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Hu YX, Zhang DD, Chen C, Li A, Bai DP. Mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 1 regulating fatty liver disorder in mule ducks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103818. [PMID: 38733755 PMCID: PMC11101971 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mule ducks tend to accumulate abundant fat in their livers via feeding, which leads to the formation of a fatty liver that is several times larger than a normal liver. However, the mechanism underlying fatty liver formation has not yet been elucidated. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), a member of the FGF superfamily, is involved in cellular lipid metabolism and mitosis. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effect of FGF1 on lipid metabolism disorders induced by complex fatty acids in primary mule duck liver cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Hepatocytes were induced by adding 1,500:750 µmol/L oleic and palmitic acid concentrations for 36 h, which were stimulated with FGF1 concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/mL for 12 h. The results showed that FGF1 significantly reduced the hepatic lipid droplet deposition and triglyceride content induced by complex fatty acids; it also reduced oxidative stress; decreased reactive oxygen species fluorescence intensity and malondialdehyde content; upregulated the expression of antioxidant factors nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), HO-1, and NQO-1; significantly enhanced liver cell activity; promoted cell cycle progression; inhibited cell apoptosis; upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and BCL-2 mRNA expression; and downregulated Bax and Caspase-3 expression. In addition, FGF1 promoted AMPK phosphorylation, activated the AMPK pathway, upregulated AMPK gene expression, and downregulated the expression of SREBP1 and ACC1 genes, thereby alleviating excessive fat accumulation in liver cells induced by complex fatty acids. In summary, FGF1 may alleviate lipid metabolism disorders induced by complex fatty acids in primary mule duck liver cells by activating the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiu Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ding-Ding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ang Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ding-Ping Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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2
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Ali FEM, Abdel-Reheim MA, Hassanein EHM, Abd El-Aziz MK, Althagafy HS, Badran KSA. Exploring the potential of drug repurposing for liver diseases: A comprehensive study. Life Sci 2024; 347:122642. [PMID: 38641047 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing involves the investigation of existing drugs for new indications. It offers a great opportunity to quickly identify a new drug candidate at a lower cost than novel discovery and development. Despite the importance and potential role of drug repurposing, there is no specific definition that healthcare providers and the World Health Organization credit. Unfortunately, many similar and interchangeable concepts are being used in the literature, making it difficult to collect and analyze uniform data on repurposed drugs. This research was conducted based on understanding general criteria for drug repurposing, concentrating on liver diseases. Many drugs have been investigated for their effect on liver diseases even though they were originally approved (or on their way to being approved) for other diseases. Some of the hypotheses for drug repurposing were first captured from the literature and then processed further to test the hypothesis. Recently, with the revolution in bioinformatics techniques, scientists have started to use drug libraries and computer systems that can analyze hundreds of drugs to give a short list of candidates to be analyzed pharmacologically. However, this study revealed that drug repurposing is a potential aid that may help deal with liver diseases. It provides available or under-investigated drugs that could help treat hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, Wilson disease, liver cancer, and fatty liver. However, many further studies are needed to ensure the efficacy of these drugs on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S A Badran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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3
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Fu Y, Wang Z, Qin H. Examining the Pathogenesis of MAFLD and the Medicinal Properties of Natural Products from a Metabolic Perspective. Metabolites 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38668346 PMCID: PMC11052500 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized primarily by hepatic steatosis, has become the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately two-fifths of the global population. The pathogenesis of MAFLD is extremely complex, and to date, there are no approved therapeutic drugs for clinical use. Considerable evidence indicates that various metabolic disorders play a pivotal role in the progression of MAFLD, including lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and micronutrients. In recent years, the medicinal properties of natural products have attracted widespread attention, and numerous studies have reported their efficacy in ameliorating metabolic disorders and subsequently alleviating MAFLD. This review aims to summarize the metabolic-associated pathological mechanisms of MAFLD, as well as the natural products that regulate metabolic pathways to alleviate MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.F.); (Z.W.)
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Fu Y, Li G, Feng Z, Liu J, Wang X, Wang T, Liu J. Methyl Cinnamate (MC) Alleviates Free Fatty Acids (FFAs) Induced Lipid Accumulation Through the AMPK Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1183-1197. [PMID: 38469107 PMCID: PMC10926926 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s449300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical role in energy metabolism. Its activation leads to the phosphorylation of downstream proteins such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1), subsequently inhibiting de novo fatty acid synthesis, thereby reducing intracellular triglyceride accumulation. MC is a compound found in extracts from Zanthoxylum armatum DC plants. Research has shown that MC can inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the CAMKK2-AMPK pathway. However, the biological effect of MC in HepG2 cells remains unknown. Methods In this study, we utilized HepG2 cells to establish a model of MAFLD through FFAs stimulation. We investigated the biological effects of MC on HepG2 cells and studied its impact on lipid metabolism. Small interfering RNA was employed to explore the mechanism by which MC activates AMPK. Finally, molecular docking was conducted, establishing a model of the interaction between AMPK and MC. Results We observed that MC can alleviate triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells. We observed the elevated p-AMPK/AMPK, P-ACC/ ACC, and elevated CPT1a after treatment of MC in HepG2 cells. The interference of CAMKK2 mRNA did not impact the ability of MC to phosphorylate AMPK. Compound C attenuates the ability of MC to increase p-AMPK. Molecular docking results led us to hypothesize that MC directly interacts with AMPK, resulting in AMPK phosphorylation and improved lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangbing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichen Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Omidkhoda N, Mahdiani S, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Natural compounds against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A review on the involvement of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5769-5786. [PMID: 37748097 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Although various therapeutic approaches are used to manage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the best approach to NAFLD management is unclear. NAFLD is a liver disorder associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. NAFLD progression can lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Hepatic kinase B1 (LKB1) is an upstream kinase of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulator in hepatic lipid metabolism. Activation of LKB1/AMPK inhibits fatty acid synthesis, increases mitochondrial β-oxidation, decreases the expression of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes, improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and suppresses NAFLD progression. One potential opening for new and safe chemicals that can tackle the NAFLD pathogenesis through the LKB1-AMPK pathway includes natural bioactive compounds. Accordingly, we summarized in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the effect of natural bioactive compounds such as a few members of the polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and some natural extracts on NAFLD through the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. This manuscript may shed light on the way to finding a new therapeutic agent for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Mahdiani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Li T, Jin Y, Wu J, Ren Z. Beyond energy provider: multifunction of lipid droplets in embryonic development. Biol Res 2023; 56:38. [PMID: 37438836 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery, lipid droplets (LDs) have been recognized to be sites of cellular energy reserves, providing energy when necessary to sustain cellular life activities. Many studies have reported large numbers of LDs in eggs and early embryos from insects to mammals. The questions of how LDs are formed, what role they play, and what their significance is for embryonic development have been attracting the attention of researchers. Studies in recent years have revealed that in addition to providing energy for embryonic development, LDs in eggs and embryos also function to resist lipotoxicity, resist oxidative stress, inhibit bacterial infection, and provide lipid and membrane components for embryonic development. Removal of LDs from fertilized eggs or early embryos artificially leads to embryonic developmental arrest and defects. This paper reviews recent studies to explain the role and effect mechanisms of LDs in the embryonic development of several species and the genes involved in the regulation. The review contributes to understanding the embryonic development mechanism and provides new insight for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to embryonic developmental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Li
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P. R. China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Li D, Cao J, Zhang J, Mu T, Wang R, Li H, Tang H, Chen L, Lin X, Peng X, Zhao K. The Effects and Regulatory Mechanism of Casein-Derived Peptide VLPVPQK in Alleviating Insulin Resistance of HepG2 Cells. Foods 2023; 12:2627. [PMID: 37444365 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a key role in keeping the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism. Insulin resistance of the liver induced by extra glucose and lipid ingestion contributes greatly to chronic metabolic disease, which is greatly threatening to human health. The small peptide, VLPVPQK, originating from casein hydrolysates of milk, shows various health-promoting functions. However, the effects of VLPVPQK on metabolic disorders of the liver are still not fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, the effects and regulatory mechanism of VLPVPQK on insulin-resistant HepG2 cells was further investigated. The results showed that VLPVPQK exerted strong scavenging capacities against various free radicals, including oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and cellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, supplementation of VLPVPQK (62.5, 125, and 250 μM) significantly reversed the high glucose and fat (30 mM glucose and 0.2 mM palmitic acid) induced decrement of glucose uptake in HepG2 cells without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, VLPVPQK intervention affected the transcriptomic profiling of the cells. The differentially expressed (DE) genes (FDR < 0.05, and absolute fold change (FC) > 1.5) between VLPVPQK and the model group were mostly enriched in the carbohydrate metabolism-related KEGG pathways. Interestingly, the expression of two core genes (HKDC1 and G6PC1) involved in the above pathways was dramatically elevated after VLPVPQK intervention, which played a key role in regulating glucose metabolism. Furthermore, supplementation of VLPVPQK reversed the high glucose and fat-induced depression of AKR1B10. Overall, VLPVPQK could alleviate the metabolic disorder of hepatocytes by elevating the glucose uptake and eliminating the ROS, while the HKDC1 and AKR1B10 genes might be the potential target genes and play important roles in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tong Mu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Rubin Wang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Honggang Tang
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiuyu Lin
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xinyan Peng
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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8
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Li J, Zhao C, Liu M, Chen L, Zhu Y, Gao W, Du X, Song Y, Li X, Liu G, Lei L, Feng H. Nuciferine Ameliorates Nonesterified Fatty Acid-Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Lipid Accumulation, Apoptosis, and Impaired Migration via Activating LKB1/AMPK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:443-456. [PMID: 36573646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) provoke various metabolic disorders and are associated with mammary tissue injury and decreased milk production in dairy cows. Nuciferine, an alkaloid found in Nelumbo nucifera leaves, has great potential for correcting lipid metabolism derangements and lipotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated the lipotoxicity induced by excessive NEFA in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and investigated whether nuciferine alleviates NEFA-induced lipotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that excessive NEFA (1.2 and 2.4 mM) induced lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and migration ability impairment in bMECs, whereas nuciferine could ameliorate these disarrangements, as indicated by decreasing triglyceride content, protein abundance of SREBP-1c, cytoplasmic cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 and increasing protein abundance of PPARα and migration ability. Moreover, nuciferine could reverse NEFA-induced LKB1/AMPK signaling inhibition, and the protective effect of nuciferine on lipotoxicity caused by NEFA was abrogated by AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. Furthermore, transfection with LKB1 siRNA (si-LKB1) largely abolished the activation effect of nuciferine on AMPK. Overall, nuciferine can protect bMECs from excessive NEFA-induced lipid accumulation, apoptosis, and impaired migration by activating LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Linfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062 Jilin, China
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9
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Fang C, Pan J, Qu N, Lei Y, Han J, Zhang J, Han D. The AMPK pathway in fatty liver disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:970292. [PMID: 36203933 PMCID: PMC9531345 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.970292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are the primary causes for the occurrence and progression of various liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) caused by a high-fat diet and ethanol. AMPK signaling pathway plays an important role in ameliorating lipid metabolism disorders. Progressive research has clarified that AMPK signal axes are involved in the prevention and reduction of liver injury. Upregulation of AMK can alleviate FLD in mice induced by alcohol or insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and most natural AMPK agonists can regulate lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, consequently regulating FLD in mice. In NAFLD and AFLD, increasing the activity of AMPK can inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol by down-regulating the expression of adipogenesis gene (FAS, SREBP-1c, ACC and HMGCR); Simultaneously, by increasing the expression of fatty acid oxidation and lipid decomposition genes (CPT1, PGC1, and HSL, ATGL) involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipid decomposition, the body’s natural lipid balance can be maintained. At present, some AMPK activators are thought to be beneficial during therapeutic treatment. Therefore, activation of AMPK signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for disorders of the liver. We summarized the most recent research on the role of the AMPK pathway in FLD in this review. Simultaneously, we performed a detailed description of each signaling axis of the AMPK pathway, as well as a discussion of its mechanism of action and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jianheng Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Ning Qu
- College of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- College of Traditional Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchunn, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Han,
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10
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Xie L, Yu D, Li Y, Ju H, Chen J, Hu L, Yu L. Characterization, Hypoglycemic Activity, and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extracts From Amomum tsao-ko: in vitro and in vivo Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:869749. [PMID: 35903449 PMCID: PMC9315379 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.869749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried fruit of Amomum tsao-ko is well-known as a spice as well as a Chinese traditional herb. This study aimed to identify the bioactive constituents in the powder of methanol extract from Amomum tsao-ko (PMEAT) and to evaluate the hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of PMEAT, in vitro and in vivo. We identified 36 phytochemicals in PMEAT by employing HPLC-MS/MS. PMEAT solution was found to have potent α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity (IC50, 0.145 mg/mL) in vitro, twice as strong as that of acarbose (IC50, 0.273 mg/mL). To investigate the hypoglycemic activity of PMEAT in vivo, we studied the impact of low-dose PMEAT (the addition of 100 mg/kg PMEAT to the mice diet) and high-dose PMEAT (200 mg/kg PMEAT addition) treatments in STZ-induced diabetic mice. After 6 weeks of intervention, significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p < 0.05), significantly decreased area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test (p < 0.05), significantly decreased HOMA-IR (p < 0.05), and significantly increased HOMA-β (p < 0.05) were observed in the high-dose PMEAT group. Moreover, we performed an antioxidant activity experiment in vitro. The results showed that PMEAT had a strong ability to scavenge DPPH (IC50, 0.044 mg/mL) as well as ABTS free radicals (IC50, 0.040 mg/mL). In an animal experiment conducted on oxidative damage mice model which was induced by D-glucose and a high-fat diet, we observed significantly increased dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.01), glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.01), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (p < 0.01) and significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-ISO-prostaglandin-PGF2α (8-ISO-PGF2α), after treatment with PMEAT for 90 days. In conclusion, this study reveals the therapeutic potential of Amomum tsao-ko for the treatment of diabetes and helps us discover new antioxidant candidates from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xie
- Shijiazhuang Food Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Shijiazhuang Food Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huidong Ju
- Shijiazhuang Food Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Shijiazhuang Food Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianxia Hu
- Shijiazhuang Food Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Longquan Yu
- Shijiazhuang Food Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Longquan Yu
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11
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Ding Y, Xia S, Fang H, Niu B, Chen Q. Loureirin B attenuates insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by regulating gluconeogenesis signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174481. [PMID: 34481876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is the main cause of type 2 diabetes. The liver is the organ where insulin is secreted from the pancreas, and it regulates the storage and release of glucose according to the body's demand. Althouth Loureirin B (LB) has been reported to promote insulin secretion and decrease blood glucose, the effects of LB on glucose metabolism in the liver and the mechanism is still unclear. Different concentrations of LB were applied to treat on insulin resistance model (IR-HepG2) cells. The research results showed that LB inhibited the production of ROS (Reactive oxygen species) in IR-HepG2 cells, promoted the phosphorylation of AKT, down-regulated the expression of FoxO1, and up-regulated the expression of IRS1 and GLUT4. In addition, LB also down regulated the glucose metabolism related genes PEPCK and GSK3β. The glucose uptake, consumption and glycogen content were increased. Moreover, LB-treated diabetic mice also showed hypoglycaemic effects. In summary, LB may ameliorate type 2 diabetes by preventing the inactivation of IRS1/AKT pathway in IR-HepG2 cells, increasing insulin sensitivity, and regulating glucose uptake and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Ding
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Sijing Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Haowen Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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12
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Han B, Sun H, Yang X, Wang T, He C, Zhao K, An S, Guo C, Niu D, Xue X, Kang J. Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of Corni Fructus alpha-glucosidase inhibitors improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:9808-9819. [PMID: 34664576 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corni Fructus (CF) is a traditional medicine and beneficial food with multifaceted protective effects against diabetes and its complications. Since alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (GIs) are promising first-choice oral antihyperglycemic drugs for diabetes, we examined whether GIs from CF (GICF) are useful for diabetes treatment. Therefore, GICF was extracted by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) that is optimized by a three-level, four-factor Box-Behnken design and determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to 36.31 mg g-1 without enzyme treatment, the GICF yield increased to 70.44 mg g-1via UAEE under optimum conditions (0.5% compound enzyme extracted in 23 min at 46 °C and pH 4.8). The activity (91.99%) of GICF was as predicted (93.28%). When GICF was used in an insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model, it significantly ameliorated the glucose metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that UAEE may be an innovative method for functional food extraction and a potential strategy for high-quality food ingredient (such as GI) production with high efficiency and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binkai Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoqiang Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Changfen He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Shujing An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Dou Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiefang Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
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13
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Luo Z, Wang Y, Xue M, Xia F, Zhu L, Li Y, Jia D, Chen S, Xu G, Lei Y. Astragaloside IV ameliorates fat metabolism in the liver of ageing mice through targeting mitochondrial activity. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8863-8876. [PMID: 34402182 PMCID: PMC8435431 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AST) is a major bioactive compound of Radix Astragali with medical and health benefits. Previous studies have found that AST can reduce the body weights of high-fat diet fed mice. However, the effect of AST on fat metabolism of ageing mice is unclear. In this study, naturally ageing mice were administered intragastrically with AST at 30 mg/kg/day (ageing + AST-L group) and 90 mg/kg/day (ageing + AST-H group) for 16-20 months. Adult (4 months old) and ageing mice were given 1% sodium carboxyl methylcellulose as vehicle. Energy metabolism-related biological parameters of living mice were examined. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels of key enzymes/proteins involved in triglyceride (TG) lipolysis, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), ketone body (KB) production and mitochondrial respiratory chain were also examined after sacrifice. Results demonstrated that treatment with AST significantly reduced body weight, white fat and liver/body weight ratio of ageing mice, significantly reduced serum/hepatic TG levels, respiratory quotient, promoted fatty acid mobilization in white adipose tissue, mitochondrial FAO and KB production and mitochondrial biosynthesis/functions in the liver of ageing mice. AST also up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a/1b, enoyl coenzyme A hydratase-short chain, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 involved in fat metabolism. These results indicated that mitochondrial activity could be the target of AST to treat abnormal fat metabolism during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Luo
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Mengzhen Xue
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Fangqi Xia
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Leiqi Zhu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuanyang Li
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Dengke Jia
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Silong Chen
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Guangfu Xu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Liang Y, Zhang Z, Tu J, Wang Z, Gao X, Deng K, El-Samahy MA, You P, Fan Y, Wang F. γ-Linolenic Acid Prevents Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Palmitic Acid-Treated Alpha Mouse Liver-12 Cells by Balancing Autophagy and Apoptosis via the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8257-8267. [PMID: 34281337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fat deposition is the main character in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while γ-linolenic acid (GLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that can reduce lipid deposition. This study investigated the effect and regulatory mechanism of GLA (100 μM) on lipid metabolism in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells treated by 400 μM palmitic acid (PA). GLA reduced lipid content and increased fatty acid β oxidation, as indicated by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol contents and increasing mRNA and protein expressions of CPT1α and PPARα. GLA relieved oxidative stress caused by PA, upregulated mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased reactive oxygen species content. GLA reduced apoptosis, as indicated by decreases in the BAX/BCL2 expression level and apoptosis percentage. GLA activated autophagy, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signaling and upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin-1, autophagy-related 5, and liver kinase B1 (LKB1). These effects of GLA on lipid metabolism disorders of PA-treated hepatocytes were reversed by autophagy inhibitor 3MA and AMPK inhibitor compound C, confirming our conclusions. Overall, GLA can protect AML-12 cells from lipid metabolism disorder caused by PA via balancing autophagy and apoptosis mediated by the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway. Consequently, GLA, as a dietary supplement, can help to prevent and treat NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Jiayu Tu
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - M A El-Samahy
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Peihua You
- Portal Agri-Industries Co., Ltd., Xingdian Street, Pikou District, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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