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Antibacterial Effect of Cell-Free Supernatant from Lactobacillus pentosus L-36 against Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217627. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to analyze the main antibacterial active components of Lactobacillus pentosus (L. pentosus) L-36 cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), to explore its physicochemical properties and anti-bacterial mechanism. Firstly, the main antibacterial active substance in L-36 CFCS was peptides, which inferred by adjusting pH and enzyme treatment methods. Secondly, the physicochemical properties of the antibacterial active substances in L-36 CFCS were studied from heat, pH, and metal ions, respectively. It demonstrated good antibacterial activity when heated at 65 °C, 85 °C and 100 °C for 10 and 30 min, indicating that it had strong thermal stability. L-36 CFCS had antibacterial activity when the pH value was 2–6, and the antibacterial active substances became stable with the decrease in pH value. After 10 kinds of metal ions were treated, the antibacterial activity did not change significantly, indicating that it was insensitive to metal ions. Finally, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence probe were used to reveal the antibacterial mechanism of S. aureus from the aspects of cell morphology and subcellular structure. The results demonstrated that L-36 CFCS could form 1.4–2.3 nm pores in the cell membrane of S. aureus, which increased the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, resulting in the depolarization of cell membrane potential and leakage of nucleic acid protein and other cell contents. Meanwhile, a large number of ROS are produced and accumulated in the cells, causing damage to DNA, and with the increase in L-36 CFCS concentration, the effect is enhanced, and finally leads to the death of S. aureus. Our study suggests that the main antibacterial active substances of L-36 CFCS are peptides. L-36 CFCS are thermostable, active under acidic conditions, insensitive to metal ions, and exhibit antibacterial effects by damaging cell membranes, DNA and increasing ROS. Using lactic acid bacteria to inhibit S. aureus provides a theoretical basis for the discovery of new antibacterial substances, and will have great significance in the development of antibiotic substitutes, reducing bacterial resistance and ensuring animal food safety.
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Cheng C, Fan S, Wang C, Ye L, Wang Z, Huang H. Phylogenetic Analysis of Elaeagnus L. in China: A Basis for Genetic Improvement of a Berry Crop. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899079. [PMID: 35755665 PMCID: PMC9223766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elaeagnus L. is found in wild or grown as ornamental plants and is increasingly regarded as underutilized berry shrubs by breeders. This genus has cosmopolitan distribution with various species widely distributed in China, Europe, the United States, and Canada. Interspecific hybrids, which have been reported several times, have attracted intense interest from plant breeders attempting to develop a fruit crop of Elaeagnus. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) is a powerful statistical modeling tool that provides insights into separations between experimental groups. In this study, the molecular phylogeny of Elaeagnus species was first discussed using the ITS and matK sequences for guiding the construction of a genetic basis pool. A morphological OPLS-DA clustering model based on the genetic divergence was also constructed for the first time, which effectively realized the morphological grouping of Chinese Elaeagnus species. The results showed that a total of 10 wild species widely distributed in China have the potential to develop fruit crops. Particularly, Elaeagnus conferta has the potential to provide a founder species with a large fruit size, while Elaeagnus Gonyanthes has the potential to provide important genetic resources with long pedicel. Elaeagnus lanceolata and Elaeagnus delavayi could be used to domesticate hybrids without spines, and the other five climbing shrubs could be used to develop high-yield crown-type commercial cultivars for automated field management. The top five contributing morphological traits affecting the current clustering model were V9 (flower color), V1 (flowering), V5 (evergreen or deciduous), V3 (leaf size), and V2 (fruiting). Furthermore, the grouping analysis indicated that the V9 was the most important factor affecting morphological clustering. Thereafter, the temporally calibrated phylogeny inferred from the matK sequence was used to reconstruct the origin and evolution of the genus Elaeagnus, and the results inferred an interesting geographic distribution pattern and potential cross-species interactions of Elaeagnus species at low latitudes in China. Our study also highlighted dispersal pattern investigation and genetic background analysis to improve future practices and policies related to species introduction of genetic basis pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Cheng
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Siqing Fan
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Canjian Wang
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Linlin Ye
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zupeng Wang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
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Bieniek A, Lachowicz-Wiśniewska S, Bojarska J. The Bioactive Profile, Nutritional Value, Health Benefits and Agronomic Requirements of Cherry Silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.): A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092719. [PMID: 35566071 PMCID: PMC9101257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cherry silverberry (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.) is a lesser-known plant species with high nutritional and therapeutic potential. Cherry silverberry contains numerous biologically active compounds. The cherry silverberry is a shrub growing up to 3 m. Its drupe-like fruit is ellipsoidal, up to 1 cm long, and set on stems. It is red in color, juicy, and sour, and its taste resembles that of red currants. According to the literature, cherry silverberry fruit contains carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids, as well as vitamin C, in addition to biominerals, polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and tocopherols, which contribute to its high nutritional value. New biotypes of cherry silverberry cultivated in Poland can be used for the production of functional foods and direct consumption. In China, the cherry silverberry, known as goumi, has been used as a medicinal plant and a natural remedy for cough, diarrhea, itch, foul sores, and, even, cancer. This review article summarizes the scant research findings on the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of cherry silverberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bieniek
- Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 21 Street, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Sabina Lachowicz-Wiśniewska
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Calisia University, Nowy Świat 4 Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
- Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Słowackiego 17 Street, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Justyna Bojarska
- Chair of Food Plant Chemistry and Processing, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Cieszyński Sq. 1 Street, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Zhang HQ, Xie XF, Li GM, Chen JR, Li MT, Xu X, Xiong QY, Chen GR, Yin YP, Peng F, Chen Y, Peng C. Erianin inhibits human lung cancer cell growth via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4511-4525. [PMID: 34236105 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Erianin is a small-molecule compound that is isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. In recent years, it has been found to have evident antitumor activity in various cancers, such as bladder cancer, cervical cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this study, we assessed the effect of erianin on lung cancer in terms of cell growth inhibition and the related mechanism. First, erianin at a concentration of less than 1 nmol/L exhibited cytotoxicity in H1975, A549, LLC lung cancer cells, did not cause marked growth inhibition in normal lung and kidney cells, induced obvious apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest of cells, and inhibited the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells in vitro. Second, in a mouse xenograft model of lewis lung cancer (LLC), oral administration of erianin (50, 35, and 10 mg kg-1 day-1 for 12 days) substantially inhibited nodule growth, reduced the fluorescence counts of lewis cells and the percentage vascularity of tumor tissues, increased the number of apoptotic tumor cells, the thymus indices, up-regulated the levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), decreased IL-10 levels and the spleen index, and enhanced immune function. Lastly, the possible targets of erianin were determined by molecular docking and verified via western blot assay. The results indicated that erianin may achieve the above effects via inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vitro and vivo. Taken together, the results showed that erianin had obvious antitumor effects via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vitro and vivo and may have potential clinical value for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Ren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Peng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- School of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Leonard W, Zhang P, Ying D, Adhikari B, Fang Z. Fermentation transforms the phenolic profiles and bioactivities of plant-based foods. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107763. [PMID: 33961978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenolics are a group of compounds derived from plants that have displayed potent biological activities and health-promoting effects. Fermentation is one of the most conventional but still prevalent bioprocessing methods in the food industry, with the potential to increase phenolic content and enhance its nutritive value. This review details the biotransformation of different classes of phenolics (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenoids, lignans, alkylresorcinols) by various microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi) throughout the fermentation process in plant-based foods. Several researchers have commenced the use of metabolic engineering, as in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and Escherichia coli, to enhance the production of this transformation. The impact of phenolics on the metabolism of microorganisms and fermentation process, although complex, is reviewed for the first time. Moreover, this paper highlights the general effect of fermentation on the food's phenolic content, and its bioaccessibility, bioavailability and bioactivities including antioxidant capacity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity properties. Phenolics of different classes are converted into compounds that are often more bioactive than the parent compounds, and fermentation generally leads to a higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity in most studies. However, biotransformation of several phenolic classes is less studied due to its low concentration and apparent insignificance to the food system. Therefore, there is potential for application of metabolic engineering to further enhance the content of different phenolic classes and bioactivities in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Danyang Ying
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Uncovering Prospective Role and Applications of Existing and New Nutraceuticals from Bacterial, Fungal, Algal and Cyanobacterial, and Plant Sources. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13073671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are a category of products more often associated with food but having pharmaceuticals property and characteristics. However, there is still no internationally accepted concept of these food-pharmaceutical properties, and their interpretation can differ from country to country. Nutraceuticals are used as part of dietary supplements in most countries. They can be phytochemicals which are biologically active and have health benefits. These can be supplied as a supplement and/or as a functional food to the customer. For human health and longevity, these materials are likely to play a vital role. Consumption of these items is typical without a therapeutic prescription and/or supervision by the vast majority of the public. The development of nutraceuticals can be achieved through many bioresources and organisms. This review article will discuss the current research on nutraceuticals from different biological sources and their potential use as an agent for improving human health and well-being, as well as the gaps and future perspective of research related to nutraceutical development.
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Plumbagin induces Ishikawa cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in endometrial cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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