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Arab A, Mostafalou S. Pesticides and insulin resistance-related metabolic diseases: Evidences and mechanisms. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105521. [PMID: 37666627 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides in the past century has lot helped humankind in improving crops' field and general hygiene level. Nevertheless, there has been countless evidences on the toxic effects of pesticides on the living systems. The link of exposure to pesticides with different human chronic diseases in the context of carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, etc., have been evaluated in various types of studies. There are also some evidences on the link of exposure to pesticides with higher incidence of metabolic diseases associated with insulin resistance like diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome and chronic kidney diseases. Physiologically, weakening intracellular insulin signaling is considered as a compensatory mechanism for cells to cope with cellular stresses like xenobiotic effects, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, but it can pathologically lead to a defective cycle with lowered sensitivity of the cells to insulin which happens in metabolic disorders. In this work, the data related to metabolic toxicity of pesticides categorized in the mentioned metabolic diseases with a focus on the effects of pesticides on insulin signaling pathway and the mechanisms of development of insulin resistance will be systematically reviewed and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Wei Y, Wang L, Liu J. The diabetogenic effects of pesticides: Evidence based on epidemiological and toxicological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121927. [PMID: 37268216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While the use of pesticides has improved grain productivity and controlled vector-borne diseases, the widespread use of pesticides has resulted in ubiquitous environmental residues that pose health risks to humans. A number of studies have linked pesticide exposure to diabetes and glucose dyshomeostasis. This article reviews the occurrence of pesticides in the environment and human exposure, the associations between pesticide exposures and diabetes based on epidemiological investigations, as well as the diabetogenic effects of pesticides based on the data from in vivo and in vitro studies. The potential mechanisms by which pesticides disrupt glucose homeostasis include induction of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, acetylcholine accumulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gaps between laboratory toxicology research and epidemiological studies lead to an urgent research need on the diabetogenic effects of herbicides and current-use insecticides, low-dose pesticide exposure research, the diabetogenic effects of pesticides in children, and assessment of toxicity and risks of combined exposure to multiple pesticides with other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linping Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Yao X, Geng S, Zhu L, Jiang H, Wen J. Environmental pollutants exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138866. [PMID: 37164202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Except for known sociodemographic factors, long-term exposure to environmental pollutants has been shown to contribute to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the conclusions remain controversial. To provide a comprehensive overview of the association between environmental pollutants and GDM, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Several electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline and Cochrane) were searched for related epidemiological and experimental studies up to September 2022. For epidemiological studies, a meta-analysis was carried out to appraise the effect of environmental pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phenols, phthalates (PAEs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and parabens exposure on GDM. Moreover, we also summarized possible biological mechanisms linking pollution exposure and GDM based on the included experimental studies. A total of 80 articles were enrolled, including 38 epidemiological studies and 42 experimental studies. Meta-analysis results showed that exposure to PAEs [OR (95%CI) = 1.07 (1.00, 1.14)], PFASs [OR (95%CI) = 1.10 (1.01, 1.19)], as well as PCBs [OR (95%CI) = 1.18 (1.02, 1.36)] and PBDEs [OR (95%CI) = 1.33 (1.17, 1.50)] significantly increased the risk of GDM, but no significant effects were found for phenols, OCPs, and parabens. In addition, experimental studies suggested that the potential biological mechanisms of environmental pollutants contributing to GDM may involve insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, neurohormonal dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetic modification, and alterations in gut microbiome. In conclusion, long-term environmental pollutants exposure may induce the development of GDM, and there may be a synergistic effect between the homologs. However, studies conducted on the direct biological link between environmental pollutants and GDM were few. More prospective studies and high-quality in vivo and in vitro experiments were needed to investigate the specific effects and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Yao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, PR China
| | - Shijie Geng
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, PR China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, PR China.
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210004, PR China.
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Ma C, Wei D, Wang L, Xu Q, Wang J, Shi J, Geng J, Zhao M, Huo W, Wang C, Mao Z. Co-exposure of organophosphorus pesticides is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138865. [PMID: 37156283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The epidemiological evidence of human exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes (PDM) is scarce. We aimed to examine the association of T2DM/PDM risk with single OPP exposure and multi-OPP co-exposure. METHODS Plasma levels of ten OPPs were measured using the gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) among 2734 subjects from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. We used generalized linear regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) or β with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and constructed quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models to investigate the association of OPPs mixture with the risk of T2DM and PDM. RESULTS High detection rates ranged from 76.35% (isazophos) to 99.17% (malathion and methidathion) for all OPPs. Several plasma OPPs concentrations were in positive correlation with T2DM and PDM. Additionally, positive associations of several OPPs with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were observed. In the quantile g-computation, we identified significantly positive associations between OPPs mixtures and T2DM as well as PDM, and fenthion had the greatest contribution for T2DM, followed by fenitrothion and cadusafos. As for PDM, the increased risk was largely explained by cadusafos, fenthion, and malathion. Furthermore, BKMR models suggested that co-exposure to OPPs was linked to an increased risk of T2DM and PDM. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the individual and mixture of OPPs co-exposure were associated with an increased risk of T2DM and PDM, implying that OPPs might act an important role in the development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jintian Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
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Yang F, Li Y, Xie Y, Yao W, Ren F. Diethyl phosphate disrupts hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis endocrine hormones via nuclear receptors GR and Nur77: Integration of evidences from in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157015. [PMID: 35777568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of population epidemiology and cohort studies have found dialkyl phosphates (DAPs) in the urine were related to endocrine hormone disorders. However, we did not know whether these effects were caused by parent organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) or metabolite DAPs, especially the non-specific metabolite diethyl phosphate (DEP), which was the metabolic end product of most widely used diethyl OPs. In this study, animal experiments (in vivo), cell experiments (in vitro), small molecule-protein binding interaction experiments and computer molecular simulations (in silico) were used to explore the disturbing effects and molecular mechanisms of DEP on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis endocrine hormones. The animal experiments showed that chronic DEP exposure significantly disturbed the serum contents of HPA axis hormones in adult male rats. The target genes of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in rat liver, including 11β-hsd1 and Pepck1 and PEPCK protein expressions, were down-regulated. Moreover, the gluconeogenic abilities of rats were impaired. However, it did not affect the expression of GR in the rat hypothalamus. These results indicated that the physiological functions of glucocorticoids and GR were damaged. Furthermore, spectroscopy experiments, cell experiments, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations also suggested that DEP can bind to nuclear receptors GR and Nur77, affecting their transcription factor functions, and the transcriptional expression levels of their downstream target genes were reduced. The biosynthesis and secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone and glucocorticoids were blocked. Therefore, DEP can inhibit the production and physiological functions of HPA axis endocrine hormones by disrupting these related proteins and antagonizing nuclear receptors. These results were considered to provide a theoretical basis for strictly controlling the residue limits of OPs and their metabolites in foods, agricultural products and the environment. They also revealed new targets for evaluating the toxicities and risks of pesticide metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Seesen M, Pratchayasakul W, Pintana H, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Exposure to organophosphates in association with the development of insulin resistance: Evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113389. [PMID: 36031162 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an underlying condition prior to the development of several diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, and cerebrovascular complications. Organophosphates (OPs) are one of several factors thought to induce insulin resistance. Previous studies showed that the exposure to OPs pesticides induced insulin resistance through the impairment of hepatic glucose metabolism, pancreatic damage, and disruption of insulin signaling of both adipose tissues and skeletal muscles. Several studies reported possible mechanisms associated with OPs-induced insulin resistance in different models in in vivo studies including those in adult animals, obese animals, and offspring models, as well as in clinical studies. In addition, pharmacological interventions in OPs-induced insulin resistance have been previously investigated. This review aims to summarize and discuss all the evidence concerning OPs-induced insulin resistance in different models including in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The interventions of OPs-induced insulin resistance are also discussed. Any contradictory findings also considered. The information from this review will provide insight for possible therapeutic approaches to OPs-induced insulin resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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7
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Guo X, Wang H, Song Q, Li N, Liang Q, Su W, Liang M, Ding X, Sun C, Lowe S, Sun Y. Association between exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and the risk of diabetes among US Adults: Cross-sectional findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134471. [PMID: 35367493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are commonly used pesticides across the world, however there is little epidemiological evidence linking their exposure to diabetes. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the effect of OPP exposure on the prevalence of diabetes in American adults. METHODS Adults (≥20 years old) were eligible for this study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to explore the associations of six main urinary OPPs metabolites with diabetes. Subgroup analyses were performed by age and gender. Combined effect of OPPs metabolites on the overall association with diabetes was evaluated by weighted quantile sum regression (WQS). Furthermore, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was implemented to explore joint effect of multiple OPPs metabolites on diabetes. RESULTS Ultimately, 6,593 adults were included in our analysis. Of them, 1,044 participants were determined as diabetes patients. The results of logistic regression shown that urinary OPPs metabolites concentrations, whether taken as continuous variables or quantiles, were in positive correlation with diabetes. Notably, the p for trend of diethylphosphate (DEP), a kind of OPPs metabolites, was less than 0.05 indicated that a linear trend may exist between levels of DEP and prevalence of diabetes among adults while this trend was not obversed in other OPPs metabolites. In the WQS model, combined exposure of OPPs metabolites had a significantly positive association with diabetes (OR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.002, 1.114) and diethylphosphate (36.84%) made the largest contributor to the WQS index. The result of BKMR also suggested a positive trend of association between mixed OPPs metabolites and diabetes. CONCLUSION Our results add credibility to the argument that OPP exposure might trigger diabetes. Certainly, prospective data are required to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Mingming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, PR China; Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, PR China.
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Hoyeck MP, Matteo G, MacFarlane EM, Perera I, Bruin JE. Persistent organic pollutants and β-cell toxicity: a comprehensive review. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E383-E413. [PMID: 35156417 PMCID: PMC9394781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00358.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a diverse family of contaminants that show widespread global dispersion and bioaccumulation. Humans are continuously exposed to POPs through diet, air particles, and household and commercial products; POPs are consistently detected in human tissues, including the pancreas. Epidemiological studies show a modest but consistent correlation between exposure to POPs and increased diabetes risk. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of epidemiological evidence and an in-depth evaluation of the in vivo and in vitro evidence that POPs cause β-cell toxicity. We review evidence for six classes of POPs: dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), flame retardants, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The available data provide convincing evidence implicating POPs as a contributing factor driving impaired glucose homeostasis, β-cell dysfunction, and altered metabolic and oxidative stress pathways in islets. These findings support epidemiological data showing that POPs increase diabetes risk and emphasize the need to consider the endocrine pancreas in toxicity assessments. Our review also highlights significant gaps in the literature assessing islet-specific endpoints after both in vivo and in vitro POP exposure. In addition, most rodent studies do not consider the impact of biological sex or secondary metabolic stressors in mediating the effects of POPs on glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. We discuss key gaps and limitations that should be assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam P Hoyeck
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geronimo Matteo
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin M MacFarlane
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ineli Perera
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Bruin
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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von Ameln Lovison O, Jank L, de Souza WM, Ramalho Guerra R, Lamas AE, da Costa Ballestrin RA, da Silva Morais Hein C, da Silva TCB, Corção G, Martins AF. Identification of pesticides in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2670-2680. [PMID: 34355448 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), including pesticides, have been a trending topic and Brazil is the country with the highest usage of pesticides worldwide. This study aimed to measure the presence of pesticide residues in the water from different sources in the city of Porto Alegre. We analyzed 55 samples from drinking water treatment plants, public water sites, and sewage treatment plants from winter 2018 to summer 2020 by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Among 184 pesticides evaluated, 107 matched validation criteria (linearity, trueness, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility) and 15 of them were detected in different water samples, including seven insecticides, five antifungals, and three herbicides, with a wide range of toxicity levels and noticeable seasonal differences. For the worst-case scenario evaluation, 20 out of 22 (90.9%) samples exceeded the Risk Quotient of 1. The sum of pesticide concentrations exceeded 100 ng L-1 in 66.7% of samples in February 19 and in 75% of samples in February 20 and the total pesticide concentration has reached the worrisome mark of 1615 and 954.96 ng L-1 respectively. Therefore, our results make evident the need to promote public policies to achieve better water quality monitoring. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Among 184 pesticides evaluated, 107 matched validation criteria (linearity, trueness, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility). A total of 55 different water samples were analyzed, and 15 pesticides were detected and five quantified. For the worst-case scenario evaluation, 20 out of 21 samples exceeded the Risk Quotient of 1 on Feb/20. The pesticide concentrations sum exceeded 100 ng L-1 in 66.7% of samples on February 19 and in 75% of samples on February 20. It is mandatory to improve water monitoring to guide the development of public policies concerning its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio von Ameln Lovison
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Louise Jank
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - LFDA/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - William Machado de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Ramalho Guerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alex Elias Lamas
- Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Diretoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Antonio da Costa Ballestrin
- Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Diretoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila da Silva Morais Hein
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Gertrudes Corção
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreza Francisco Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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10
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Yang FW, Fang B, Pang GF, Zhang M, Ren FZ. Triazophos and its metabolite diethyl phosphate have different effects on endocrine hormones and gut health in rats. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:566-576. [PMID: 34038317 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1922042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticide (OP) residues present in food can be metabolized into diethylphosphate (DEP) in vivo. Epidemiological studies of OPs have usually focused on these metabolites, while animal studies mainly assessed the OPs. Here, we compared the health risks of a frequently detected OP, triazophos (TAP), and its major metabolite, DEP, in rats. Levels of serum lipids and, sex hormones were measured using immunoassay kits. Gut hormones and inflammatory cytokines were assessed using a multiplexing kit, and the gut microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. After a 24-week exposure period, both TAP and DEP significantly decreased serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and IL-6 (p < 0.05). However, DEP exposure had a stronger effect on serum estradiol (p < 0.05) than TAP, whereas only TAP inhibited the secretion of gut hormones. Both TAP and DEP enriched the pathogenic genera Oscillibacter, Peptococcus and Paraprevotella in the gut, and TAP also enriched enteritis-related genera Roseburia and Oscillibacter, which may affect the secretion of gut hormones. These findings indicate that the use of dialkyl phosphates as markers of OPs to examine the correlations of OP exposure with diseases may only provide partial information, especially for diseases related to gut health and the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Wei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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11
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Djekkoun N, Lalau JD, Bach V, Depeint F, Khorsi-Cauet H. Chronic oral exposure to pesticides and their consequences on metabolic regulation: role of the microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4131-4149. [PMID: 33837455 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have long been used in agriculture and household treatments. Pesticide residues can be found in biological samples for both the agriculture workers through direct exposure but also to the general population by indirect exposure. There is also evidence of pesticide contamination in utero and trans-generational impacts. Whilst acute exposure to pesticides has long been associated with endocrine perturbations, chronic exposure with low doses also increases the prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. Dysmetabolism is a low-grade inflammation disorder and as such the microbiota plays a role in its etiology. It is therefore important to fully understand the role of microbiota on the genesis of subsequent health effects. The digestive tract and mostly microbiota are the first organs of contact after oral exposure. The objective of this review is thus to better understand mechanisms that link pesticide exposure, dysmetabolism and microbiota. One of the key outcomes on the microbiota is the reduced Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes phyla, reflecting both pesticide exposure and risk factors of dysmetabolism. Other bacterial genders and metabolic activities are also involved. As for most pathologies impacting microbiota (including inflammatory disorders), the role of prebiotics can be suggested as a prevention strategy and some preliminary evidence reinforces this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Djekkoun
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France.,Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, CHU Amiens Picardie, Site Nord, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Flore Depeint
- Unité Transformations & Agroressources ULR7519, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle-Université d'Artois, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France.
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12
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Seesen M, Lucchini RG, Siriruttanapruk S, Sapbamrer R, Hongsibsong S, Woskie S, Kongtip P. Association between Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Insulin Resistance in Pesticide Sprayers and Nonfarmworkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8140. [PMID: 33158102 PMCID: PMC7662827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for various diseases. Chronic organophosphate exposure has been reported to be a cause of insulin resistance in animal models. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between organophosphate exposure and insulin resistance in pesticide sprayers and nonfarmworkers. Participants aged 40-60 years, consisting of 150 pesticide sprayers and 150 nonfarmworkers, were interviewed and assessed for their homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level. Organophosphate (OP) exposure was measured in 37 sprayers and 46 nonfarmworkers by first morning urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites. The DAP metabolite levels were not different in either group except for diethylthiophosphate (DETP; p = 0.03), which was higher in sprayers. No significant association was observed between DAP metabolite levels and HOMA-IR. Wearing a mask while handling pesticides was associated with lower dimethyl metabolites (95% CI = -11.10, -0.17). Work practices of reading pesticide labels (95% CI = -81.47, -14.99) and washing hands after mixing pesticide (95% CI = -39.97, -3.35) correlated with lower diethyl alkylphosphate level. Overall, we did not observe any association between OP exposure and insulin resistance in pesticide sprayers and the general population. However, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization and work practice were associated with OP exposure level in sprayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Science Research, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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13
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Kongtip P, Nankongnab N, Kallayanatham N, Pundee R, Yimsabai J, Woskie S. Longitudinal Study of Metabolic Biomarkers among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4178. [PMID: 32545375 PMCID: PMC7312260 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study is to assess how pesticide use may impact metabolic biomarkers by collecting and comparing data from conventional (n = 13) and organic farmers (n = 225) every eight months for four rounds. Farmers were interviewed about family health history, food consumption behaviors, self-reported health problems, agricultural activities, and history of pesticide use. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Blood samples were collected for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood glucose, and triglycerides. A linear mixed model with random intercepts for subjects was used to compare the metabolic biomarkers between conventional and organic farmers and to examine the impact of the number of pesticide spray days for all four rounds after controlling for covariates. The conventional farmers reported using insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. The marginal means for chemical farmers were significantly higher than organic farmers for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference. Increasing the number of days of spraying either insecticides or fungicides was associated with an increase in HDL, LDL, and cholesterol levels. Increasing the number of herbicide spray days was associated with an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and a decrease in BMI. These findings suggest that pesticide-using conventional farmers may be at higher risk of metabolic disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.N.); (N.K.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, EHT, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Noppanun Nankongnab
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.N.); (N.K.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, EHT, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nichcha Kallayanatham
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.N.); (N.K.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, EHT, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ritthirong Pundee
- Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand;
| | - Jutharak Yimsabai
- Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Pathology, Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok, 90 Sithamma traipidok Road, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854-2867, USA;
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14
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Nassar AM, Salim YM, Eid KS, Shaheen HM, Saati AA, Hetta HF, Elmistekawy A, Batiha GES. Ameliorative Effects of Honey, Propolis, Pollen, and Royal Jelly Mixture against Chronic Toxicity of Sumithion Insecticide in White Albino Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112633. [PMID: 32517066 PMCID: PMC7321238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumithion (Fenitrothion) (SUM) is an organophosphorus insecticide used to combat a wide variety of plant pests. Exposure to SUM causes significant toxicity to the brain, liver, kidney, and reproductive organs through, for example, binding to DNA, and it induces DNA damage, which ends with oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the protective role of bee products: a mixture of honey, propolis, palm pollen, and royal jelly (HPPJ) against SUM-induced toxicity. Twenty-four male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were classified into four groups, each containing six rats: control (corn oil), SUM (85 mg/kg; 1/20 LD50), HPPJ, and SUM + HPPJ once daily for 28 consecutive days. Blood samples were gently collected in sterilized ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes for blood picture analyses and tubes without anticoagulant for serum isolation. Serum was used for assays of enzymatic and biochemical characteristics. The results revealed that SUM increased the weights of the liver, kidney, and brain as well as the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Additionally, SUM significantly increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and glucose, uric acid, and creatinine contents, while decreasing the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and total lipids and total protein content. Furthermore, because of the inclusion of phenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids, and sugars, the HPPJ mixture counteracted the hematological, renal, and hepatic toxicity of SUM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M.K. Nassar
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt; (Y.M.M.S.); (K.S.A.E.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.N.); (G.E.-S.B.)
| | - Yehia M.M. Salim
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt; (Y.M.M.S.); (K.S.A.E.)
| | - Khalid S.A. Eid
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt; (Y.M.M.S.); (K.S.A.E.)
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah A. Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
- Departmentof Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Amr Elmistekawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.N.); (G.E.-S.B.)
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15
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Nagaraju R, Joshi AKR, Vamadeva SG, Rajini PS. Deregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism associated with insulin resistance in rats subjected to chronic monocrotophos exposure. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22506. [PMID: 32267039 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we demonstrated the potential of monocrotophos (MCP), an organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), to induce glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia with hyperinsulinemia in rats after chronic exposure. As hyperinsulinemia is likely to exert an impact on hepatic lipid metabolism, we carried out this study to establish the effect of chronic MCP exposure (0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg/day for 180 days) on hepatic lipid metabolism in rats. The state of IR induced by MCP in rats was associated with an increase in the liver lipid content (triglyceride and cholesterol) and expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, PPARγ, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase in the liver. Similarly, activities of key enzymes (acetyl-COA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, lipin 1, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), which regulate lipogenesis, were enhanced in livers of pesticide-treated rats. A strong correlation was observed between insulin levels, hepatic lipid content, and plasma lipid profile in treated rats. Our study suggests that long-term exposure to OPIs not only has a propensity to induce a state of hyperinsulinemic IR, but it is also associated with augmented hepatic lipogenesis, which may explain dyslipidemia induced by chronic exposure to MCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Apurva K R Joshi
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sowmya G Vamadeva
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmanabhan S Rajini
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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16
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Nagaraju R, Joshi A, Vamadeva S, Rajini PS. Effect of chronic exposure to monocrotophos on white adipose tissue in rats and its association with metabolic dyshomeostasis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1190-1199. [PMID: 32207356 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120913080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to monocrotophos (MCP) elicits insulin resistance in rats along with increased white adipose tissue (WAT) weights. This study was carried out to delineate the biochemical and molecular changes in adipose tissues of rats subjected to chronic exposure to MCP (0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg bw/d for 180 days). Pesticide-treated rats exhibited increased fasting glucose and hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin levels were elevated, while adiponectin level was suppressed in plasma of treated rats. MCP treatment caused discernable increase in the weights of perirenal and epididymal WAT. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lipin-1, and lipolytic activities were elevated in the WAT of MCP-treated rats. Corroborative changes were observed in the expression profile of proteins that are involved in lipogenesis and adipose tissue differentiation. Our results clearly demonstrate that long-term exposure to organophosphorus insecticides (OPIs) such as MCP has far-reaching consequences on metabolic health as evidenced by the association of adipogenic outcomes with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, endocrine dysregulations, and dyslipidemia. Taken together, our results suggest that long-term exposure to OPI may be a risk factor for metabolic dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagaraju
- Occupational Biochemistry, Regional occupational Health Centre (Southern), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akr Joshi
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vamadeva
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - P S Rajini
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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17
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Plasma paraoxonase1 activity in rats treated with monocrotophos: a study of the effect of duration of exposure. Interdiscip Toxicol 2020; 12:129-135. [PMID: 32210701 PMCID: PMC7085301 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have earlier demonstrated the potential of monocrotophos (MCP), a highly toxic organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), to elicit insulin resistance in rats after chronic exposure. Given the understanding of role of paraoxonase1 (PON1) in OPI toxicity and diabetes pathology, this study was envisaged to understand the effect of duration of exposure to MCP on plasma PON1 activity in rats. Rats were administered MCP per os at 1/20 and 1/10th LD50 as daily doses for 180 days. Interim blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 45, 90 and 180 d for analysis of plasma parameters. Exposure to MCP for 45 resulted in persistent trend of hyperinsulinemia, while significant increase in fasting glucose levels was observed after 180 days. MCP caused suppression of plasma cholinesterase activity though the study period, albeit extent of inhibition was more severe during the early phase of the study. Exposure to MCP for 180 d resulted in hypertriglyceridemia and marginal decrease in HDL-C levels. MCP failed to modulate PON1 activity in plasma during the early phase of the study (up to 45 d). However, prolonged exposure resulted in significant increase in the plasma PON1 activity. This suggests that manifestation of insulin resistance in rats subjected to chronic exposure to MCP is associated with increase in PON1 activity. Our work provides rationale for studying whether the increase in PON1 activity observed in the present study serves to counter the deleterious effect of long term exposure to organophosphorus insecticides on metabolic homeostasis.
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18
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Czajka M, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Sawicki K, Fal B, Drop B, Kruszewski M, Kapka-Skrzypczak L. Organophosphorus pesticides can influence the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes with concomitant metabolic changes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108685. [PMID: 31479978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use and the bioaccumulation of pesticides in the environment lead to the contamination of air, water, soil and agricultural resources. A huge body of evidence points to the association between the pesticide exposure and increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, e.g. cancer, birth defects, reproductive disorders, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, chronic renal disorders or autoimmune diseases. Organophosphorus compounds are among the most widely used pesticides. A growing body of evidence is suggesting the potential interdependence between the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) exposure and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This article reviews the current literature to highlight the latest in vitro and in vivo evidences on the possible influence of OPs on obesity and T2DM development, as well as epidemiological evidence for the metabolic toxicity of OPs in humans. The article also draws attention to the influence of maternal OPs exposure on offspring. Summarized studies suggest that OPs exposure is associated with metabolic changes linked with obesity and T2DM indicated that such exposures may increase risk or vulnerability to other contributory components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czajka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sawicki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Berta Fal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland; Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
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19
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Joshi AKR, Sukumaran BO. Metabolic dyshomeostasis by organophosphate insecticides: insights from experimental and human studies. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:479-484. [PMID: 31423127 PMCID: PMC6694704 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindhu Omana Sukumaran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
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20
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Salek-Maghsoudi A, Hassani S, Momtaz S, Shadboorestan A, Ganjali MR, Ghahremani MH, Hosseini R, Norouzi P, Abdollahi M. Biochemical and molecular evidence on the role of vaspin in early detection of the insulin resistance in a rat model of high-fat diet and use of diazinon. Toxicology 2019; 411:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Ahmadipour A, Rahimi HR, Abdollahi M. Adverse effects of organophosphorus pesticides on the liver: a brief summary of four decades of research. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:261-275. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used volatile pesticides that have harmful effects on the liver in acute and chronic exposures. This review article summarises and discusses a wide collection of studies published over the last 40 years reporting on the effects of OPs on the liver, in an attempt to propose general mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and possible treatment. Several key biological processes have been reported as involved in OP-induced hepatotoxicity such as disturbances in the antioxidant defence system, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial and microsomal metabolism. Most studies show that antioxidants can attenuate oxidative stress and the consequent changes in liver function. However, few studies have examined the relationship between OP structures and the severity and mechanism of their action. We hope that future in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials will answer the remaining questions about the mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Tehran , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Tehran , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology4, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
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22
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Rieger DK, Dos Santos AA, Suñol C, Farina M. Involvement of superoxide in malaoxon-induced toxicity in primary cultures of cortical neurons. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:1106-1115. [PMID: 28849997 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1357305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) represent a class of insecticides that are used most globally. The neurotoxic effects are attributed mainly to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibition, which is responsible for cholinergic manifestations in individuals acutely exposed to OP. However, AChE inhibition alone cannot account for the wide range of symptoms that were reported following OP exposures. In agreement with this, evidence shows that non-cholinergic events may be mechanistically linked to OP-induced neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential occurrence of oxidative stress as a critical step in the toxicity induced by the OP malaoxon(MAL) using primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons, as well as to distinguish MAL-induced oxidative stress and cell toxicity from an action on AChE blockade. Primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons were treated with MAL (0.01; 0.1; 1; 10; or 100 µM) at varying time points (1, 3, 6, 24, 48, or 144 hr) and the following biochemical parameters determined including cell viability, AChE activity, and superoxide production. MAL significantly reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Of note, 1 µM MAL significantly inhibited (approximately 75%) AChE activity after 48 hr incubation. Pralidoxime (PRAL) (600 µM), a classical AChE reactivator, significantly protected against MAL-induced AChE blockade; however, PRAL did not affect MAL-mediated fall in cellular viability, indicating that AChE inhibition is not necessarily correlated with insecticide-induced decrease in cell survival. MAL-induced diminished cell viability was preceded by a significant increase in superoxide anion production. The antioxidant agent ascorbic acid (AA) (200 µM), which significantly protected against MAL-induced superoxide anion production, did not alter MAL-induced AChE inhibition and significantly prevented insecticide-mediated fall in cell survival. Data show that increased superoxide anion production is an event that precedes MAL-induced cell toxicity in primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons. Based on the preventative effects of AA against MAL-mediated superoxide anion production and reduced cell viability, evidence indicates that oxidative stress represents an important step mediating MAL-induced toxicity in neurons and that AChE inhibition is not necessarily correlated with lowered cell survival noted in insecticide-exposed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Rieger
- a Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Santa Catarina , Brazil
| | - A A Dos Santos
- a Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Santa Catarina , Brazil
| | - C Suñol
- b Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), IDIBAPS, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - M Farina
- a Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Santa Catarina , Brazil
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Terbufos sulfone aggravates kidney damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abdel-Ghany R, Mohammed E, Anis S, Barakat W. Impact of Exposure to Fenitrothion on Vital Organs in Rats. J Toxicol 2016; 2016:5609734. [PMID: 27974891 PMCID: PMC5128718 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5609734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the impact of oral administration of fenitrothion (10 mg/kg) on liver, kidney, brain, and lung function in rats. The effect was studied on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. Our results have shown deterioration in liver function as evidenced by the elevation in serum ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin and reduction in albumin and hepatic glycogen. This was associated with a state of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and increased prothrombin time, while hemoglobin content was reduced. In addition, the kidney function was reduced as indicated by the elevation in serum creatinine, uric acid, and BUN, while the serum levels of magnesium, potassium, and sodium were reduced. This study also showed an impairment in brain neurotransmitter (elevated 5-HT, glutamate, GABA, and reduced dopamine and norepinephrine level). This was associated with a reduction in the barrier capacity in brain and lung. Fenitrothion also caused a decrease in cholinesterase activity in serum, lung, and brain activity associated with a state of oxidative stress in all tested organs and hyperammonemia. These results support the hazards of pesticide use and shows the importance of minimizing pesticide use or discovering new safe pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ebaa Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Anis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Waleed Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Nagaraju R, Rajini PS. Adaptive response of rat pancreatic β-cells to insulin resistance induced by monocrotophos: Biochemical evidence. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 134:39-48. [PMID: 27914538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous findings clearly suggested the role of duration of exposure to monocrotophos (MCP) in the development of insulin resistance. Rats exposed chronically to MCP developed insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia without overt diabetes. In continuation of this vital observation, we sought to delineate the biochemical mechanisms that mediate heightened pancreatic β-cell response in the wake of MCP-induced insulin resistance in rats. Adult rats were orally administered (0.9 and 1.8mg/kgb.w/d) MCP for 180days. Terminally, MCP-treated rats exhibited glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and potentiation of glucose-induced insulin secretion along with elevated levels of circulating IGF1, free fatty acids, corticosterone, and paraoxonase activity. Biochemical analysis of islet extracts revealed increased levels of insulin, malate, pyruvate and ATP with a concomitant increase in activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes that are known to facilitate insulin secretion and enhanced shuttle activities. Interestingly, islets from MCP-treated rats exhibited increased insulin secretory potential ex vivo compared to those isolated from control rats. Further, MCP-induced islet hypertrophy was associated with increased insulin-positive cells. Our study demonstrates the impact of the biological interaction between MCP and components of metabolic homeostasis on pancreatic beta cell function/s. We speculate that the heightened pancreatic beta cell function evidenced may be mediated by increased IGF1 and paraoxonase activity, which effectively counters insulin resistance induced by chronic exposure to MCP. Our findings emphasize the need for focused research to understand the confounding environmental risk factors which may modulate heightened beta cell functions in the case of organophosphorus insecticide-induced insulin resistance. Such an approach may help us to explain the sharp increase in the prevalence of type II diabetes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India
| | - Padmanabhan Sharda Rajini
- Food Protectants and Infestation Control Department, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India.
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