1
|
Lan X, Wang J, Chen P, Liang Q, Zhang L, Ma C. Risk assessment of environmental and bystander exposure from agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle sprayers in golden coconut plantations: Effects of droplet size and spray volume. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116675. [PMID: 38971099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers are widely utilized in commercial aerial application of plant protection products (PPPs) in East Asian countries due to their high flexibility, high efficiency and low cost, but spray drift can lead to low utilization of UAV sprayers application, environmental pollution and bystander exposure risk. Droplet size and spray volume are critical factors affecting spray drift. Currently, the high temperature and humidity environment under the influence of the tropical monsoon climate brings new challenges for UAV sprayers. Therefore, in this study, pesticides were simulated with seduction red solution, and spraying trials were conducted using the DJI commercial T40 UAV sprayers for a typical tropical crop, coconut. In this study, the spray drift distribution of droplets on the ground and in the air, as well as the bystander exposure risk, were comparatively analyzed using droplet size (VF, M, and C) and spray volume (75 L/hm2 and 60 L/hm2) as trial variables. The results indicated that the spray drift characteristics of UAV sprayers were significantly affected by droplet size and spray volume. The spray drift percentage was negatively correlated with the downwind distance and the sampling height. The smaller the droplet size, the farther the buffer zone distance, up to more than 30 m, and the cumulative drift percentage is also greater, resulting in a significant risk of spray drift. The reduction in spray volume helped to reduce the spray drift, and the cumulative drift percentage was reduced by 73.87 % with a droplet size of M. The region of the body where spray drift is deposited the most on bystanders is near chest height. This study provides a reference for the rational and safe use of multirotor UAV sprayers application operations in the tropics and enriches the spray drift database in the tropics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Lan
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Pengchao Chen
- National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, College of Electronic Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifu Liang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Linjia Zhang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panis C, Lemos B. Pesticide exposure and increased breast cancer risk in women population studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:172988. [PMID: 38710391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is emerging as a risk factor for various human diseases. Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease with known genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Most BC cases are attibutable to non-genetic risk factors, with a history of adverse environmental exposures playing a significant role. Pesticide exposure can occur at higher levels in female populations participating in rural activities such as spraying of pesticides in the field, unprotected handling of pesticides at home, and washing of contaminated clothes. Exposure can also be significant in the drinking water of certain populations. Here, we reviewed the literature on women's exposure to pesticides and the risk of BC. We summarize the main links between pesticide exposure and BC and discuss the role of dose and exposure context, as well as potential mechanisms of toxicity. Overall, reports reviewed here have documented stronger associations between higher levels of exposure and BC risk, including documenting direct and acute pesticide exposure in certain female populations. However, discrepancies among studies regarding dose and mode of exposure may result in misunderstandings about the risks posed by pesticide exposure. Plausible mechanisms linking pesticides to breast cancer risk include their impacts as endocrine disruptors, as well as their roles as genotoxic agents, and modulators of the epigenome. Besides establishing links between pesticide exposure and breast cancer, the literature also highlights the critical need to understand the routes and doses of women's exposure to pesticides and the specific associations and mechanisms that are determinants of disease etiology and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Panis
- R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Coit Center for Longevity and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Onat İ, Kocagöz R, Öz MD, Yeniay L, Tiftikçioğlu YÖ, Zekioğlu O, Serin G, Özdemir M, Gür E, Süzen HS, Orhan H. Blood and tissue levels of persistent organic pollutants and genetic susceptibility in patients with breast cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104433. [PMID: 38583790 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
We investigated possible associations between the internal concentrations of POPs and correlations between blood and tumor tissue concentrations in patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer and breast reduction as controls. Genetic variations in CYP1A1, GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and hOGG1 were evaluated to determine whether they represent risk factors for breast cancer. Certain POPs have been found to be associated with breast cancer development. GST-P1 polymorphism represented a significant risk for breast cancer with unadjusted OR. However, the GSTT1 null polymorphism represented a significant risk for breast cancer when OR adjusted for age and smoking status. CYP1A1 polymorphism was a significant risk factor for breast cancer, regardless of whether the OR was adjusted. These results suggest that exposure to certain POPs, GSTT1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms, age, and smoking status are risk factors for breast cancer. In addition, the blood concentrations of some POPs represent surrogates for breast tissue concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İlgen Onat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Rasih Kocagöz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Merve Demirbügen Öz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandoğan, Ankara 06350, Turkey
| | | | | | - Osman Zekioğlu
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Gürdeniz Serin
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir 35040, Turkey
| | | | - Ersin Gür
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Turkey
| | - Halit Sinan Süzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandoğan, Ankara 06350, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Orhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova-İzmir 35040, Turkey; İzmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (İBG-İzmir), Balcova-İzmir 35340, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hyland C, McConnell K, DeYoung E, Curl CL. Evaluating the accuracy of satellite-based methods to estimate residential proximity to agricultural crops. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:294-307. [PMID: 36002734 PMCID: PMC9950293 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic investigations increasingly employ remote sensing data to estimate residential proximity to agriculture as a means of approximating individual-level pesticide exposure. Few studies have examined the accuracy of these methods and the implications for exposure misclassification. OBJECTIVES Compare metrics of residential proximity to agricultural land between a groundtruth approach and commonly-used satellite-based estimates. METHODS We inspected 349 fields and identified crops in current production within a 0.5 km radius of 40 residences in Idaho. We calculated the distance from each home to the nearest agricultural field and the total acreage of agricultural fields within a 0.5 km buffer. We compared these groundtruth estimates to satellite-derived estimates from three widely used datasets: CropScape, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and Landsat imagery (using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index thresholds). RESULTS We found poor to moderate agreement between the classification of individuals living within 0.5 km of an agricultural field between the groundtruth method and the comparison datasets (53.1-77.6%). All satellite-derived estimates overestimated the acreage of agricultural land within 0.5 km of each home (average = 82.8-148.9%). Using two satellite-derived datasets in conjunction resulted in substantial improvements; specifically, combining CropScape or NLCD with Landsat imagery had the highest percent agreement with the groundtruth data (92.8-93.8% agreement). SIGNIFICANCE Residential proximity to agriculture is frequently used as a proxy for pesticide exposure in epidemiologic investigations, and remote sensing-derived datasets are often the only practical means of identifying cultivated land. We found that estimates of agricultural proximity obtained from commonly-used satellite-based datasets are likely to result in exposure misclassification. We propose a novel approach that capitalizes on the complementary strengths of different sources of satellite imagery, and suggest the combined use of one dataset with high temporal resolution (e.g., Landsat imagery) in conjunction with a second dataset that delineates agricultural land use (e.g., CropScape or NLCD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Hyland
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
| | | | - Edwin DeYoung
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
da Silva RGS, Ferreira MO, Komori IMS, Oliveira HRM, Machado MG, Orrutea JFG, Alves FM, dos Santos Jaques H, da Silva JC, de Souza JA, Rech D, Panis C. Brief research report pesticide occupational exposure leads to significant inflammatory changes in normal mammary breast tissue. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1229422. [PMID: 37780419 PMCID: PMC10538633 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have documented the high occurrence of several tumors, including female breast cancer, in populations occupationally exposed to pesticides worldwide. It is believed that in addition to direct DNA damage, other molecular alterations that indicate genomic instability are associated, such as epigenetic modifications and the production of inflammation mediators. The present study characterized the profile of inflammatory changes in the breast tissue of women without cancer occupationally exposed to pesticides. In samples of normal breast tissue collected during biopsy and evaluated as negative for cancer by a pathologist, oxidative stress levels were assessed as inflammatory markers through measurements of lipoperoxides and total antioxidant capacity of the sample (TRAP) by high-sensitivity chemiluminescence, as well as levels of nitric oxide (NOx) metabolites. The levels of inflammation-modulating transcription factors PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) were also quantified, in addition to the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 12 (IL-12). The levels of lipoperoxides, TRAP, and NOx were significantly lower in the exposed group. On the other hand, PPAR-γ levels were increased in the breast tissue of exposed women, with no variation in NF-κB. There was also a rise of TNF-α in exposed women samples without significant variations in IL-12 levels. These findings suggest an inflammatory signature of the breast tissue associated with pesticide exposure, which may trigger mechanisms related to mutations and breast carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariane Okamoto Ferreira
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabella Mitsu Suo Komori
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Galvani Machado
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Mara Alves
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hellen dos Santos Jaques
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janaína Carla da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Janoário Athanazio de Souza
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
- Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Unioeste, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shetty SS, D D, S H, Sonkusare S, Naik PB, Kumari N S, Madhyastha H. Environmental pollutants and their effects on human health. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19496. [PMID: 37662771 PMCID: PMC10472068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous environmental contaminants significantly contribute to human disease, affecting climate change and public and individual health, resulting in increased mortality and morbidity. Because of the scarcity of information regarding pollution exposure from less developed nations with inadequate waste management, higher levels of poverty, and limited adoption of new technology, the relationship between pollutants and health effects needs to be investigated more. A similar situation is present in many developed countries, where solutions are only discovered after the harm has already been done and the necessity for safeguards has subsided. The connection between environmental toxins and health needs to be better understood due to difficulties in quantifying exposure levels and a lack of systematic monitoring. Different pollutants are to blame for both chronic and acute disorders. Additionally, research becomes challenging when disease problems are seen after prolonged exposure. This review aims to discuss the present understanding of the association between environmental toxins and human health in bridging this knowledge gap. The genesis of cancer and the impact of various environmental pollutants on the human body's cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, prenatal, and neural health are discussed in this overview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S. Shetty
- CentralResearch laboratory, Cellomics Laboratory, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru., Karnataka, India
| | - Deepthi D
- CentralResearch laboratory, Cellomics Laboratory, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru., Karnataka, India
| | - Harshitha S
- CentralResearch laboratory, Cellomics Laboratory, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru., Karnataka, India
| | - Shipra Sonkusare
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, 576018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth B. Naik
- Department of Pediatrics, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, 576018, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari N
- CentralResearch laboratory, Cellomics Laboratory, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru., Karnataka, India
- Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangaluru, 576018, Karnataka, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Rezende LM, da Silva Santos S, Monteiro GTR. Exposure to pesticides and breast cancer in the city of Petrópolis, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:56534-56541. [PMID: 36920612 PMCID: PMC10015526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association between pesticide use and breast cancer. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Petrópolis city, Brazil. The study data were obtained through interviews, and the magnitude of the association between self-reported pesticide exposure and breast cancer was determined using unconditional logistic regression. A higher estimated risk for breast cancer was found in women exposed to pesticides for 10 or more years, where this association was not statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 1.40; 95% CI 0.85-2.49). A positive statistically significant association was found between breast cancer and higher educational level or previous use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), whereas having had 2 or more pregnancies to term proved a protective factor. Further studies elucidating the contribution of pesticide exposure to the development of breast cancer are needed, given that current findings in the literature are conflicting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Moura de Rezende
- National School of Public Health (ENSP, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sabrina da Silva Santos
- National School of Public Health (ENSP, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gina Torres Rego Monteiro
- National School of Public Health (ENSP, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verzeñassi D, Vallini A, Fernández F, Ferrazini L, Lasagna M, Sosa AJ, Hough GE. Cancer incidence and death rates in Argentine rural towns surrounded by pesticide-treated agricultural land. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
|
9
|
Rai R, Fritschi L, Glass DC, Dorji N, El-Zaemey S. Comparison of agreement in asthmagen exposure assessments between rule-based automatic algorithms and a job exposure matrix in healthcare workers in Australia and Bhutan. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2089. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Assessment of occupational exposures is an integral component of population-based studies investigating the epidemiology of occupational diseases. However, all the available methods for exposure assessment have been developed, tested and used in high-income countries. Except for a few studies examining pesticide exposures, there is limited research on whether these methods are appropriate for assessing exposure in LMICs. The aim of this study is to compare a task-specific algorithm-based method (OccIDEAS) to a job-specific matrix method (OAsJEM) in the assessment of asthmagen exposures among healthcare workers in a high-income country and a low- and middle- income country (LMIC) to determine an appropriate assessment method for use in LMICs for future research.
Methods:
Data were obtained from a national cross-sectional survey of occupational asthmagens exposure in Australia and a cross-sectional survey of occupational chemical exposure among Bhutanese healthcare workers. Exposure was assessed using OccIDEAS and the OAsJEM. Prevalence of exposure to asthmagens and inter-rater agreement were calculated.
Results:
In Australia, the prevalence was higher for a majority of agents when assessed by OccIDEAS than by the OAsJEM (13 versus 3). OccIDEAS identified exposures to a greater number of agents (16 versus 7). The agreement as indicated by κ (Cohen’s Kappa coefficient) for six of the seven agents assessed was poor to fair (0.02 to 0.37). In Bhutan, the prevalence of exposure assessed by OccIDEAS was higher for four of the seven agents and κ was poor for all the four agents assessed (-0.06 to 0.13). The OAsJEM overestimated exposures to high-level disinfectants by assigning exposures to all participants from 10 (Bhutan) and 12 (Australia) ISCO-88 codes; whereas OccIDEAS assigned exposures to varying proportions of participants from these ISCO-codes.
Conclusion:
There was poor to fair agreement in the assessment of asthmagen exposure in healthcare workers between the two methods. The OAsJEM overestimated the prevalence of certain exposures. As compared to the OAsJEM, OccIDEAS appeared to be more appropriate for evaluating cross-country exposures to asthmagens in healthcare workers due to its inherent quality of assessing task-based determinants and its versatility in being adaptable for use in different countries with different exposure circumstances.
Collapse
|
10
|
Occupational Exposure to Pesticides Affects Pivotal Immunologic Anti-Tumor Responses in Breast Cancer Women from the Intermediate Risk of Recurrence and Death. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215199. [PMID: 36358618 PMCID: PMC9655347 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study presents information regarding the immunological changes induced by pesticide exposure in patients diagnosed with breast cancer occupationally exposed to pesticides. Such changes are helpful to understand tumor behavior under pesticide exposure and can be beneficial to re-stratify breast cancer patients occupationally exposed concerning their risk of disease recurrence and death. Abstract Breast cancer risk stratification is a strategy based using on clinical parameters to predict patients’ risk of recurrence or death, categorized as low, intermediate, or high risk. Both low and high risk are based on well-defined clinical parameters. However, the intermediate risk depends on more malleable parameters. It means an increased possibility for either suboptimal treatment, leading to disease recurrence, or systemic damage due to drug overload toxicity. Therefore, identifying new factors that help to characterize better the intermediate-risk stratification, such as environmental exposures, is necessary. For this purpose, we evaluated the impact of occupational exposure to pesticides on the systemic profile of cytokines (IL-12, IL-4, IL-17A, and TNF-α) and oxidative stress (hydroperoxides, total antioxidants, and nitric oxide metabolites), as well as TGF-β1, CTLA-4, CD8, and CD4 expression, investigated in tumor cells. Occupational exposure to pesticides decreased the levels of IL-12 and significantly increased the expression of TGF-β1 and CTLA-4 in the immune infiltrate. Nevertheless, we observed a decrease in CTLA-4 in tumor samples and CD8 in infiltrating cells of intermediate overweight or obese patients with at least one metastatic lymph node at the diagnosis. These findings indicate that occupational exposure to pesticides changes the molecular behavior of disease and should be considered for intermediate-risk stratification assessment in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Jing Q, Liu J, Chen A, Chen C, Liu J. The spatial-temporal chemical footprint of pesticides in China from 1999 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75539-75549. [PMID: 35657547 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of pesticides brings considerable environmental and human health impacts. This study conducted an overall assessment of the ecological impact of the extensive pesticide use in China from 1999 to 2018 through the Chemical Footprint (ChF) calculation. The results demonstrated that the primary ecological impacts caused by pesticides occurred in the most central and eastern regions in China, e.g., provinces of Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu. The northeastern, some southern and central provinces, e.g., Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Ningxia, and Shaanxi, got moderate impacts, whereas the northwest regions, e.g., Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Tibet, had much lighter impacts relatively. The agricultural soil in inland areas and surface sea waters in coastal provinces bore the major impacts of the pesticide pollution in China, shared above 80% of the ChF across all environmental compartments. Chlorpyrifos, pymetrozine, fenpropathrin, pyridaben, atrazine, etc., were the pesticides that had the greatest impacts on the ecosystem, which contributed over 95% of the total ChF of pesticides used in China, although the use amount of these pesticides accounted for less than 10% of the total use amount of all pesticides annually. The study also indicated that the overall ChF of pesticide use in China has been declining since 2010, which was corresponding with the control actions of highly hazardous pesticides, especially the elimination of high toxic organophosphorus insecticides during the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Jing
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junzhou Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Anna Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengkang Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of Natural Rheum tanguticum on the Cell Wall Integrity of Resistant Phytopathogenic Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165291. [PMID: 36014529 PMCID: PMC9414576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The abuse of agricultural antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant phytopathogens. Rifampicin and streptomycin and streptomycin resistance Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (PccS1) was obtained from pathological plants in a previous experiment. Rheum tanguticum, derived from the Chinese plateau area, exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against PccS1, yet the action mode has not been fully understood. In present text, the cell wall integrity of the PccS1 was tested by the variation of the cellular proteins, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) characteristics. Label-free quantitative proteomics was further used to identify the DEPs in the pathogen response to treatment with Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf. extract (abbreviated as RTMBE). Based on the bioinformatics analysis of these different expressed proteins (DEPs), RTMBE mainly inhibited some key protein expressions of beta-Lactam resistance, a two-component system and phosphotransferase system. Most of these membrane proteins were extraordinarily suppressed, which was also consistent with the morphological tests. In addition, from the downregulated flagellar motility related proteins, it was also speculated that RTMBE played an essential antibacterial role by affecting the swimming motility of the cells. The results indicated that Rheum tanguticum can be used to attenuate the virulence of the drug-resistant phytopathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
|
13
|
Brito-Marcelino A, Duarte-Tavares RJ, Marcelino KB, Silva-Neto JA. Breast cancer and occupational exposures: an integrative review of the literature. Rev Bras Med Trab 2021; 18:488-496. [PMID: 33688331 PMCID: PMC7934163 DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2020-595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational factors can lead to breast cancer, though the relationship between these variables is not well established. The objective of this study was to search the relevant literature for information on the association between breast cancer and exposure to occupational risk factors. For that purpose, electronic databases were searched using the following keywords: breast cancer and occupational exposures. A total of 40 articles published in the 10-year period from 2009 to 2019 were included in this review. Workers exposed to metals such as cadmium, chemical products, radiation and night work were more susceptible to breast cancer. The findings showed significant evidence to support an association between breast cancer and some chemical products, ionizing radiation and night work. However, most studies have difficulty establishing a causal relationship between these variables, pointing to the need for further investigation of these issues.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dereumeaux C, Fillol C, Quenel P, Denys S. Pesticide exposures for residents living close to agricultural lands: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105210. [PMID: 31739132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents living close to agricultural lands might be exposed to pesticides through non-occupational pathways including spray drift and volatilization of pesticides beyond the treated area. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to identify and analyze scientific literature measuring pesticide exposure in non-farmworker residents living close to agricultural lands, and to suggest practical implications and needs for future studies. METHODS A review was performed using inclusion criteria to identify original articles of interest published between 2003 and 2018. RESULTS From the 29 articles selected in this review, 2 belonged to the same study and were grouped, resulting in a total of 27 studies. Seven studies assessed exposure to pesticides using environmental samples, 13 collected biological samples and 7 analyzed both. Nine studies included a reference group of residents living far from agricultural lands while 11 assessed the influence of the spraying season or spray events on pesticide exposures. Studies included in this review provide evidence that residents living near to agricultural lands are exposed to higher levels of pesticides than residents living further away. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This review highlights that the following study design characteristics may be more appropriate than others to measure pesticide spray drift exposure in non-farmworker residents living close to agricultural lands: inclusion of a non-agricultural control group, collection of both biological and environmental samples with repeated sampling, measurements at different periods of the year, selection of numerous study sites related to one specific crop group, and measurements of pesticides which are specific to agricultural use. However, few studies to date incorporate all these characteristics. Additional studies are needed to comprehensively measure non-occupational pesticide exposures in this population in order to evaluate health risks, and to develop appropriate prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dereumeaux
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Clémence Fillol
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Quenel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Denys
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé Publique France, Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silva AMC, Campos PHN, Mattos IE, Hajat S, Lacerda EM, Ferreira MJM. Environmental Exposure to Pesticides and Breast Cancer in a Region of Intensive Agribusiness Activity in Brazil: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203951. [PMID: 31627286 PMCID: PMC6843507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a serious public health problem and is the second most prevalent cancer type in the world. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the association between pesticide use and breast cancer in a region of intense agribusiness activity in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on women living in the city of Rondonópolis, in the south of Mato Grosso state. There were 85 cases of women with confirmed breast cancer and 266 controls who were randomly selected from primary health care users. Bivariate and stratified analyses were performed. Multiple logistic regression was then performed, keeping in the final model the factors with a significance level lower than or equal to 0.05 or considered important according to apriori biological criteria. Results: In the final model, living near cropland with pesticides (OR: 2.37; CI: 95% 1.78–3.16) and women aged over 50 years who experienced early menarche (OR: 2.08; CI: 95% 1.06–4.12) had a higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to control subjects. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of exposure to pesticides as an environmental risk factor for the development of breast cancer among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ageo M C Silva
- Post Graduated Program of Environment and Health, Cuiaba University, Cuiabá 78065900, Brazil.
| | - Paulo H N Campos
- Post Graduated Program of Environment and Health, Cuiaba University, Cuiabá 78065900, Brazil.
| | - Inês E Mattos
- National School of Public Health, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
| | - Shakoor Hajat
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Eliana M Lacerda
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Marcelo J M Ferreira
- Post Graduated Program of Public Health, Medicine School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-140, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A case-control study of breast cancer risk and ambient exposure to pesticides. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3:e070. [PMID: 32166211 PMCID: PMC7028467 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While the estrogenic properties of certain pesticides have been established, associations between pesticide exposure and risk of breast cancer have been inconsistently observed. We investigated the relation between pesticide exposure and breast cancer risk using methods capable of objectively assessing exposure to specific pesticides occurring decades before diagnosis. Methods: A case–control study was conducted to evaluate the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer associated with historic pesticide exposure in California’s Central Valley, the most agriculturally productive region in the United States where pesticide drift poses a major source of nonoccupational exposure. Residential and occupational histories were linked to commercial pesticide reports and land use data to determine exposure to specific chemicals. Cases (N = 155) were recruited from a population-based cancer registry, and controls (N = 150) were obtained from tax assessor and Medicare list mailings. Results: There was no association between breast cancer and exposure to a selected group of organochlorine pesticides thought to have synergistic endocrine-disrupting potential; however, breast cancer was three times as likely to occur among women exposed to chlorpyrifos compared with those not exposed, after adjusting for exposure to other pesticides including organochlorines (OR = 3.22; 95% CI = 1.38, 7.53). Conclusions: Organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos, have rarely been evaluated in studies of breast cancer risk. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings and to better understand the underlying mechanisms given that chlorpyrifos has been detected in local air monitoring at levels of concern for residents living in the agricultural regions where it is used.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang S, El-Zaemey S, Heyworth J, Tang MC. DDT exposure in early childhood and female breast cancer: Evidence from an ecological study in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:1106-1112. [PMID: 30376997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Researchers still lack consensus on the association between exposure to DDT and the risk of breast cancer. One reason could be that the measurements of DDT obtained during or near the time of diagnosis may not reflect exposure during the etiologically relevant time period in a woman's life. This study undertook an ecological analysis to investigate whether exposure to DDT among cohort born between 1951 and 1959 (i.e. age 0-5 years) and who reached the age 50-54 years during 2001-2013 had an increased risk of breast cancer in adulthood. To do this, we used the number of DDT sprays in each township during the anti-malaria campaign in Taiwan in the 1950s as a proxy for direct DDT exposure. The DDT sprays were then linked to the township female breast cancer incidence rate in the 2000s when the birth cohorts had reached age 50-54 years. Insurance claims data were used to identify breast cancer cases during 1996-2013. Zero-Inflated Poisson regression was performed to estimate the effect of DDT sprays on the breast cancer incidence rate. The analysis was based on a total of 9 birth cohorts (1951-1959) in 349 townships who had lived at least up to age 50. On average, one DDT spray experienced during age 0-5 years was associated with an increase of 8 more female breast cancer cases per 100,000 during age 50-54. The effect appears to increase with the number of sprays. Our finding suggests that DDT exposure in early childhood could raise the risk of breast cancer in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chang
- Business School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Sonia El-Zaemey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Meng-Chi Tang
- Department of Economics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodgers KM, Udesky JO, Rudel RA, Brody JG. Environmental chemicals and breast cancer: An updated review of epidemiological literature informed by biological mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:152-182. [PMID: 28987728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many common environmental chemicals are mammary gland carcinogens in animal studies, activate relevant hormonal pathways, or enhance mammary gland susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Breast cancer's long latency and multifactorial etiology make evaluation of these chemicals in humans challenging. OBJECTIVE For chemicals previously identified as mammary gland toxicants, we evaluated epidemiologic studies published since our 2007 review. We assessed whether study designs captured relevant exposures and disease features suggested by toxicological and biological evidence of genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, tumor promotion, or disruption of mammary gland development. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed database for articles with breast cancer outcomes published in 2006-2016 using terms for 134 environmental chemicals, sources, or biomarkers of exposure. We critically reviewed the articles. RESULTS We identified 158 articles. Consistent with experimental evidence, a few key studies suggested higher risk for exposures during breast development to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dioxins, perfluorooctane-sulfonamide (PFOSA), and air pollution (risk estimates ranged from 2.14 to 5.0), and for occupational exposure to solvents and other mammary carcinogens, such as gasoline components (risk estimates ranged from 1.42 to 3.31). Notably, one 50-year cohort study captured exposure to DDT during several critical windows for breast development (in utero, adolescence, pregnancy) and when this chemical was still in use. Most other studies did not assess exposure during a biologically relevant window or specify the timing of exposure. Few studies considered genetic variation, but the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project reported higher breast cancer risk for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in women with certain genetic variations, especially in DNA repair genes. CONCLUSIONS New studies that targeted toxicologically relevant chemicals and captured biological hypotheses about genetic variants or windows of breast susceptibility added to evidence of links between environmental chemicals and breast cancer. However, many biologically relevant chemicals, including current-use consumer product chemicals, have not been adequately studied in humans. Studies are challenged to reconstruct exposures that occurred decades before diagnosis or access biological samples stored that long. Other problems include measuring rapidly metabolized chemicals and evaluating exposure to mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Rodgers
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Julia O Udesky
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Julia Green Brody
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA. Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:525-535. [PMID: 27614863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 762] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used widely to control weeds and insect infestation in agricultural fields and various pests and disease carriers (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks, rats, and mice) in houses, offices, malls, and streets. As the modes of action for pesticides are not species-specific, concerns have been raised about environmental risks associated with their exposure through various routes (e.g., residues in food and drinking water). Although such hazards range from short-term (e.g., skin and eye irritation, headaches, dizziness, and nausea) to chronic impacts (e.g., cancer, asthma, and diabetes), their risks are difficult to elucidate due to the involvement of various factors (e.g., period and level of exposure, type of pesticide (regarding toxicity and persistence), and the environmental characteristics of the affected areas). There are no groups in the human population that are completely unexposed to pesticides while most diseases are multi-causal to add considerable complexity to public health assessments. Hence, development of eco-friendly pesticide alternatives (e.g., EcoSMART) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques is desirable to reduce the impacts of pesticides. This paper was hence organized to present a comprehensive review on pesticides with respect to their types, environmental distribution, routes of exposure, and health impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Dept. of Farm, Power & Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pesticides: an update of human exposure and toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:549-599. [PMID: 27722929 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are a family of compounds which have brought many benefits to mankind in the agricultural, industrial, and health areas, but their toxicities in both humans and animals have always been a concern. Regardless of acute poisonings which are common for some classes of pesticides like organophosphoruses, the association of chronic and sub-lethal exposure to pesticides with a prevalence of some persistent diseases is going to be a phenomenon to which global attention has been attracted. In this review, incidence of various malignant, neurodegenerative, respiratory, reproductive, developmental, and metabolic diseases in relation to different routes of human exposure to pesticides such as occupational, environmental, residential, parental, maternal, and paternal has been systematically criticized in different categories of pesticide toxicities like carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, pulmonotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, and metabolic toxicity. A huge body of evidence exists on the possible role of pesticide exposures in the elevated incidence of human diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, asthma, bronchitis, infertility, birth defects, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, diabetes, and obesity. Most of the disorders are induced by insecticides and herbicides most notably organophosphorus, organochlorines, phenoxyacetic acids, and triazine compounds.
Collapse
|