and nutraceutical potentials of its fruits.
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Liang YR, Liao FC, Huang TP. Deciphering the influence of Bacillus subtilis strain Ydj3 colonization on the vitamin C contents and rhizosphere microbiomes of sweet peppers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264276. [PMID: 35226695 PMCID: PMC8884494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis strain Ydj3 was applied to sweet peppers to understand the influence of this bacterium on the growth, fruit quality, and rhizosphere microbial composition of sweet pepper. The promotion of seed germination was observed for sweet pepper seeds treated with the Ydj3 strain, indicating that Ydj3 promoted seed germination and daily germination speed (131.5 ± 10.8 seeds/day) compared with the control (73.8 ± 2.5 seeds/day). Strain Ydj3 displayed chemotaxis toward root exudates from sweet pepper and could colonize the roots, which enhanced root hair growth. Following the one-per-month application of strain Ydj3 to sweet pepper grown in a commercial greenhouse, the yield, fruit weight, and vitamin C content significantly increased compared with those of the control. Additionally, the composition of the rhizosphere bacterial community of sweet pepper changed considerably, with the Bacillus genus becoming the most dominant bacterial genus in the treated group. These results suggested that B. subtilis Ydj3 promotes seed germination and enhances fruit quality, particularly the vitamin C content, of sweet pepper. These effects may be partly attributed to the B. subtilis Ydj3 colonization of sweet pepper roots due to Ydj3 chemotaxis toward root exudates, resulting in the modulation of the rhizosphere bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ru Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chin Liao
- Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pi Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The manipulation of light intensity by shade nets can lead to exchanges in the phytochemical quality and antioxidants ofsome herbs. This study aimed to determine whether shading by pearl nets (50% shade index) could improve the bioactive compounds in several medicinal herbs such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and their correspondingherbal extracts during a four-week maceration process in ethanol. Oregano and thyme provided the highest yield of total extractive substances (TES) from both shaded and non-shaded plants. Among all studied herbs, the highest level of antioxidants, expressed as total phenolic content (TPC) was found in extracts from shaded plants of lemon balm. Herbal extracts produced from non-shaded thyme and marjoram had higher flavonoid contents compared to herbal extracts from shaded plants. Accumulation of the investigated secondary metabolites depends more on the specificity of a plant species rather than light intensity. This study was an initial step in the production of medicinal plants with an increased quantity of antioxidant and other bioactive compounds during the maceration process in extracts, aimed to be used as natural alcoholic productwith added value.
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Jiang B, Gao G, Ruan M, Bian Y, Geng F, Yan W, Xu X, Shen M, Wang J, Chang R, Xu L, Zhang X, Feng F, Chen Q. Quantitative Assessment of Abiotic Stress on the Main Functional Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Capacity of Wheatgrass at Different Seedling Age. Front Nutr 2021; 8:731555. [PMID: 34504862 PMCID: PMC8423135 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.731555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The wheat seedlings of 6 days old were daily subjected to ultraviolet irradiation (irradiating for 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min/day, respectively), Polyethylene glycol 6000 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25% in 1/2 Hoagland solution, respectively), and salinity solution (10, 25, 50, 100, 200 mM in 1/2 Hoagland solution, respectively), while the control group (CK) was supplied only with the Hoagland solution. The wheatgrass was harvested regularly seven times and the total soluble polysaccharides, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, total polyphenol, total triterpene, total flavonoid, and proanthocyanins content were tested. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability, and ferric ion reducing power. Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) mathematical model was adopted to comprehensively assess the functional phytochemicals of the different treatments. The results showed that the accumulation patterns of phytochemicals under abiotic stress were complex and not always upregulated or downregulated. The antioxidant activity and functional phytochemicals content of wheatgrass were significantly affected by both the stress treatments and seedling age, while the latter affected the chemicals more efficiently. The top five highest functional phytochemicals were observed in the 200 mM NaCl treated group on the 21st and 27th day, 25% PEG treated group on the 24th day, 200 mM NaCl treated group on the 24th day, and the group of 40 min/day ultraviolet exposure on 27th day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiong Chen
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
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Angmo P, Phuntsog N, Namgail D, Chaurasia OP, Stobdan T. Effect of shading and high temperature amplitude in greenhouse on growth, photosynthesis, yield and phenolic contents of tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1539-1546. [PMID: 34366595 PMCID: PMC8295417 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low temperature is the major environmental factor that limits the optimal field production of tomato in the high altitude mountain regions. Studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of growing tomato, a temperature sensitive crop, in a naturally ventilated passive solar greenhouse with high temperature amplitude (24.7 ± 3.0 °C). The study also aimed to determine the application of shade net combined with low-cost greenhouse technology. Despite the temperature fluctuation from 6.6 ± 2.1 °C at night to 39.1 ± 4.7 °C day temperature, flowering and fruiting were observed under the greenhouse conditions. The marketable yield inside the greenhouse was 1.8-times higher compared to open-field. Shading significantly affected the photosynthesis and results in increased sub-stomatal CO2 concentration. Shading resulted in delayed flowering and 48% reduction in marketable yield. Total phenolic contents (TPC) of tomato grown under open-field and greenhouse conditions were similar. However, greenhouse conditions resulted in a 35% decrease in total flavonoid contents (TFC) of tomato fruit. Shading reduced the TPC and TFC by 29 and 16%, respectively under greenhouse conditions. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01032-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phunchok Angmo
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh Ladakh, 194101 India
| | - Nawang Phuntsog
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh Ladakh, 194101 India
| | - Desyong Namgail
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh Ladakh, 194101 India
| | - O. P. Chaurasia
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh Ladakh, 194101 India
| | - Tsering Stobdan
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Leh Ladakh, 194101 India
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Dobón-Suárez A, Giménez MJ, Castillo S, García-Pastor ME, Zapata PJ. Influence of the Phenological Stage and Harvest Date on the Bioactive Compounds Content of Green Pepper Fruit. Molecules 2021; 26:3099. [PMID: 34067307 PMCID: PMC8196862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green pepper fruit is often consumed before it is completely ripe. However, the influence of the phenological stage in which the green pepper is consumed as a potential influencing factor in its bioactive compounds content and antioxidant capacity remains unknown. In addition, no literature is available concerning the bioactive compounds changes in 'Lamuyo' green peppers along its developmental and growth cycle. For this, two different approaches have been carried out, one using twelve different phenological stages (S1 to S12), and in the other, seven different harvest dates (from 27 February to 20 April). Moreover, bioactive compounds changes during 21 days of postharvest storage at 8 °C were investigated. In this study, bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and total phenolic content) and the total hydrophilic and lipophilic (TAA-H and TAA-L) antioxidant activity were analysed. In addition, total soluble solids, total acidity, individual sugars, and organic acids were determined. Vitamin C levels increased along the phenological stages and harvest dates due to significant increases in ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid levels. Our results show that the total phenol content decreases as vegetables develop and subsequently increases both as ripening begins and by the last harvest date. Furthermore, TAA-H was also greater by the phenological stage S12 and the 20 April harvest date. In conclusion, the phenological stage and harvest date are key factors that significantly influence the bioactive compounds of green peppers, and those that appear by S12 and 20 April could be more beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro J. Zapata
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (A.D.-S.); (M.J.G.); (S.C.); (M.E.G.-P.)
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Effects of Shade Net Colors on Mineral Elements and Postharvest Shelf Life and Quality of Fresh Fig (Ficus carica L.) under Rain-Fed Condition. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoselective netting is well known for filtering the intercepted solar radiation, thus affecting light quality. While its effects on leaf mineral elements have been well investigated, how color netting affects fruit mineral nutrients remains elusive. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of shade provided by blue and yellow nets on mineral nutrients of fig trees under rain-fed conditions. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Cultivars “Sabz” and “Siah” were covered with color nets or left uncovered (as the control group). The highest nitrogen content (8710 ppm) was recorded for cultivar “Sabz” covered with blue net. Color nets enhanced calcium concentration in cultivar “Siah”. Covering fig trees with yellow net increased magnesium content in cultivar “Siah” and phosphorus content in cultivar “Sabz”. Our observation showed the significant positive effect of photo selective nets on postharvest quality, by decreasing fig fruit weight loss and extending shelf life of fruits. In general, color nets as a new agro-technological approach can maintain fruit nutrition under rain-fed conditions and increase postharvest shelf life and quality of fresh fig.
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First Multi-Target Application of Exclusion Net in Nectarine Orchards: Effectiveness against Pests and Impact on Beneficial Arthropods, Postharvest Rots and Fruit Quality. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030210. [PMID: 33801291 PMCID: PMC7998890 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, in fruit orchards, some well-established Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs are losing their effectiveness and may be compromised by chemicals required to control new invasive pests. In this contest, exclusion nets represent an alternative sustainable control strategy. The use of a photoselective exclusion net was investigated in semi-field conditions as a tool to protect nectarine orchards against different pests in NW Italy. The presence and the abundance of key and new invasive pest populations, as well as the damage they caused on fruits, were evaluated. Moreover, any possible effect of the net on beneficial arthropods, postharvest rots and fruit quality and nutraceutical parameters were considered. The exclusion net significantly reduced pest populations allowing the production of healthier fruits due to a strong reduction of insecticide treatments. Moreover, no negative impact on postharvest rots, neither fruit quality nor nutraceutical properties were recorded. Abstract Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of alternative pest control strategies to reduce environmental impact. In this contest, exclusion nets have been evaluated as a sustainable alternative to pesticides. In this study, the use of a photoselective exclusion net was investigated in semi-field conditions as a potential strategy to protect nectarine orchards from different pests (i.e., fruit moths, Halyomorpha halys and Drosophila suzukii) in NW Italy. The presence and abundance of pest populations inside and outside the net, as well as the damage they caused on fruits, were evaluated. Moreover, any possible effects of the net on beneficial arthropods, postharvest rots and fruit quality and nutraceutical parameters were considered. The exclusion net significantly reduced pest populations. At harvest, fruit damage caused by Grapholita molesta and H. halys in netted plots was reduced up to 90% and to 78%, respectively, compared with insecticide-treated plots. The exclusion net allowed the production of healthier fruits with a strong reduction of insecticide treatments (up to seven less) and of their related costs without any negative impact on postharvest rots, neither fruit quality nor nutraceutical properties.
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Ren L, Zhang T, Wu H, Ge Y, Zhao X, Shen X, Zhou W, Wang T, Zhang Y, Ma D, Wang A. Exploring the metabolic changes in sweet potato during postharvest storage using a widely targeted metabolomics approach. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Ge
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Zhao
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodie Shen
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuyu Zhou
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Yungang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato (Xuzhou) Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Daifu Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato (Xuzhou) Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Aimin Wang
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics School of Life Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou People’s Republic of China
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Caruso G, Formisano L, Cozzolino E, Pannico A, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y, Tallarita A, Cenvinzo V, De Pascale S. Shading Affects Yield, Elemental Composition and Antioxidants of Perennial Wall Rocket Crops Grown from Spring to Summer in Southern Italy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E933. [PMID: 32718004 PMCID: PMC7463914 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Shading nets have been increasingly drawing research interest, as they allow us to improve the environmental conditions for greenhouse-grown crops. The effects of two shading nets (50% and 79% shading degree), plus an unshaded control, on yield, mineral composition and antioxidants of perennial wall rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.-D.C.) grown under tunnels in southern Italy were determined. The shading application resulted in a yield decrease, compared to the unshaded control, except for the highest production under 50% shading in July. The highest yield was recorded in the April-May and May-June and the lowest in July. Similar trends were recorded for plant dry weight, leaf number per rosette and mean weight, but the latter showed the highest value under 79% light extinction in July. The rocket leaves were brighter in the summer cycles than in the spring ones. Leaf nitrate was highest in spring and under 79% shading. Potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium showed the highest values in spring and in the unshaded control. The lipophilic antioxidant activity showed the highest values under the 79% shading net in the spring cropping seasons, whereas in July it did not significantly differ from 50% light extinction. The hydrophilic antioxidant activity always attained the highest values in the unshaded control. The unshaded leaves had the highest total phenol accumulation when grown in April-May and the lowest in July. The total ascorbic acid content was always highest in the unshaded control leaves compared to the shading treatments. Fifty percent crop shading is, therefore, an effective sustainable tool for increasing the yield of perennial wall rocket leaves in July, when the light intensity under the plastic tunnel exceeds the plant requirements, also resulting in a mineral composition that is not significantly different from that of the unshaded crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (Y.R.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (Y.R.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenio Cozzolino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)-Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (Y.R.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (Y.R.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (Y.R.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Alessio Tallarita
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (Y.R.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cenvinzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (Y.R.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy; (L.F.); (A.P.); (C.E.-N.); (Y.R.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
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Mashabela M, Mahajan PV, Sivakumar D. Influence of different types of modified atmosphere packaging films and storage time on quality and bioactive compounds in fresh-cut cauliflower. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Different Postharvest Responses of Fresh-Cut Sweet Peppers Related to Quality and Antioxidant and Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Activities during Exposure to Light-Emitting Diode Treatments. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090359. [PMID: 31450777 PMCID: PMC6769952 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of emitting diode (LED) treatments for 8 h per day on functional quality of three types of fresh-cut sweet peppers (yellow, red, and green) were investigated after 3, 7, 11, and 14 days postharvest storage on the market shelf at 7 °C. Red LED light (660 nm, 150 μmol m−2 s−1) reduced weight loss to commercially acceptable level levels (≤2.0%) in fresh-cuts of yellow and green sweet peppers at 7 and 11 d, respectively. Blue LED light (450 nm, 100 μmol m−2 s−1) maintained weight loss acceptable for marketing in red fresh-cut sweet peppers up to 11 d. Highest marketability with minimum changes in color difference (∆E) and functional compounds (total phenols, ascorbic acid content, and antioxidant activity) were obtained in yellow and green sweet pepper fresh-cuts exposed to red LED light up to 7 and 11 d, respectively, and for red sweet pepper fresh-cuts exposed to blue LED light for 11 d. Red LED light maintained the highest concentrations of β carotene, chlorophyll, and lycopene in yellow, green, and red sweet pepper fresh-cuts up to 7 d. Similarly, blue LED light showed the highest increase in lycopene concentrations for red sweet pepper fresh-cuts up to 7 d. Red LED (yellow and green sweet peppers) and blue LED (red sweet pepper) lights maintained phenolic compounds by increasing phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. Thus, the results indicate a new approach to improve functional compounds of different types of fresh-cut sweet pepper.
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Lekala CS, Madani KSH, Phan ADT, Maboko MM, Fotouo H, Soundy P, Sultanbawa Y, Sivakumar D. Cultivar-specific responses in red sweet peppers grown under shade nets and controlled-temperature plastic tunnel environment on antioxidant constituents at harvest. Food Chem 2019; 275:85-94. [PMID: 30724264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant constituents such as carotenoids (capsanthin, phytoene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin), polyphenols content (p-coumaric, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic acid, sinapic acid, and quercetin-3-glucoside) and marketable yield were investigated in 11 sweet pepper cultivars grown under controlled temperature plastic tunnel and white shade net. Marketable yield was not affected by either of the environments, while the interaction between cultivar and growing environment significantly affected the accumulation of antioxidant constituents. The principal component analysis illustrated that controlled temperature plastic tunnel improved the accumulation of carotenoid components and ascorbic acid and vitamin C content in most cultivars. On the contrary, white shade nets favoured the accumulation of phenolic compounds and ORAC activity in most cultivars. A strong correlation was noted between phytoene and carotenoid components in this study (capsanthin r = 0.60; P < 0.001; lutein r = 0.75; P < 0.001; β-carotene r = 0.78; P < 0.001) while ORAC correlated with phenolic compounds. Based on this study, it is possible to refine the choice of environment and cultivar to enhance individual antioxidant constituent groups to improve health benefits for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chembi Solomon Lekala
- Phytochemical FoodNetwork Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, 0001, South Africa
| | - Khalil Saber H Madani
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Anh Dao Thi Phan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin Makgose Maboko
- Agricultural Research Council - Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Helene Fotouo
- Phytochemical FoodNetwork Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, 0001, South Africa
| | - Puffy Soundy
- Phytochemical FoodNetwork Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, 0001, South Africa
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical FoodNetwork Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West, 0001, South Africa; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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15
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Jorge A, Sauer Leal E, Sequinel R, Sequinel T, Kubaski ET, Tebcherani SM. Changes in the composition of tomato powder (Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill) resulting from different drying methods. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Jorge
- Department of Production Engineering; Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato km 04; Ponta Grossa PR 84016-210 Brazil
| | - Elenise Sauer Leal
- Department of Production Engineering; Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato km 04; Ponta Grossa PR 84016-210 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sequinel
- Departament of Exacts and Engineering, Campus Palotina; Federal University of Parana (UFPR), R. Pioneiro 2153; Palotina PR 85950-000 Brazil
| | - Thiago Sequinel
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology (FACET); Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rodovia Dourados/Itahum Km12; Dourados MS 79804-970 Brazil
| | - Evaldo Toniolo Kubaski
- Department of Materials Engineering; State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti 4748; Ponta Grossa PR 84030-900 Brazil
| | - Sergio Mazurek Tebcherani
- Department of Production Engineering; Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato km 04; Ponta Grossa PR 84016-210 Brazil
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16
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Antonio AS, Wiedemann LSM, Veiga Junior VF. The genusCapsicum: a phytochemical review of bioactive secondary metabolites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25767-25784. [PMID: 35539808 PMCID: PMC9082723 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Capsicum genus is one of the most popular plants consumed and cultivated worldwide, containing approximately 50 000 varieties of pepper. Due to its wide biodiversity, the chemical composition within the genus also presents a great variability. Its major applications are in food and pharmacological industry, as pepper presents a chemical composition rich in capsaicinoids, carotenoids, flavonoids and volatile compounds which is attributed to the ability of the fruit to remove insipidity, produce aromas and act against oxidative diseases. Due the existence of several cultivars there is a huge intraspecific chemical variability within each species, which can be considered as an obstacle when selecting and cultivating a species to be applied as a natural product source for a specific objective. The usage of pepper-based products in different industrial areas requires pre-established ranges of chemical compounds, such as capsaicinoids, which in high concentration are toxic when consumed by humans. Applying a pepper with a chemical profile closely related to the concentration that is required after industrial processing can improve efficacy and effectiveness of the process. An insight into the chemical characteristics of major secondary bioactive compounds within Capsicum, the factors that affect their concentration and their chemosystematic implication are reported and discussed. The Capsicum genus is economically important due to its chemical profile which is rich in capsaicinoids, carotenoids and flavonoids. Its unique chemical composition allows this genus to be applied from food additives to medicinal application.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Antonio
- Chemistry Department
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Amazonas Federal University
- Manaus
- Brazil
| | - L. S. M. Wiedemann
- Chemistry Department
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Amazonas Federal University
- Manaus
- Brazil
| | - V. F. Veiga Junior
- Chemistry Department
- Institute of Exact Sciences
- Amazonas Federal University
- Manaus
- Brazil
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17
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Sivakumar D, Jifon J, Soundy P. Spectral quality of photo-selective shade nettings improves antioxidants and overall quality in selected fresh produce after postharvest storage. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1298124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johan Jifon
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University System, Weslaco, Texas, USA
| | - Puffy Soundy
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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18
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Parra Pessoa I, Lopes Neto JJ, Silva de Almeida T, Felipe Farias D, Vieira LR, Lima de Medeiros J, Augusti Boligon A, Peijnenburg A, Castelar I, Fontenele Urano Carvalho A. Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Seeds from Two Underexploited Wild Licania Species: L. rigida and L. tomentosa. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121755. [PMID: 28009846 PMCID: PMC6273337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown the benefit of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of human diseases and promoted a growing interest in new sources of plant antioxidants for pharmacological use. This study aimed to add value to two underexploited wild plant species (Licania rigida) and L. tomentosa) from Brazilian flora. Thus, the phenolic compounds profile of their seed ethanol extract and derived fractions were elucidated by HPLC, the antioxidant capacity was assessed by in vitro chemical tests and the cytotoxicity determined using the human carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and Caco-2. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts of each species. The extracts and fractions showed excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (SC50, ranging from 9.15 to 248.8 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of L. rigida seeds was most effective in preventing lipid peroxidation under basal conditions (IC50 60.80 µg/mL) whereas, in the presence of stress inducer, the methanolic fraction of L. tomentosa performed best (IC50 8.55 µg/mL). None of the samples showed iron chelating capacity. Ethanolic seed extracts of both species did not reveal any cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells. Both plant species showed a promising phenolic profile with potent antioxidant capacity and deserve attention to be sustainably explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Parra Pessoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - José Joaquim Lopes Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Silva de Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Davi Felipe Farias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Rogério Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Jackeline Lima de Medeiros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ivan Castelar
- Department of Finance, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Buthelezi MND, Soundy P, Jifon J, Sivakumar D. Spectral quality of photo-selective nets improves phytochemicals and aroma volatiles in coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum L.) after postharvest storage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:328-34. [PMID: 27295414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of spectral light on leaf quality and phytochemical contents and composition of aroma compounds in coriander leaves grown for fresh use under photo-selective nets; pearl net [40% shading; and 3.88 blue/red ratio; 0.21 red/far red ratio; photosynthetic radiation (PAR) 233.24 (μmolm(-2)s(-1))] and red net [40% shading and 0.57 blue/red ratio; 0.85 red/far red ratio; 221.67 (μmolm(-2)s(-1))] were compared with commercially used black nets [25% shading; 3.32 blue/red ratio 0.96 red/far red ratio; 365.26 (μmolm(-2)s(-1))] at harvest and after 14days of storage. Black nets improved total phenols, flavonoid (quercetin) content, ascorbic acid content, and total antioxidant activity in coriander leaves at harvest. The characteristic leaf aroma compound decanal was higher in leaves from the plants under the red nets at harvest. However, coriander leaves from plants produced under red nets retained higher total phenols, flavonoids (quercetin) and antioxidant scavenging activity 14days after postharvest storage (0°C, 10days, 95% RH and retailers' shelf at 15°C for 4days, 75% RH). But production under the pearl nets improved marketable yield reduced weight loss and retained overall quality, ascorbic acid content and aroma volatile compounds in fresh coriander leaves after postharvest storage. Pearl nets thus have the potential as a pre-harvest tool to enhance the moderate retention of phytochemicals and saleable weight for fresh coriander leaves during postharvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Puffy Soundy
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - John Jifon
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University System, 2415 East Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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