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Alaboudi AR, Malkawi IM, Osaili TM, Abu-Basha EA, Guitian J. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chickens in Irbid governorate, Jordan. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 327:108656. [PMID: 32445835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the world's leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, causing nearly 9 million cases of food poisoning in Europe every year. Poultry is considered the main source of Campylobacter infection to humans. The objectives of the study were to determine occurrence of C. jejuni and C. coli in chickens, the antimicrobial resistance, genotypes, and relatedness of the isolates. A total of 177 chicken samples obtained from informal butcher shops (fresh), formal poultry slaughterhouses (refrigerated) and retail market (frozen) were analyzed. Isolation of Campylobacter spp. was conducted according to the ISO 10272-2006 method. Multiplex PCR was used for confirmation and identification of the isolates. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates and multilocus sequence typing was used for genotyping. The proportion of samples with Campylobacter spp. was 31.6% among all chicken samples (fresh and refrigerated 47.5%, frozen 0%) C. coli was isolated from 42.4% of chicken samples obtained from butcher shops and from 18.6% of samples obtained in formal slaughterhouses. C. jejuni was isolated from 17.0% of samples obtained in butcher shops and formal slaughterhouses. Campylobacter spp. was not isolated in frozen chicken samples. All tested isolates showed resistance toward ciprofloxacin and susceptibility toward imipenem and all of the isolates were multidrug resistant toward 5 or more antimicrobials. Three sequence types were identified among 10 C. coli isolates and seven sequence types were identified among 10 C. jejuni isolates. Among sequence types, chicken isolates shared similarities of both phenotypic and genetic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram R Alaboudi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ismail M Malkawi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Ehab A Abu-Basha
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA Hatfield, UK
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Ge MC, Kuo SF, Chang SC, Chien CC, You HL, Lu JJ. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Surveillance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated From Patients in Two Tertiary Medical Centers in Taiwan. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3186. [PMID: 30666236 PMCID: PMC6330319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. may cause fever, vomiting, and diarrhea in humans. Antibiotic treatment is suggested for patients with severe campylobacteriosis. However, the interpretative criteria for antibiotic susceptibility are inconsistent between Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. The aim of the study is to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin genes and to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility testing methods in the clinical laboratories of two tertiary medical centers in Taiwan. In total, 236 bacterial isolates were collected between 2001 and 2014. The disk diffusion and E-test methods were used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility, and broth dilution results were used as a reference. The virulence genes cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, and ceuE were detected through polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial sensitivity rates for erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline using the broth dilution assay were 80.4, 5.4, and 3.4%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates obtained from southern and northern Taiwan. However, some differences were observed between species. The susceptibility test for erythromycin (disk diffusion) showed that the isolates with small inhibition zone diameters were all resistant, and five isolates (4.0%) with large IZDs were non-sensitive. The error rate of the disk diffusion method according to the CLSI M45-A3 guideline was 5.4% (8/148). The incompatibility rates between the E-test and broth dilution methods for erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline were 8.0, 5.3, and 1.3%, respectively. The positive rates of the genes cdtA and cdtC were considerably higher in Campylobacter jejuni than in C. coli. Erythromycin is recommended as the first choice of treatment for campylobacteriosis. The disk diffusion method is suitable for prescreening Campylobacter susceptibility by using the CLSI M45-A2 and EUCAST criteria (low error rate of 3.4%). If antibiotic treatment fails or IZDs are between 6 and 20 mm, minimum inhibitory concentration testing by using the E-test method is highly recommended because the results of the E-test and broth dilution methods exhibit high agreement. The error rate of disk diffusion method using CLSI M45-A3 criteria is only slightly higher than B, which is also a suitable criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Cheng Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Kuo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Chien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Lluque A, Riveros M, Prada A, Ochoa TJ, Ruiz J. Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. from a Peruvian Pediatric Cohort. SCIENTIFICA 2017; 2017:7848926. [PMID: 29130018 PMCID: PMC5654289 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7848926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of virulence factors (VFs) and mechanisms of quinolones and macrolide resistance was analyzed in Campylobacter spp. from a pediatric cohort study in Lima. In 149 isolates (39 Campylobacter jejuni and 24 Campylobacter coli from diarrheic cases; 57 C. jejuni and 29 C. coli from controls), the presence of the cdtABC and cadF genes and iam marker was established. Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and azithromycin susceptibilities were established in 115 isolates and tetracycline-susceptibility was established in 100 isolates. The presence of mutations in the gyrA, parC, and 23S rRNA genes was determined. The cadF gene and all genes from the cdtABC operon were significantly more frequent among C. jejuni (P < 0.0001); the iam marker was more frequent in C. coli (P < 0.0001). No differences were observed in VFs between cases and controls. Almost all isolates were tetracycline-resistant; nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance reached levels of 90.4% and 88.7%, respectively. Resistance to macrolides was 13% (C. jejuni 4.3%; C. coli 26.1%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was related to GyrA Thr86 substitutions, while 13 of 15 macrolide-resistant isolates possessed a 23S rRNA mutation (A2075G). Differences in the presence of VFs and alarming levels of resistance to tested antimicrobial agents were observed among C. jejuni and C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lluque
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Maribel Riveros
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Prada
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Theresa J. Ochoa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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