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Jiang YK, Li MM, Wang SY, Hao ZC, Meng X, Kuang HX, Yang BY, Liu Y. Protective effect of phenylpropionamides in the seed of Cannabis Sativa L. on Parkinson's disease through autophagy. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105883. [PMID: 38458497 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. As one of the major degradation pathways, autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining the effective turnover of proteins and damaged organelles in cells. Lewy bodies composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) abnormally aggregated in the substantia nigra are important pathological features of PD, and autophagy dysfunction is considered to be an important factor leading to abnormal aggregation of α-syn. Phenylpropionamides (PHS) in the seed of Cannabis sativa L. have a protective effect on neuroinflammation and antioxidant activity. However, the therapeutic role of PHS in PD is unclear. In this study, the seeds of Cannabis sativa L. were extracted under reflux with 60% EtOH-H2O, and the 60% EtOH-H2O elution fraction was identified as PHS with the UPLC-QTOF-MS. The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model in C57BL/6 J mice was used for behavioral and pharmacodynamic experiments. Behavioral symptoms were improved, Nissl-stained and TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra were significantly increased in PHS-treated MPTP-induced PD model mice. Compared with the model group, PHS treatment reduced the expression level of α-syn, and the expression of TH increased significantly by western blotting, compared with the model group, the PHS group suppressed Caspase 3 and Bax expression and promoted Bcl-2 expression and levels of p62 decreased significantly, the ratio of LC3-II/I and p-mTOR/mTOR in the PHS group had a downward trend, suggesting that the therapeutic effect of PHS on MPTP-induced PD model mice may be triggered by the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Si-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Xu PW, Yue XJ, Yuan XF, Zhao B. Non-covalent interaction between hemp seed globulin and two hemp seed phenolic compounds: Mechanism and effects on protein structure, bioactivity, and in vitro simulated digestion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128077. [PMID: 37977470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on elucidating the non-covalent interactions between hemp seed globulin (GLB) and two hemp seed phenolic compounds, Cannabisin A (CA) and Cannabisin B (CB), and to explore these interactions on the protein's structure, conformation, and functionality. Fluorescence quenching and thermodynamic analysis revealed that static quenching governed non-covalent interaction processes, with hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces functioning as major forces. This was further substantiated by molecular docking studies. The binding affinity order was CA > CB, indicating that the specific phenolic compound had a notable impact on the binding affinity. Furthermore, when complexed with CA, Tyr and Trp residues were exposed to a more hydrophilic environment than when complexed with CB. It was noted that the complexation with either CA or CB consistently affects GLB's secondary structure, particle size, and ζ-potential. GLB treated with the phenolic compounds exhibited enhanced ABTS and DPPH scavenging activities and improved digestibility compared to untreated GLB. Furthermore, the non-covalent interactions significantly increased CA's water solubility, highlighting GLB as a promising natural carrier for hydrophobic bioactive components. These findings hold potential implications for enhancing hemp seed protein applications within the food industry by positively influencing its functional properties and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Caroli C, Brighenti V, Cattivelli A, Salamone S, Pollastro F, Tagliazucchi D, Pellati F. Identification of phenolic compounds from inflorescences of non-psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. by UHPLC-HRMS and in vitro assessment of the antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115723. [PMID: 37748359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae family), in particular cannflavins, are known to possess several biological properties. However, their antiproliferative activity, being of great interest from a medicinal chemistry point of view, has not been deeply investigated so far in the literature. In the light of this, the aim of this study was to obtain an enriched fraction of polyphenols (namely PEF) from inflorescences of a non-psychoactive C. sativa (hemp) variety and to evaluate its antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, capitalizing on a new and selective extraction method for hemp polyphenols, followed by preparative flash column chromatography. Untargeted metabolomics, using a new method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), was applied here for the first time to fully characterize PEF. Then, the main phenolic compounds were quantified by HPLC-UV. The antiproliferative activity of PEF and of the isolated compounds was assessed in vitro for the first time against Caco-2 and SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines providing promising IC50 values, in comparison with the reference drug used in therapy for this cancer type. Based on these results, PEF can be considered as a new highly potential therapeutic product to be further investigated against colorectal cancer, thanks to the possible synergistic interaction of its compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Caroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alice Cattivelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Salamone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Capcanari T, Covaliov E, Negoița C, Siminiuc R, Chirsanova A, Reșitca V, Țurcanu D. Hemp Seed Cake Flour as a Source of Proteins, Minerals and Polyphenols and Its Impact on the Nutritional, Sensorial and Technological Quality of Bread. Foods 2023; 12:4327. [PMID: 38231840 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds contain a high concentration of proteins and biologically active compounds. The protein content is even higher in case of lipid part removal in oil production. The remaining part is considered a leftover, usually being used in animal feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical composition of hemp seed cake flour, its nutritional quality and its impact on bread quality parameters. The properties of hemp seed cake flour were assessed in terms of protein quality, mineral composition, polyphenols and antioxidant activity. Hemp seed cake proved to be an important source of high-quality protein (31.62% d.m.) with the presence of eight essential amino acids. The biologically active potential of hemp seed cake has been demonstrated by the high content of polyphenols, especially those from the Cannabisin group. Hemp seed cake flour was incorporated in wheat flour at levels from 5 to 40% (w/w) to investigate its influence on bread quality parameters. The addition of hemp seed cake flour increased the total phenol content of bread, thus greatly enhancing the antioxidant activity. The protein content of bread was found to be enhanced from 11.11% d.m (control sample) to 18.18% d.m (for sample with 40% hemp seed cake flour). On the other hand, the addition of hemp seed cake flour led to decreased bread porosity, increased hardness and decreased resilience in the seed cake. Although, all bread samples recorded sensorial attributes ranging between "slightly like" and "like it very much".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Capcanari
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Eugenia Covaliov
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Cătălina Negoița
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Rodica Siminiuc
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Aurica Chirsanova
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Vladislav Reșitca
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Dinu Țurcanu
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
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Leonard W, Zhang P, Ying D, Nie S, Tindal E, Fang Z. Transformation of hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) oil cake proteome, structure and functionality after extrusion. Food Chem 2022; 384:132499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Leonard W, Zhang P, Ying D, Fang Z. Surmounting the off-flavor challenge in plant-based foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10585-10606. [PMID: 35603719 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based food products have been receiving an astronomical amount of attention recently, and their demand will most likely soar in the future. However, their unpleasant, intrinsic flavor and odor are the major obstacles limiting consumer's acceptance. These off-flavors are often described as "green," "grassy," "beany," "fatty" and "bitter." This review highlights the presence and formation of common off-flavor volatiles (aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, pyrazines, furans) and nonvolatiles (phenolics, saponins, peptides, alkaloids) from a variety of plant-based foods, including legumes (e.g. lentil, soy, pea), fruits (e.g. apple, grape, watermelon) and vegetables (e.g. carrot, potato, radish). These compounds are formed through various pathways, including lipid oxidation, ethanol fermentation and Maillard reaction (and Strecker degradation). The effect of off-flavor compounds as received by the human taste receptors, along with its possible link of bioactivity (e.g. anti-inflammatory effect), are briefly discussed on a molecular level. Generation of off-flavor compounds in plants is markedly affected by the species, cultivar, geographical location, climate conditions, farming and harvest practices. The effects of genome editing (i.e. CRISPR-Cas9), various processing technologies, such as antioxidant supplementation, enzyme treatment, extrusion, fermentation, pressure application, and different storage and packaging conditions, have been increasingly studied in recent years to mitigate the formation of off-flavors in plant foods. The information presented in this review could be useful for agricultural practitioners, fruits and vegetables industry, and meat and dairy analogue manufacturers to improve the flavor properties of plant-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danyang Ying
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Benkirane C, Ben Moumen A, Fauconnier ML, Belhaj K, Abid M, Caid HS, Elamrani A, Mansouri F. Bioactive compounds from hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) seeds: optimization of phenolic antioxidant extraction using simplex lattice mixture design and HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS 2 analysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25764-25777. [PMID: 36199301 PMCID: PMC9465696 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of phenolic compounds from defatted hempseeds was optimized using a simplex lattice mixture design with three solvents (water, methanol, and acetone). The response variables were total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity evaluated by different spectrophotometric tests. The results showed that the binary acetone-water mixture in equal proportions is the optimal combination to achieve the maximum TPC (53.65 mg GAE per g extract) with higher antioxidant activities (265.53, 36.25, 119.03, 69.46, and 68.91 mg TE g−1 extract for the TAC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC tests respectively). In addition, the phenolic profile analysis of defatted hemp seeds by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS2 techniques showed the predominance of hydroxycinnamic acid amides and lignanamides. It allowed visualizing the effect of each solvent mixture on the relative extracted amount of each identified phenolic compound. This study suggests that N-trans-caffeoyltyramine, cannabisin A, and cannabisin B might contribute strongly to the potent antioxidant activity of hempseed extracts. Thus, it encourages the use of defatted hemp seeds as a source of antioxidants with added value for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The extraction of phenolic compounds from hemp seeds was optimized using a mixture design. 50% aqueous acetone was the optimal solvent to extract 33 phenolic compounds with a richness in hydroxycinnamic acid amides and lignanamides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaymae Benkirane
- Laboratory of Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Ben Moumen
- Laboratory of Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés, 2,5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Kamal Belhaj
- Laboratory of Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Malika Abid
- Laboratory of Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Hana Serghini Caid
- Laboratory of Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Elamrani
- Laboratory of Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Farid Mansouri
- Laboratory of Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed I University, BP-717, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
- SASEF Laboratory, Higher School of Education and Training, Mohammed I University, BP-410, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
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