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López-Ortega O, Moreno-Corona NC, Cruz-Holguin VJ, Garcia-Gonzalez LD, Helguera-Repetto AC, Romero-Valdovinos M, Arevalo-Romero H, Cedillo-Barron L, León-Juárez M. The Immune Response in Adipocytes and Their Susceptibility to Infection: A Possible Relationship with Infectobesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116154. [PMID: 35682832 PMCID: PMC9181511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current obesity pandemic has been expanding in both developing and developed countries. This suggests that the factors contributing to this condition need to be reconsidered since some new factors are arising as etiological causes of this disease. Moreover, recent clinical and experimental findings have shown an association between the progress of obesity and some infections, and the functions of adipose tissues, which involve cell metabolism and adipokine release, among others. Furthermore, it has recently been reported that adipocytes could either be reservoirs for these pathogens or play an active role in this process. In addition, there is abundant evidence indicating that during obesity, the immune system is exacerbated, suggesting an increased susceptibility of the patient to the development of several forms of illness or death. Thus, there could be a relationship between infection as a trigger for an increase in adipose cells and the impact on the metabolism that contributes to the development of obesity. In this review, we describe the findings concerning the role of adipose tissue as a mediator in the immune response as well as the possible role of adipocytes as infection targets, with both roles constituting a possible cause of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestes López-Ortega
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Nidia Carolina Moreno-Corona
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Victor Javier Cruz-Holguin
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (V.J.C.-H.); (L.D.G.-G.); (A.C.H.-R.)
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Luis Didier Garcia-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (V.J.C.-H.); (L.D.G.-G.); (A.C.H.-R.)
| | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (V.J.C.-H.); (L.D.G.-G.); (A.C.H.-R.)
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Haruki Arevalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Jalpa de Méndez 86205, Mexico;
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barron
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Departamento de Immunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (V.J.C.-H.); (L.D.G.-G.); (A.C.H.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Lessan N, Saradalekshmi KR, Alkaf B, Majeed M, Barakat MT, Lee ZPL, Atkinson RL. Obesity and Diabetes in an Arab population: Role of Adenovirus 36 Infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8107. [PMID: 32415247 PMCID: PMC7229214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior infection with adenovirus 36 (Adv36) has been associated with increased adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, and a lower prevalence of diabetes. This study investigated the prevalence of Adv36 seropositivity and its association with obesity and diabetes among adults attending a diabetes centre in the UAE.Participants (N = 973) with different weight and glucose tolerance categories were recruited. Adv36 seropositivity (Adv36 + ) was assessed using ELISA. Differences among groups were analyzed using statistical tests as appropriate to the data. Prevalence of Adv36+ in the study population was 47%, with no significant difference in obese and non-obese subgroups (42.5% vs 49.6% respectively; p=non-significant). Females were more likely to be Adv36+ compared to males (odds ratio 1.78; 95% CI 1.36–2.32, p < 0.001). We found no significant association between Adv36 seropositivity and different BMI categories, or glucose tolerance status. In our population, the effect of Adv36 infection on lipid profile varied between healthy individuals and individuals with obesity. Adv36 infection is more prevalent in the UAE than in other countries but has no association with obesity. Our study found that females were more likely to be Adv36 positive regardless of weight or diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | | | - Budour Alkaf
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Maria Majeed
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Richard L Atkinson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Obetech Obesity Research Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Sawaswong V, Fahsbender E, Altan E, Kemthong T, Deng X, Malaivijitnond S, Payungporn S, Delwart E. High Diversity and Novel Enteric Viruses in Fecal Viromes of Healthy Wild and Captive Thai Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis). Viruses 2019; 11:E971. [PMID: 31652508 PMCID: PMC6832579 DOI: 10.3390/v11100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynomolgus macaques are common across South East Asian countries including Thailand. The National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University (NPRCT-CU) captures wild-borne cynomolgus macaque for research use. Limited information is available on the enteric viruses and possible zoonotic infections into or from cynomolgus macaques. We characterized and compare the fecal virome of two populations; healthy wild-originated captive cynomolgus macaques (n = 43) reared in NPRCT-CU and healthy wild cynomolgus macaques (n = 35). Over 90% of recognized viral sequence reads amplified from feces were from bacterial viruses. Viruses from seven families of mammalian viruses were also detected (Parvoviridae, Anelloviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Herpesviridae, and Caliciviridae). The genomes of a member of a new picornavirus genus we named Mafapivirus, a primate chapparvovirus, and a circular Rep-encoding single-strand (CRESS) DNA virus were also characterized. Higher abundance of CRESS DNA viruses of unknown tropism and invertebrate-tropic ambidensovirus were detected in wild versus captive macaques likely reflecting dietary differences. Short term rearing in captivity did not have a pronounced effect on the diversity of mammalian viruses of wild cynomolgus macaques. This study is the first report of the fecal virome of cynomolgus macaques, non-human primates frequently used in biomedical research and vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vorthon Sawaswong
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Elizabeth Fahsbender
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 9413, USA.
| | - Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 9413, USA.
| | - Taratorn Kemthong
- National Primate Research Center-Chulalongkorn University, Saraburi 18110, Thailand.
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | | | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Chulalongkorn University (CUSB), Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 9413, USA.
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Gamage S, Peddibhotla S, Reddy PH, Dhurandhar NV, Hegde V. Improvement in Glycemic Control in Mice of Different Age Groups. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 129:519-527. [PMID: 31340394 DOI: 10.1055/a-0961-7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS The declining ability to control blood glucose with advancement of age is an important health risk factor and may lead to insulin resistance, type-2-diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Adenovirus 36(Ad36) improves glycemic control independent of insulin signaling(insulin sparing effect) as evidenced by cell, animal and observational human studies. This property of Ad36 may be useful in correcting aging-related glucose intolerance and related health conditions. Therefore, we determined the effect of Ad36 on glycemic control in older mice, to identify the age group that best responds to Ad36. Six, 12 or 20-month old C57Bl/6 mice on chow diet were each divided into weight-matched groups(mock-infected or Ad36-infected). Body weight was recorded weekly post infection (p.i.) and fasting glucose measured(week 0, 4, 8 and 20 p.i.). Blood glucose and serum insulin were measured during glucose tolerance test(week 0 and 16 p.i.). At week 20 p.i., animals were sacrificed, blood and tissues collected. RESULTS Mice from all age groups showed improvement in glucose clearance post Ad36 infection, but a more profound effect was observed in 6-month old mice compared with mock-infected mice. Under fed conditions though there was no difference in blood glucose at 20 wk p.i., interestingly, Ad36 reduced serum insulin in age groups old mice, compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest Ad36 infected animals improve glycemic control and clear post-prandial gluco00000se increase without increasing insulin secretion in an insulin sparing manner. These beneficial effects provide strong evidence for developing Ad36-based approaches as a novel tool to attenuate age associated glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhadinie Gamage
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Swetha Peddibhotla
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Neuroscience/Pharmacology and Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Vijay Hegde
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Obesity and Metabolic Health Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is now endemic throughout most of the world. Although addressing proximate causes of obesity (excess energy intake and reduced energy expenditure) have been longstanding global health priorities, the problem has continued to worsen at the global level. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous microbial agents cause obesity in various experimental models-a phenomena known as infectobesity. Several of the same agents alter metabolic function in human cells and are associated with human obesity or metabolic dysfunction in humans. We address the evidence for a role in the genesis of obesity for viral agents in five broad categories: adenoviridae, herpesviridae, phages, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (slow virus), and other encephalitides and hepatitides. Despite the importance of this topic area, there are many persistent knowledge gaps that need to be resolved. We discuss factors motivating further research and recommend that future infectobesity investigation should be more comprehensive, leveraged, interventional, and patient-centered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson D Voss
- United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Epidemiology Consult Service Division, 2510 Fifth Street, Building 840, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 41270, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1240, USA.
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Hegde V, Na HN, Dubuisson O, Burke SJ, Collier JJ, Burk D, Mendoza T, Dhurandhar NV. An adenovirus-derived protein: A novel candidate for anti-diabetic drug development. Biochimie 2016; 121:140-50. [PMID: 26700141 PMCID: PMC5125614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Exposure to human adenovirus Ad36 is causatively and correlatively linked with better glycemic control in animals and humans, respectively. Although the anti-hyperglycemic property of Ad36 may offer some therapeutic potential, it is impractical to use an infectious agent for therapeutic benefit. Cell-based studies identified that Ad36 enhances cellular glucose disposal via its E4orf1 protein. Ability to improve glycemic control in vivo is a critical prerequisite for further investigating the therapeutic potential of E4orf1. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of E4orf1 to improve glycemic control independent of insulin despite high fat diet. MATERIALS & METHODS 8-9wk old male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (60% kcal) were injected with a retrovirus plasmid expressing E4orf1, or a null vector (Control). Glycemic control was determined by glucose and insulin tolerance test. Islet cell size, amount of insulin and glucagon were determined in formalin-fixed pancreas. Rat insulinoma cell line (832/13) was infected with E4orf1 or control to determine changes in glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Protein from flash frozen adipose tissue depots, liver and muscle was used to determine molecular signaling by western blotting. RESULTS In multiple experiments, retrovirus-mediated E4orf1 expression in C57BL/6J mice significantly and reproducibly improved glucose excursion following a glucose load despite a high fat diet (60% energy). Importantly, E4orf1 improved glucose clearance without increasing insulin sensitivity, production or secretion, underscoring its insulin-independent effect. E4orf1 modulated molecular signaling in mice tissue, which included greater protein abundance of adiponectin, p-AKT and Glucose transporter Glu4. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the proof of concept for translational development of E4orf1 as a potential anti-diabetic agent. High fat intake and impaired insulin signaling are often associated with obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance. Hence, the ability of E4orf1 to improve glycemic control despite high fat diet and independent of insulin, is particularly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Hegde
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Ha-Na Na
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Olga Dubuisson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David Burk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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HAINER V, ZAMRAZILOVÁ H, KUNEŠOVÁ M, BENDLOVÁ B, ALDHOON-HAINEROVÁ I. Obesity and Infection: Reciprocal Causality. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S105-19. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between different infectious agents and obesity have been reported in humans for over thirty years. In many cases, as in nosocomial infections, this relationship reflects the greater susceptibility of obese individuals to infection due to impaired immunity. In such cases, the infection is not related to obesity as a causal factor but represents a complication of obesity. In contrast, several infections have been suggested as potential causal factors in human obesity. However, evidence of a causal linkage to human obesity has only been provided for adenovirus 36 (Adv36). This virus activates lipogenic and proinflammatory pathways in adipose tissue, improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and hepatic steatosis. The E4orf1 gene of Adv36 exerts insulin senzitizing effects, but is devoid of its pro-inflammatory modalities. The development of a vaccine to prevent Adv36-induced obesity or the use of E4orf1 as a ligand for novel antidiabetic drugs could open new horizons in the prophylaxis and treatment of obesity and diabetes. More experimental and clinical studies are needed to elucidate the mutual relations between infection and obesity, identify additional infectious agents causing human obesity, as well as define the conditions that predispose obese individuals to specific infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. HAINER
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Voss JD, Atkinson RL, Dhurandhar NV. Role of adenoviruses in obesity. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25:379-87. [PMID: 26352001 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Five human adenovirus subtypes, Ad5, Ad9, Ad31, Ad36, and Ad37, and a non-human adenovirus, SMAM1, are linked to increased adiposity in vitro or in vivo. Experimental infection with Ad5, Ad36, and Ad37 produced excess adiposity or weight gain in animals. Ad9 and Ad31 increase fat storage in tissue culture but are not associated with animal or human obesity. Ad36 is the most extensively studied adipogenic adenovirus and is correlated with some measure of overweight/obesity in humans from multiple countries. The correlation is strongest and most consistent in children, but some studies have been negative in both children and adults. About 30% of overweight/obese children and adults and about 15-20% of lean individuals have Ad36 antibodies in epidemiologic studies. The mechanisms of action of Ad36 are due to the early gene 4, open reading frame 1 (E4-ORF1). Blocking E4-ORF1 with siRNA prevents the effects of Ad36, and transfection of lentivirus with E4-ORF1 reproduces the Ad36 effects. Increased adiposity is caused by stimulation of at least three pathways by Ad36. Cell membrane glucose receptors are increased via the Ras pathway, leading to increased intracellular glucose. Fatty acid synthase is increased, which converts the glucose to fatty acids. Finally, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is increased, resulting in differentiation of adult stem cells into adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS several adenoviruses increase adiposity in animals and are associated with obesity in humans. There are critical gaps in the literature needing further investigation including evaluation of other adenovirus subtypes and better research designs to improve the strength of causal inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson D Voss
- Epidemiology Consult Division, United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Richard L Atkinson
- Virginia Obesity Research Institute, Richmond, VA, USA.,Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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