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Asghar S, Atif M, Arshad S, Masood I, Hashmi A. Probing the parental cognizance of antibiotic resistance by using Health Belief Model: An exploratory study. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:28-35. [PMID: 37752028 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the determinants that innervate or avert the parents to use antibiotics responsibly for their children in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Further, to assess the cognizance of Pakistani parents about antibiotic resistance. METHODS The Health Belief Model (HBM) was utilized to design this study. Parents who were using antibiotics for their children were taken as study participants. They were recruited purposively from various public and private healthcare settings and were asked to conveniently participate in the study. A total of 18 in-depth interviews were conducted at time and place convenient to the study participants. Data were transcribed, translated and analyzed by framework analysis in accordance with the constructs of Health Belief Model including perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action. RESULTS Within each HBM construct, responses of participants were analyzed, yielding 8 themes and 17 subthemes. Parents had a knowledge of antibiotics but considered their families to be at low risk of antibiotic resistance since their families were "low users" of antibiotics. Majority of the participants were not aware of the indications and risks of antibiotic use and perceived the antibiotics as a quick fix for every ailment. Communicating the risks of antibiotic resistance to parents and providing actionable solutions to tackle antibiotic resistance may address these perceptions. CONCLUSION Though parents revealed awareness about antibiotics, they continue to overestimate the value of antibiotics. Refocus of the antibiotic stewardship interventions are required and these campaigns are needed to be tailored to target their intended audience in a format that is appropriate to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Asghar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saria Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Masood
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Hashmi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Tarciuc P, Duduciuc A, Chirila SI, Herdea V, Rosu O, Varga A, Ioniuc I, Diaconescu S. Assessing the Effects of Medical Information on Parental Self-Medication Behaviors for Children's Health: A Comparative Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2093. [PMID: 38138196 PMCID: PMC10745013 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Health professionals have voiced concerns about the danger of self-medication in times of growing use of over-the-counter medicines and, in some contexts, the unregulated selling of them. Previous research has examined the incidence of parental self-medication as well as the use and abuse of antibiotics without medical advice. However, these studies have limited evidence on the role of family doctors and the perceived severity of self-medication in the case of parents. Based on the Health Belief Model, our research tested the effects of exposure to medical information on the parents' attitudes toward self-treating their children, without medical advice. Specifically, we aimed to assess whether exposure to information warning about the risks of treating children without a medical prescription influences parents' attitudes toward administering medicines to their children without medical advice. Materials and Methods: 210 parents engaged in the study, and were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to educational materials related to the perils of self-medication and the second one was not. All participants answered the same questionnaire and the answers were compared between the two groups. Results: The results showed that our respondents evaluated the practices of self-medication negatively (a higher score indicates a more negative evaluation), especially when it came to treating their children without medical advice (3.91 ± 1.04 for unexposed and 3.98 ± 1.08 for exposed). However, their attitudes towards self-medication varied depending on their beliefs about administering certain medications. Both those exposed to the warning information and those who were not exposed have agreed that they are unable to avoid treatment of their ill child without medical advice. Conclusions: In general, our respondents evaluate negatively the practices of self-medication, especially the treatment of their children without medical advice. Therefore, future health education campaigns need to be targeted specifically, with messages that guide how to act in particular cases depending on the medication used and the child's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petruța Tarciuc
- Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Str., 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Duduciuc
- Faculty of Communication and Public Relations, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, 012104 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sergiu Ioachim Chirila
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Valeria Herdea
- Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Str., 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Oana Rosu
- Doctoral School, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Str., 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Andreea Varga
- Department ME2-Clinical Disciplines, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540042 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Smaranda Diaconescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University of Medicine, 67A Gheorghe Petrascu Str., 031593 Bucharest, Romania
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Pennino F, Maccauro ML, Sorrentino M, Gioia M, Riello S, Messineo G, Di Rosa C, Montuori P, Triassi M, Nardone A. Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors Concerning Antibiotic Use in a Large Metropolitan Area: Implications for Public Health and Policy Interventions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1476. [PMID: 37887177 PMCID: PMC10603846 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics pose a grave threat to public health, contributing significantly to the accelerated development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and increased rates of morbidity and mortality, making it a leading cause of death globally. To examine the relationship between demographic variables and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning antibiotic use, a survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1158 individuals. The questionnaire included two sections: in the first section, participants' socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed; the second investigated knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning antibiotics utilization using a total of 36 questions. Descriptive statistics were used, and then a multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) using three models was carried out. In Model I, knowledge about antibiotics exhibited correlations with smoking habits and educational attainment. In Model II, attitudes were significantly associated with gender, smoking habits, age, education, relationship status, and knowledge. In Model III, behaviors related to antibiotics were correlated with educational attainment, having children, knowledge, and attitudes. Implementing tailored public health programs could be a cost-effective intervention to enhance behaviors associated with antibiotic use in the general population. This study offers valuable insights into the determinants of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antibiotics in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pennino
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Via Sergio Pansini nº 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Catalano A, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Pellegrino M, Giuzio F, Marra M, Rosano C, Saturnino C, Sinicropi MS, Aquaro S. Antibiotic-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens and COVID-19: The Pandemic beyond the Pandemic. Viruses 2023; 15:1843. [PMID: 37766250 PMCID: PMC10537211 DOI: 10.3390/v15091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is a renewed public health plague in modern times, and the COVID-19 pandemic has rekindled this problem. Changes in antibiotic prescribing behavior, misinformation, financial hardship, environmental impact, and governance gaps have generally enhanced the misuse and improper access to antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic. These determinants, intersected with antibacterial resistance in the current pandemic, may amplify the potential for a future antibacterial resistance pandemic. The occurrence of infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), difficult-to-treat drug-resistant (DTR), carbapenem-resistant (CR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria is still increasing. The aim of this review is to highlight the state of the art of antibacterial resistance worldwide, focusing on the most important pathogens, namely Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and their resistance to the most common antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Federica Giuzio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Maria Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (M.M.); (M.S.S.); (S.A.)
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