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Yi X, Han J, Xu X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhu J, He Y. Taurine-mediated gene transcription and cell membrane permeability reinforced co-production of bioethanol and Monascus azaphilone pigments for a newly isolated Monascus purpureus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:59. [PMID: 38702823 PMCID: PMC11069175 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine, a semi-essential micronutrient, could be utilized as a sulfur source for some bacteria; however, little is known about its effect on the accumulation of fermentation products. Here, it investigated the effect of taurine on co-production of bioethanol and Monascus azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs) for a fungus. RESULTS A newly isolated fungus of 98.92% identity with Monascus purpureus co-produced 23.43 g/L bioethanol and 66.12, 78.01 and 62.37 U/mL red, yellow and orange MonAzPs for 3 d in synthetic medium (SM). Taurine enhanced bioethanol titer, ethanol productivity and ethanol yield at the maximum by 1.56, 1.58 and 1.60 times than those of the control in corn stover hydrolysates (CSH), and red, yellow and orange MonAzPs were raised by 1.24, 1.26 and 1.29 times, respectively. Taurine was consumed extremely small quantities for M. purpureus and its promotional effect was not universal for the other two biorefinery fermenting strains. Taurine intensified the gene transcription of glycolysis (glucokinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and MonAzPs biosynthesis (serine hydrolases, C-11-ketoreductase, FAD-dependent monooxygenase, 4-O-acyltransferase, deacetylase, NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoredutase, FAD-dependent oxidoredutase, enoyl reductase and fatty acid synthase) through de novo RNA-Seq assays. Furthermore, taurine improved cell membrane permeability through changing cell membrane structure by microscopic imaging assays. CONCLUSIONS Taurine reinforced co-production of bioethanol and MonAzPs by increasing gene transcription level and cell membrane permeability for M. purpureus. This work would offer an innovative, efficient and taurine-based co-production system for mass accumulation of the value-added biofuels and biochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yi
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianqi Han
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green, Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yucai He
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
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Li P, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Jiang X, Wang X, Shi X, Wang W. The effects of environmental factors on the synthesis of water-soluble Monascus red pigments via submerged fermentation: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38591364 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) have been used as natural food pigments for many years. There is a high demand for Monascus red pigments (MRPs) to enhance color and for antibacterial and cancer prevention therapies in food and medicine. Most MRPs are not water soluble, and the yield of water-soluble MRPs is naturally low. On the other hand, water-soluble MRP is more cost effective for application in industrial mass production. Therefore, it is important to improve the yield of water-soluble MRPs. Environmental factors have a significant influence on the synthesis of water-soluble MRPs, which is crucial for the development of industrial production of water-soluble MRPs. This review introduces the biosynthetic pathways of water-soluble MRPs and summarizes the effects of environmental factors on the yield of water-soluble MRPs. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a precursor for MPs synthesis. Carbon and nitrogen sources and the carbon/nitrogen ratio can impact MP production by regulating the metabolic pathway of acetyl-CoA. Optimization of fermentation conditions to change the morphology of Monascus can stimulate the synthesis of MPs. The appropriate choice of nitrogen sources and pH values can promote the synthesis of MRPs from MPs. Additives such as metal ions and non-ionic surfactants can affect the fluidity of Monascus cell membrane and promote the transformation of MRPs into water-soluble MRPs. This review will lay the foundation for the industrial production of water-soluble MRPs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu H, Luo Z, Rao Y. Manipulation of fungal cell wall integrity to improve production of fungal natural products. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 125:49-78. [PMID: 38783724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Fungi, as an important industrial microorganism, play an essential role in the production of natural products (NPs) due to their advantages of utilizing cheap raw materials as substrates and strong protein secretion ability. Although many metabolic engineering strategies have been adopted to enhance the biosynthetic pathway of NPs in fungi, the fungal cell wall as a natural barrier tissue is the final and key step that affects the efficiency of NPs synthesis. To date, many important progresses have been achieved in improving the synthesis of NPs by regulating the cell wall structure of fungi. In this review, we systematically summarize and discuss various strategies for modifying the cell wall structure of fungi to improve the synthesis of NPs. At first, the cell wall structure of different types of fungi is systematically described. Then, strategies to disrupt cell wall integrity (CWI) by regulating the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and binding proteins are summarized, which have been applied to improve the synthesis of NPs. In addition, we also summarize the studies on the regulation of CWI-related signaling pathway and the addition of exogenous components for regulating CWI to improve the synthesis of NPs. Finally, we propose the current challenges and essential strategies to usher in an era of more extensive manipulation of fungal CWI to improve the production of fungal NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.
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Monascus Yellow Pigment Production by Coupled Immobilized-Cell Fermentation and Extractive Fermentation in Nonionic Surfactant Micelle Aqueous Solution. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation with immobilized cells possesses many advantages. However, this fermentation mode is restricted to the production of extracellular products. Our previous study demonstrated that the extractive fermentation of Monascus spp. in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution can export Monascus pigments that are supposed to be mainly intracellular products to extracellular culture broth and, in the meantime, extracellularly enhance the production of yellow pigments at a low pH condition; consequently, this makes the continuous production of yellow pigments with immobilized Monascus cells feasible. In this study, immobilized-cell fermentation and extractive fermentation in Triton X-100 micelle aqueous solution were successfully combined to continuously produce Monascus yellow pigments extracellularly. We examined the effects of cell immobilization and Triton X-100 on cell growth, pigment production, and pigment composition. In the repeated-batch extractive fermentation with immobilized cells, the biomass in Ca-alginate gel beads continued to grow and reached 21.2 g/L after seven batches, and dominant yellow pigments were produced extracellularly and stable for each batch. The mean productivity of the extracellular yellow pigments reached up to 22.31 AU410 nm/day within the first four batches (13 days) and 19.7 AU410 nm/day within the first seven batches (25 days). The results also provide a new strategy for producing such intracellular products continuously and extracellularly.
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Rengifo LR, Rosas P, Méndez N, Ludeña Y, Sirvas S, Samolski I, Villena GK. Comparison of Pigment Production by Filamentous Fungal Strains under Submerged (SmF) and Surface Adhesion Fermentation (SAF). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010048. [PMID: 36675869 PMCID: PMC9861739 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although synthetic colorants are widely used in many industries due to their high stability at different conditions in industrial processes, evidence of its negative impact on health and the environment is undeniable. Filamentous fungi are well known for their use as alternative sources to produce natural pigments. However, an adequate comparison of the productivity parameters between the fermentation systems could be limited to their heterogeneous conditions. Even though Solid-State Fermentations (SSF) on natural substrates are widely used for pigments production, complex media, and non-controlled variables (T, pH, medium composition), these systems could not only hamper the finding of accurate productivity parameters, but also mathematical modeling and genomics-based optimization. In this context, the present study screened five pigment-producing fungi by comparing Submerged (SmF) and Surface Adhesion Fermentation [biofilm (BF) and Solid-State (SSF)] with defined media and controlled variables. For this purpose, we used the same defined media with sucrose as the carbon source for pigment production on SmF, BF, and SSF, and BF and SSF were carried out on inert supports. Five molecularly identified Penicillium and Talaromyces strains isolated from the Peruvian rainforest were selected for their ability to produce yellowish-orange colorants. Highest productivities were obtained from T. brunneus LMB-HP43 in SmF (0.18 AU/L/h) and SSF (0.17 AU/L/h), and P. mallochii LMB-HP37 in SSF (0.18 AU/L/h). Both strains also exhibited the highest yields (AU/g biomass) in the three fermentation systems, reaching values greater than 18-folds in SSF compared to the other strains. Conversely, T. wortmannii LMB-HP14 and P. maximae LMB-HP33 showed no ability to produce pigments in the SSF system. The performed experiments accurately compared the effect of the fermentation system on yield and productivity. From this, further genomics approaches can be considered for an extensive analysis of pigment synthesis pathways and a genomics-driven optimization in the best fermentation system.
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Validation of Viral Inactivation Protocols for Therapeutic Blood Products against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). Viruses 2022; 14:v14112419. [PMID: 36366517 PMCID: PMC9698982 DOI: 10.3390/v14112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic blood products including convalescent plasma/serum and immunoglobulins concentrated from convalescent plasma, such as intravenous immunoglobulins or hyperimmune globulins, and monoclonal antibodies are passive immunotherapy options for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They have been shown to improve the clinical status and biological and radiological parameters in some groups of COVID-19 patients. However, blood products are still potential sources of virus transmission in recipients. The use of pathogen reduction technology (PRT) should increase the safety of the products. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of solvent/detergents (S/D) procedures on SARS-COV-2 infectivity elimination in the plasma of donors but also on COVID-19 convalescent serum (CCS) capacity to neutralize SARS-COV-2 infectivity. In this investigation, S/D treatment for all experiments was performed at a shortened process time (30 min). We first evaluated the impact of S/D treatments (1% TnBP/1% TritonX-45 and 1% TnBP/1% TritonX-100) on the inactivation of SARS-COV-2 pseudoparticles (SARS-COV-2pp)-spiked human plasma followed by S/D agent removal using a Sep-Pak Plus C18 cartridge. Both treatments were able to completely inactivate SARS-COV-2pp infectivity to an undetectable level. Moreover, the neutralizing activity of CCS against SARS-COV-2pp was preserved after S/D treatments. Our data suggested that viral inactivation methods using such S/D treatments could be useful in the implementation of viral inactivation/elimination processes of therapeutic blood products against SARS-COV-2.
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Sánchez Muñoz S, Rocha Balbino T, Mier Alba E, Gonçalves Barbosa F, Tonet de Pier F, Lazuroz Moura de Almeida A, Helena Balan Zilla A, Antonio Fernandes Antunes F, Terán Hilares R, Balagurusamy N, César Dos Santos J, Silvério da Silva S. Surfactants in biorefineries: Role, challenges & perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126477. [PMID: 34864172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as feedstock has received increasing attention as an alternative to fossil-based refineries. Initial steps such as pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are essential to breakdown the complex structure of LCB to make the sugar molecules available to obtain bioproducts by fermentation. However, these steps increase the cost of the bioproduct and often reduces its competitiveness against synthetic products. Currently, the use of surfactants has shown considerable potential to enhance lignocellulosic biomass processing. This review addresses the main mechanisms and role of surfactants as key molecules in various steps of biorefinery processes, viz., increasing the removal of lignin and hemicellulose during the pretreatments, increasing enzymatic stability and enhancing the accessibility of enzymes to the polymeric fractions, and improving the downstream process during fermentation. Further, technical advances, challenges in application of surfactants, and future perspectives to augment the production of several high value-added bioproducts have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Sánchez Muñoz
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Thércia Rocha Balbino
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Edith Mier Alba
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Barbosa
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Tonet de Pier
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Lazuroz Moura de Almeida
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Balan Zilla
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Antonio Fernandes Antunes
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruly Terán Hilares
- Laboratório de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM. Urb. San José, San José s/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Bioremediation laboratory. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila (UA de C), Torreón Campus, 27000 Coah, México
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Biopolymers, bioreactors, and process simulation laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvio Silvério da Silva
- Bioprocesses and sustainable products laboratory. Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), 12.602.810. Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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de Oliveira F, Hirai PR, Teixeira MFS, Pereira JF, Santos-Ebinuma VC. Talaromyces amestolkiae cell disruption and colorant extraction using imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Yang X, Xiang L, Dong Y, Cao Y, Wang C. Effect of nonionic surfactant Brij 35 on morphology, cloud point, and pigment stability in Monascus extractive fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4521-4530. [PMID: 32400028 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonionic surfactant Brij 35 in submerged fermentation of Monascus can significantly increase Monascus pigment yield. Here, the effects of nonionic surfactant Brij 35 on Monascus pigment secretion in extractive fermentation are discussed in terms of cell morphology, cloud point change, and pigment stability. RESULTS At Brij 35 concentrations up to 32 g L-1 , the higher concentrations led to the loosening of the network structure on the surface of the fungal wall, enhanced cell wall permeability, and increased abundance of lipid droplets. Alternatively, when the concentration of Brij 35 exceeded 32 g L-1 , a large amount of substances accumulated on the surface of the fungal wall, permeability reduced, and the degree of oil droplet dispersion in cells decreased. Further, during extractive fermentation, Brij 35 induced formation of a grid structure on the fungal wall surface beginning on day 2, increased the number of intracellular lipid droplets, and promoted intracellular pigment secretion into the extracellular environment. When the cloud point temperature in the fermentation system approached that of fermentation, the nonionic surfactant exhibited stronger Monascus pigment extraction capacity, thereby enhancing pigment yield. Hence, Brij 35 can improve pigment stability and effectively reduce damage caused by natural factors, such as light and temperature. CONCLUSION Brij 35 promotes the secretion of pigment by changing the fungal wall structure and cloud point, as well as by improving pigment stability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Longbei Xiang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ye Dong
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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Liquid phase microextraction strategies and their application in the determination of endocrine disruptive compounds in food samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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BAI JIAFENG, LI TIANXIAO, JIA XUEWEI, CHEN YICHANG, NONG LIZHENG, LIU SHAOHUA, XU CHUNPING. Effect of tween 40 and ethanol on the secretion, structure and antioxidant activities of exopolysaccharides from Inonotus rickii. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92 Suppl 2:e20180838. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JIAFENG BAI
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., China
| | - TIANXIAO LI
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
| | - XUEWEI JIA
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
| | - YICHANG CHEN
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., China
| | - LIZHENG NONG
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., China
| | - SHAOHUA LIU
- China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., China
| | - CHUNPING XU
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China
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12
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Microbial production of vitamin K2: current status and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 39:107453. [PMID: 31629792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K2, also called menaquinone, is an essential lipid-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in blood clotting and prevention of osteoporosis. It has become a focus of research in recent years and has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review will briefly introduce the functions and applications of vitamin K2 first, after which the biosynthesis pathways and enzymes will be analyzed in-depth to highlight the bottlenecks facing the microbial vitamin K2 production on the industrial scale. Then, various strategies, including strain mutagenesis and genetic modification, different cultivation modes, fermentation and separation processes, will be summarized and discussed. The future prospects and perspectives of microbial menaquinone production will also be discussed finally.
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Liu J, Luo Y, Guo T, Tang C, Chai X, Zhao W, Bai J, Lin Q. Cost-effective pigment production by Monascus purpureus using rice straw hydrolysate as substrate in submerged fermentation. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:229-236. [PMID: 31500988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs), the secondary metabolites produced by the fungal strains of Monascus spp., hold commercial importance in not only the food and meat industries, but also therapeutic, cosmetic, and textile industries. To reduce the cost of MPs production, the utilization of rice straw hydrolysate as a substrate in submerged fermentation was investigated. The atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutation system was employed to develop a mutant strain Monascus purpureus M630, with high total extracellular Monascus pigments (exMPs) production of 34.12 U/mL in submerged fermentation with glucose-based medium. The results revealed that M. purpureus M630 produces 8.61 U/mL and 20.86 U/mL of exMPs in rice straw hydrolysate alone or in combination with glucose fermentation medium, respectively. Furfural (Fur) and 5'-hydroxymethyl furfural (5'-HMF), produced during pretreatment and hydrolysis of rice straw; are generally inhibitory for microbial growth and fermentation. Our findings revealed that M. purpureus M630 develops the tolerance and adaptation mechanisms in response to 5'-HMF and Fur during growth and MPs biosynthesis in rice straw hydrolysate. In conclusion, we report that rice straw hydrolysate can serve as an efficient and low-cost substitute for the MP production through submerged fermentation by Monascus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Staple Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yunchuan Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Chenglun Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xueying Chai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
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14
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Li DL, Wu B, Zhang X, Li MY, Cheng JR, Tang DB. Enhancing hemoglobin peptide production from chicken blood fermentation by food-grade nonionic surfactant. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:833-841. [PMID: 31222824 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study is focused on employing a potential process technology for enhancing hemoglobin peptides production from chicken blood. Effects of surfactants on chicken blood biodegradation and hemoglobin polypeptide accumulation were evaluated and the bioconversion conditions were optimized. Results suggested that surfactants exhibited the positive effect on hemoglobin peptides production during chicken blood bioconversion by Aspergillus niger. Dodecyl glucopyranoside was selected as the optimal surfactant and added at the 48th hour of the fermentation process (64 H) at the concentration of 6.0 g/L. Under the optimized conditions, 104.5 mg·N/mL amino nitrogen, 638.3 mg·N/mL nonprotein nitrogen, and 766.3 mg·N/mL soluble nitrogen were detected, which increased by approximately 0.7-, 3.7-, and 3.8-fold, respectively, compared with the control. Furthermore, the acid protease stability was remarkably intensified and the accumulated peptides were mainly distributed at 500-2,000 Da. Results from this work corroborate the potential of applying dodecyl glucopyranoside in hemoglobin polypeptide production from chicken blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Long Li
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, People's Republic of China.,Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biological Resources in Yarkand Oasis at College & University, Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi University, Kashi, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, People's Republic of China.,Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biological Resources in Yarkand Oasis at College & University, Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi University, Kashi, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Li
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biological Resources in Yarkand Oasis at College & University, Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi University, Kashi, China
| | - Jing-Rong Cheng
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Engineering Center for Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Bang Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yuan K, Huang B, Qin T, Song P, Zhang K, Ji X, Ren L, Zhang S, Huang H. Effect of SDS on release of intracellular pneumocandin B 0 in extractive batch fermentation of Glarea lozoyensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6061-6069. [PMID: 31161390 PMCID: PMC6616208 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocandin B0 is a hydrophobic secondary metabolite that accumulates in the mycelia of Glarea lozoyensis and inhibits fungal 1,3-β-glucan synthase. Extractive batch fermentation can promote the release of intracellular secondary metabolites into the fermentation broth and is often used in industry. The addition of extractants has been proven as an effective method to attain higher accumulation of hydrophobic secondary metabolites and circumvent troublesome solvent extraction. Various extractants exerted significant but different influences on the biomass and pneumocandin B0 yields. The maximum pneumocandin B0 yield (2528.67 mg/L) and highest extracellular pneumocandin B0 yield (580.33 mg/L) were achieved when 1.0 g/L SDS was added on the 13th day of extractive batch fermentation, corresponding to significant increases of 37.63 and 154% compared with the conventional batch fermentation, respectively. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is partly attributed to the release of intracellular pneumocandin B0 into the fermentation broth and the enhanced biosynthesis of pneumocandin B0 in the mycelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Baoqi Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China. .,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaojun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lujing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaboration Innovation Center of Chinese Medical Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - He Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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16
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Yang X, Dong Y, Liu G, Zhang C, Cao Y, Wang C. Effects of nonionic surfactants on pigment excretion and cell morphology in extractive fermentation of Monascus sp. NJ1. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1233-1239. [PMID: 30066423 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different nonionic surfactants in submerged fermentation of Monascus sp. demonstrate significant differences regarding increasing pigment yield. In this study, 15 surfactants from five series were analyzed to investigate the influence of nonionic surfactants on Monascus pigments, with the aim of simultaneously obtaining a novel nonionic surfactant. RESULTS Addition of the novel surfactant Brij 35 greatly enhanced pigment excretion and demonstrated good biocompatibility. Extracellular red, orange and yellow pigments increased by 1.47-, 1.71- and 2.07-fold respectively. Production of extracellular pigments was not only related to the hydrophile-lipophile balance value (HLB) but also affected by the cloud point temperature (CP) of the fermentation medium. It was found that nonionic surfactants can improve cell membrane permeability and cell storage capacity by modifying the cell walls of Monascus mycelium and by increasing lipid droplet levels, enhancing pigment excretion. Different nonionic surfactants modify Monascus mycelium to different degrees. CONCLUSION The novel surfactant Brij 35, which has good capacity for pigment extraction and biocompatibility, was identified in the analysis. The effects of nonionic surfactants on the secretion of pigments are related to not only the modification of the cell wall and internal structure but also the CP and HLB. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Dong
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Guorong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - YanPing Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
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17
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Chen G, Wang M, Tian X, Wu Z. Analyses of Monascus pigment secretion and cellular morphology in non-ionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:409-419. [PMID: 29239514 PMCID: PMC5812241 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Monascus pigments produced by Monascus spp. are widely used as natural food colourants. Extractive fermentation technology can facilitate the secretion of intracellular Monascus pigments into extracellular non-ionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution, so as to avoid the feedback inhibition and decomposition. In this study, behaviour of the trans-membrane secretion of Monascus pigments was investigated using morphological and spectroscopic analyses. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) traced that pigment secretion occurred through rapid trans-membrane permeation in 4 min, with a simultaneous conversion in pigment characteristics. Approximately 50% of intracellular pigments (AU470 ) extracted to extracellular broth with 40 g l-1 Triton X-100, indicating the capacity for pigment extraction was limited by the saturation concentrations of surfactant. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed some damage in the cell wall but an intact cell membrane with a slightly increased mycelial diameter. However, the physiological properties of the cell membrane, including integrity, fluorescence intensity and permeability, were altered. A diagram was provided to demonstrate the behaviour of Monascus pigment secretion induced by Triton X-100. This study lays a foundation for the further investigation of Monascus pigment metabolism and secretion in extractive fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Chen
- School of Bioscience and BioengineeringGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Meihua Wang
- School of Bioscience and BioengineeringGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- School of Bioscience and BioengineeringGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
- Dongguan Tianyi Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Dongguan523000China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Bioscience and BioengineeringGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
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18
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Chen G, Bei Q, Shi K, Tian X, Wu Z. Saturation effect and transmembrane conversion of Monascus pigment in nonionic surfactant aqueous solution. AMB Express 2017; 7:24. [PMID: 28116697 PMCID: PMC5256623 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extractive fermentation in a nonionic surfactant aqueous solution provides a promising and efficient method to produce Monascus pigments. The behaviour of pigment secretion during the extractive cultivation was investigated in the present work. The results revealed that the secretion of intracellular pigment was limited by its saturation concentration in the nonionic surfactant aqueous solution. The intracellular pigment was completely extracted to the outside of the cell at a low cell density and high concentration of Triton X-100 (TX) in fermentation broth; otherwise, a restriction for pigment extraction would occur. The decrement of the intracellular orange and yellow pigments was inconsistent with the increment of extracellular pigments with an increase in the TX concentration. It could be inferred that the intracellular orange pigment was converted to extracellular yellow pigment during the transmembrane secretion process, which might be attributed to the enzyme catalysis in the non-aqueous phase solution. This study helps explain the mechanism of variation of pigment characteristic and extraction capacity in extractive fermentation.
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19
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Chen G, Bei Q, Huang T, Wu Z. Variations in Monascus pigment characteristics and biosynthetic gene expression using resting cell culture systems combined with extractive fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:117-126. [PMID: 29098409 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monascus pigments are promising sources of natural food colorants, and their productivity can be improved by a novel extractive fermentation technology. In this study, we investigated the variations in pigment characteristics and biosynthetic gene expression levels in resting cell culture systems combined with extractive fermentation in Monascus anka GIM 3.592. Although the biomass was low at about 6 g/L DCW, high pigment titer of approximately 130 AU470 was obtained in the resting culture with cells from extractive fermentation, illustrating that it had a good biocatalytic activity for pigment synthesis. The oxidation-reduction potential value correlated with the rate of relative content of the intracellular orange pigments to the yellow pigments (O/Y, r > 0.90, p < 0.05), indicating that the change in pigment characteristics may be responsible for the cellular redox activity. The up- or down-regulation of the pigment biosynthetic genes (MpFasA2, MpFasB2, MpPKS5, mppD, mppB, mppR1, and mppR2) in the resting culture with extractive culture cells was demonstrated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Moreover, the mppE gene associated with the yellow pigment biosynthesis was significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated by about 18.6%, whereas the mppC gene corresponding to orange pigment biosynthesis was significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated by approximately 21.0%. These findings indicated that extractive fermentation was beneficial for the biosynthesis of the intracellular orange pigment. The mechanism described in this study proposes a potential method for the highly efficient production of Monascus pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Bei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Tracking of pigment accumulation and secretion in extractive fermentation of Monascus anka GIM 3.592. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:172. [PMID: 28978326 PMCID: PMC5628469 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monascus pigments are promising sources for food and medicine due to their natural food-coloring functions and pharmaceutical values. The innovative technology of extractive fermentation is used to promote pigment productivity, but reports of pigment trans-membrane secretion mechanism are rare. In this study, tracking of pigment accumulation and secretion in extractive fermentation of Monascus anka GIM 3.592 was investigated. Results The increased vacuole size in mycelia correlated with fluorescence intensity (r > 0.85, p < 0.05), which indicates that intracellular pigments with strong fluorescence accumulated in the cytoplasmic vacuole. After adding nonionic surfactant Triton X-100, the uptake of rhodamine123 (Rh123) and 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) and the release of K+ and Na+ rapidly increased, demonstrating that the physiological performances of the cell membrane varied upon damaging the integrity, increasing the permeability, and changing the potential. Simultaneously, the fatty acid composition also varied, which caused a weak fluidity in the membrane lipids. Therefore, the intracellular pigments embedded in Triton X-100 were secreted through the ion channels of the cell membrane. Dense, spherical pigment-surfactant micelles with an average size of 21 nm were distributed uniformly in the extraction broth. Based on the different pigment components between extractive fermentation and batch fermentation, a threefold decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio in mycelia and a more than 200-fold increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in extracellular broth occurred, further suggesting that a reduction reaction for pigment conversion from orange pigments to yellow pigments occurred in non-aqueous phase solution. Conclusions A putative model was established to track the localization of Monascus pigment accumulation and its trans-membrane secretion in extractive fermentation. This finding provides a theoretical explanation for microbial extractive fermentation of Monascus pigments, as well as other non-water-soluble products. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0786-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Chen G, Huang T, Bei Q, Tian X, Wu Z. Correlation of pigment production with mycelium morphology in extractive fermentation of Monascus anka GIM 3.592. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Shi K, Tang R, Huang T, Wang L, Wu Z. Pigment fingerprint profile during extractive fermentation with Monascus anka GIM 3.592. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:46. [PMID: 28545553 PMCID: PMC5445263 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional submerged fermentation mainly accumulates intracellular orange pigments with absorption maxima at 470 nm, whereas extractive fermentation of Monascus spp. with Triton X-100 can promote the export of intracellular pigments to extracellular broth, mainly obtaining extracellular yellow pigments with absorption maxima at approximately 410 nm. In this study, a strain of Monascus (M. anka GIM 3.592) that produces high yields of pigments was employed to investigate the differences in pigment fingerprint profiles between submerged and extractive fermentations. RESULTS Using extractive fermentation with this high-yield strain, the extracellular pigments exhibited an absorption maximum at 430 nm, not 410 nm, as previously observed. By comparing the pigment fingerprint profiles between submerged and extractive fermentations, extractive fermentation was found to not only export intracellular pigments to the extracellular broth, but also to form four other yellow pigments (Y1-Y4) that accounted for a large proportion of the extracellular pigments and that were not produced in submerged fermentation. The yields of Y1-Y4 were closely related to the concentration and feeding time point of Triton X-100. Y1-Y4 presented identical UV-Vis spectra with absorption maxima at 430 nm and fluorescence spectra with absorption maxima (emission) at 565 nm. HPLC-MS and the spectral analysis showed that the four pigments (Y1-Y4) had not been previously reported. The results indicated that these pigments may rely on the bioconversion of orange pigments (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin). CONCLUSIONS Using extractive fermentation with M. anka led to a high yield of extracellular yellow pigments (AU410 nm = 114), and the pigment fingerprint profile significantly differed compared to the results of traditional submerged fermentation. These results provide information and a detailed view of the composition and variation of pigments in extractive fermentation and could also contribute to characterizing pigment metabolism during extractive fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Shi
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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23
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Change of Monascus pigment metabolism and secretion in different extractive fermentation process. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:857-866. [PMID: 28239774 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Monascus pigments that were generally produced intracellularly from Monascus spp. are important natural colorants in food industry. In this study, change of pigment metabolism and secretion was investigated through fed-batch extractive fermentation and continuous extractive fermentation. The biomass, secreting rate of pigment and total pigment yield closely correlated with the activated time of extractive fermentation as well as the composition of feeding nutrients. Metal ions played a key role in both the cell growth and pigment metabolism. Nitrogen source was necessary for a high productivity of biomass but not for high pigment yield. Furthermore, fermentation period for the fed-batch extractive fermentation could be reduced by 18.75% with a nitrogen source free feeding medium. Through a 30-day continuous extractive fermentation, the average daily productivity for total pigments reached 74.9 AU day-1 with an increase by 32.6 and 296.3% compared to that in a 6-day conventional batch fermentation and a 16-day fed-batch extractive fermentation, respectively. At the meantime, proportions of extracellular pigments increased gradually from 2.7 to 71.3%, and yellow pigments gradually became dominated in both intracellular and extracellular pigments in the end of continuous extractive fermentation. This findings showed that either fed-batch or continuous extractive fermentation acted as a promising method in the efficient production of Monascus pigments.
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24
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Urista CM, Rodríguez JG, Corona AA, Cuenca AA, Jurado AT. Pigments from fungi, an opportunity of production for diverse applications. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Wallace S, Balskus EP. Designer Micelles Accelerate Flux Through Engineered Metabolism in E. coli and Support Biocompatible Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6023-7. [PMID: 27061024 PMCID: PMC4973394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology has enabled the production of many value-added chemicals via microbial fermentation. However, the problem of low product titers from recombinant pathways has limited the utility of this approach. Methods to increase metabolic flux are therefore critical to the success of metabolic engineering. Here we demonstrate that vitamin E-derived designer micelles, originally developed for use in synthetic chemistry, are biocompatible and accelerate flux through a styrene production pathway in Escherichia coli. We show that these micelles associate non-covalently with the bacterial outer-membrane and that this interaction increases membrane permeability. In addition, these micelles also accommodate both heterogeneous and organic-soluble transition metal catalysts and accelerate biocompatible cyclopropanation in vivo. Overall, this work demonstrates that these surfactants hold great promise for further application in the field of synthetic biotechnology, and for expanding the types of molecules that can be readily accessed from renewable resources via the combination of microbial fermentation and biocompatible chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Emily P Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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26
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Wallace S, Balskus EP. Designer Micelles Accelerate Flux Through Engineered Metabolism in
E. coli
and Support Biocompatible Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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27
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Biosynthesis of Monascus pigments by resting cell submerged culture in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7083-9. [PMID: 26971494 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Growing cell submerged culture is usually applied for fermentative production of intracellular orange Monascus pigments, in which accumulation of Monascus pigments is at least partially associated to cell growth. In the present work, extractive fermentation in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution was utilized as a strategy for releasing of intracellular Monascus pigments. Those mycelia with low content of intracellular Monascus pigments were utilized as biocatalyst in resting cell submerged culture. By this means, resting cell submerged culture for production of orange Monascus pigments was carried out successfully in the nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution, which exhibited some advantages comparing with the corresponding conventional growing cell submerged culture, such as non-sterilization operation, high cell density (24 g/l DCW) leading to high productivity (14 AU of orange Monascus pigments at 470 nm per day), and recycling of cells as biocatalyst leading to high product yield (approximately 1 AU of orange Monascus pigments at 470 nm per gram of glucose) based on energy metabolism.
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28
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Wang B, Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang Z. Investigation of relationship between lipid and Monascus pigment accumulation by extractive fermentation. J Biotechnol 2015; 212:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Coupled aminophilic reaction and directed metabolic channeling to red Monascus pigments by extractive fermentation in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Xiong X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang Z. Accumulation of yellow Monascus pigments by extractive fermentation in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1173-80. [PMID: 25417745 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monascus species can produce various secondary metabolites of polyketide structure. In the current study, it is found that an interesting phenomenon, i.e., submerged culture of Monascus species in an aqueous solution majorly accumulated intracellular orange Monascus pigments exhibiting one peak at 470 nm with absorbance of 32 OD while extractive fermentation in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution produced extracellular and intracellular yellow Monascus pigments exhibiting one peak at 410 nm with absorbance 30 OD and 12 OD, respectively. The spectrum profiles of both intracellular and extracellular Monascus pigments were affected by surfactant loading, extractive fermentation time, and surfactant adding time. Meanwhile, the instability of orange Monascus pigments in the extracellular nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution was also confirmed experimentally. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is attributed to the export of intracellular yellow Monascus pigments into its broth by extractive fermentation. The transferring of intracellular yellow Monascus pigments into its broth blocks yellow Monascus pigments from further enzymatic conversion or eliminates the feedback inhibition of yellow Monascus pigments based on the biosynthetic pathway of Monascus pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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Kang B, Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang Z, Park S. Production of citrinin-free Monascus pigments by submerged culture at low pH. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 55:50-7. [PMID: 24411445 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation of citrinin-free Monascus pigments is of great interest to meet the demand of food safety. In the present work, the effect of various nitrogen sources, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), cornmeal, (NH4)₂SO₄, and NaNO₃, on Monascus fermentation was examined under different initial pH conditions. The composition of Monascus pigments and the final pH of fermentation broth after Monascus fermentation were determined. It was found that nitrogen source was directly related to the final pH and the final pH regulated the composition of Monascus pigments and the biosynthesis of citrinin. Thus, an ideal nitrogen source can be selected to control the final pH and then the citrinin biosynthesis. Citrinin-free orange pigments were produced at extremely low initial pH in the medium with (NH4)₂SO₄ or MSG as nitrogen source. No citrinin biosynthesis at extremely low pH was further confirmed by extractive fermentation of intracellular pigments in the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 micelle aqueous solution. This is the first report about the production of citrinin-free Monascus pigments at extremely low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Sunghoon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, South Korea
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