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Mau RL, Hayer M, Purcell AM, Geisen S, Hungate BA, Schwartz E. Measurements of soil protist richness and community composition are influenced by primer pair, annealing temperature, and bioinformatics choices. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0080024. [PMID: 38920364 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00800-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Protists are a diverse and understudied group of microbial eukaryotic organisms especially in terrestrial environments. Advances in molecular methods are increasing our understanding of the distribution and functions of these creatures; however, there is a vast array of choices researchers make including barcoding genes, primer pairs, PCR settings, and bioinformatic options that can impact the outcome of protist community surveys. Here, we tested four commonly used primer pairs targeting the V4 and V9 regions of the 18S rRNA gene using different PCR annealing temperatures and processed the sequences with different bioinformatic parameters in 10 diverse soils to evaluate how primer pair, amplification parameters, and bioinformatic choices influence the composition and richness of protist and non-protist taxa using Illumina sequencing. Our results showed that annealing temperature influenced sequencing depth and protist taxon richness for most primer pairs, and that merging forward and reverse sequencing reads for the V4 primer pairs dramatically reduced the number of sequences and taxon richness of protists. The data sets of primers that targeted the same 18S rRNA gene region (e.g., V4 or V9) had similar protist community compositions; however, data sets from primers targeting the V4 18S rRNA gene region detected a greater number of protist taxa compared to those prepared with primers targeting the V9 18S rRNA region. There was limited overlap of protist taxa between data sets targeting the two different gene regions (80/549 taxa). Together, we show that laboratory and bioinformatic choices can substantially affect the results and conclusions about protist diversity and community composition using metabarcoding.IMPORTANCEEcosystem functioning is driven by the activity and interactions of the microbial community, in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Protists are a group of highly diverse, mostly unicellular microbes whose identity and roles in terrestrial ecosystem ecology have been largely ignored until recently. This study highlights the importance of choices researchers make, such as primer pair, on the results and conclusions about protist diversity and community composition in soils. In order to better understand the roles protist taxa play in terrestrial ecosystems, biases in methodological and analytical choices should be understood and acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Mau
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Michaela Hayer
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Alicia M Purcell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Egbert Schwartz
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Mazurkiewicz M, Pawłowska J, Barrenechea Angeles I, Grzelak K, Deja K, Zaborska A, Pawłowski J, Włodarska-Kowalczuk M. Sediment DNA metabarcoding and morphology provide complementary insight into macrofauna and meiobenthos response to environmental gradients in an Arctic glacial fjord. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106552. [PMID: 38788477 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Arctic fjords ecosystems are highly dynamic, with organisms exposed to various natural stressors along with productivity clines driven by advection of water masses from shelves. The benthic response to these environmental clines has been extensively studied using traditional, morphology-based approaches mostly focusing on macroinvertebrates. In this study we analyse the effects of glacially mediated disturbance on the biodiversity of benthic macrofauna and meiobenthos (meiofauna and Foraminifera) in a Svalbard fjord by comparing morphology and eDNA metabarcoding. Three genetic markers targeting metazoans (COI), meiofauna (18S V1V2) and Foraminifera (18S 37f) were analyzed. Univariate measures of alpha diversity and multivariate compositional dissimilarities were calculated and tested for similarities in response to environmental gradients using correlation analysis. Our study showed different taxonomic composition of morphological and molecular datasets for both macrofauna and meiobenthos. Some taxonomic groups while abundant in metabarcoding data were almost absent in morphology-based inventory and vice versa. In general, species richness and diversity measures in macrofauna morphological data were higher than in metabarcoding, and similar for the meiofauna. Both methodological approaches showed different patterns of response to the glacially mediated disturbance for the macrofauna and the meiobenthos. Macrofauna showed an evident distinction in taxonomic composition and a dramatic cline in alpha diversity indices between the outer and inner parts of fjord, while the meiobenthos showed a gradual change and more subtle responses to environmental changes along the fjord axis. The two methods can be seen as complementing rather than replacing each other. Morphological approach provides more accurate inventory of larger size species and more reliable quantitative data, while metabarcoding allows identification of inconspicuous taxa that are overlooked in morphology-based studies. As different taxa may show different sensitivities to environmental changes, both methods shall be used to monitor marine biodiversity in Arctic ecosystems and its response to dramatically changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Mazurkiewicz
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pawłowska
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Inés Barrenechea Angeles
- Department of Geosciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Dramsvegen 201, 9010, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katarzyna Grzelak
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Kajetan Deja
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Agata Zaborska
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland
| | - Jan Pawłowski
- Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712, Sopot, Poland; ID-Gene Ecodiagnostics, Chemin du Pont-du-Centenaire 109, 1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
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3
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Maggard IJ, Deel KB, Etoll TW, Sproles RC, Lane TW, Cahoon AB. Freshwater mussels prefer a diet of stramenopiles and fungi over bacteria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11958. [PMID: 38796489 PMCID: PMC11127930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) play a crucial role in freshwater river environments where they live in multi-species aggregations and often serve as long-lived benthic ecosystem engineers. Many of these species are imperiled and it is imperative that we understand their basic needs to aid in the reestablishment and maintenance of mussel beds in rivers. In an effort to expand our knowledge of the diet of these organisms, five species of mussel were introduced into enclosed systems in two experiments. In the first, mussels were incubated in water from the Clinch River (Virginia, USA) and in the second, water from a manmade pond at the Commonwealth of Virginia's Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Center in Marion, VA. Quantitative PCR and eDNA metabarcoding were used to determine which planktonic microbes were present before and after the introduction of mussels into each experimental system. It was found that all five species preferentially consumed microeukaryotes over bacteria. Most microeukaryotic taxa, including Stramenopiles and Chlorophytes were quickly consumed by all five mussel species. We also found that they consumed fungi but not as quickly as the microalgae, and that one species of mussel, Ortmanniana pectorosa, consumed bacteria but only after preferred food sources were depleted. Our results provide evidence that siphon feeding Unionid mussels can select preferred microbes from mixed plankton, and mussel species exhibit dietary niche differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla B Deel
- The University of Virginia's College at Wise, Wise, VA, USA
| | - Tina W Etoll
- The University of Virginia's College at Wise, Wise, VA, USA
| | | | - Tim W Lane
- The Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Center, Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, Marion, VA, USA
| | - A Bruce Cahoon
- The University of Virginia's College at Wise, Wise, VA, USA.
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Stuart J, Ryan KG, Pearman JK, Thomson-Laing J, Hampton HG, Smith KF. A comparison of two gene regions for assessing community composition of eukaryotic marine microalgae from coastal ecosystems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6442. [PMID: 38499675 PMCID: PMC10948787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Two gene regions commonly used to characterise the diversity of eukaryotic communities using metabarcoding are the 18S ribosomal DNA V4 and V9 gene regions. We assessed the effectiveness of these two regions for characterising diverisity of coastal eukaryotic microalgae communities (EMCs) from tropical and temperate sites. We binned amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) into the high level taxonomic groups: dinoflagellates, pennate diatoms, radial centric diatoms, polar centric diatoms, chlorophytes, haptophytes and 'other microalgae'. When V4 and V9 generated ASV abundances were compared, the V9 region generated a higher number of raw reads, captured more diversity from all high level taxonomic groups and was more closely aligned with the community composition determined using light microscopy. The V4 region did resolve more ASVs to a deeper taxonomic resolution within the dinoflagellates, but did not effectively resolve other major taxonomic divisions. When characterising these communities via metabarcoding, the use of multiple gene regions is recommended, but the V9 gene region can be used in isolation to provide high-level community biodiversity to reflect relative abundances within groups. This approach reduces the cost of sequencing multiple gene regions whilst still providing important baseline ecosystem function information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Stuart
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand.
| | - Ken G Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - John K Pearman
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
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Useros F, García-Cunchillos I, Henry N, Berney C, Lara E. How good are global DNA-based environmental surveys for detecting all protist diversity? Arcellinida as an example of biased representation. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16606. [PMID: 38509748 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabarcoding approaches targeting microeukaryotes have deeply changed our vision of protist environmental diversity. The public repository EukBank consists of 18S v4 metabarcodes from 12,672 samples worldwide. To estimate how far this database provides a reasonable overview of all eukaryotic diversity, we used Arcellinida (lobose testate amoebae) as a case study. We hypothesised that (1) this approach would allow the discovery of unexpected diversity, but also that (2) some groups would be underrepresented because of primer/sequencing biases. Most of the Arcellinida sequences appeared in freshwater and soil, but their abundance and diversity appeared underrepresented. Moreover, 84% of ASVs belonged to the suborder Phryganellina, a supposedly species-poor clade, whereas the best-documented suborder (Glutinoconcha, 600 described species) was only marginally represented. We explored some possible causes of these biases. Mismatches in the primer-binding site seem to play a minor role. Excessive length of the target region could explain some of these biases, but not all. There must be some other unknown factors involved. Altogether, while metabarcoding based on ribosomal genes remains a good first approach to document microbial eukaryotic clades, alternative approaches based on other genes or sequencing techniques must be considered for an unbiased picture of the diversity of some groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván García-Cunchillos
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nicolas Henry
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, Paris, France
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Cédric Berney
- CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
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Niu B, Pang J, Lundholm N, Liang C, Teng ST, Zheng Q, Guo X, Li Y. A Pseudo-nitzschia metabarcoding approach with a calibrated ITS1 reference sequence database applied in the Taiwan Strait. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 133:102602. [PMID: 38485439 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia is a cosmopolitan phytoplankton genus of which some species can form blooms and produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). Identification of Pseudo-nitzschia is generally based on field material or strains followed by morphological and/or molecular characterization. However, this process is time-consuming and laborious, and can not obtain a relatively complete and reliable profile of the Pseudo-nitzschia community, because species with low abundance in the field or potentially unavailable for culturing may easily be overlooked. In the present study, specific ITS primer sets were designed and evaluated using in silico matching. The primer set ITS-84F/456R involving the complete ITS1 region was found optimal. Based on matching with a Pseudo-nitzschia ITS1 reference sequence database carefully-calibrated in this study, a metabarcoding approach using annotated amplicon sequence variants (ASV) was applied in the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea during two cruises in the spring and summer of 2019. In total, 48 Pseudo-nitzschia species/phylotypes including 36 known and 12 novel were uncovered, and verified by haplotype networks, ITS2 secondary structure comparisons and divergence analyses. Correlation analyses revealed that temperature was a key factor affecting the seasonal variation of the Pseudo-nitzschia community. This study provides an overview of the Pseudo-nitzschia community in the Taiwan Strait, with new insights into the diversity. The developed metabarcoding approach may be used elsewhere as a standard reference for accurate annotation of Pseudo-nitzschia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jinxiu Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Cuiwen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sing Tung Teng
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Qixiang Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, West 55 of Zhongshan Avenue, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Wu C, Peng J, Song T. An Integrated Investigation of the Relationship between Two Soil Microbial Communities (Bacteria and Fungi) and Chrysanthemum Zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. Wilt Disease. Microorganisms 2024; 12:337. [PMID: 38399741 PMCID: PMC10892819 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum wilt is a plant disease that exerts a substantial influence on the cultivation of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Herb.) for tea and beverage production. The rhizosphere microbial population exhibits a direct correlation with the overall health of plants. Therefore, studying the rhizosphere microbial community of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. is of great significance for finding methods to control this disease. This study obtained rhizosphere soil samples from both diseased and healthy plant individuals and utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze their microbial composition. The results showed that the rhizosphere microbial diversity decreased significantly, and the microbial community structure changed significantly. In the affected soil, the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as rhizospora and Phytophthora was greatly increased, while the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as antagonistic fungi and actinomyces was greatly decreased. In addition, this study also found that soil environmental variables have an important impact on plant resistance; the environmental factors mainly include soil properties, content of major microorganisms, and resistance characteristics of samples. Redundancy analysis showed that the drug-resistant population had a greater impact on the 10 species with the highest abundance, and the environmental factors were more closely related to the sensitive population. In the fungal community, the resistant sample group was more sensitive to the influence of environmental factors and high-abundance fungi. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improving microbial community structure by optimizing fertilization structure, thus affecting the distribution of bacteria and fungi, and thus improving the disease resistance of chrysanthemum. In addition, by regulating and optimizing microbial community structure, new ideas and methods can be provided for the prevention and control of chrysanthemum wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.P.); (T.S.)
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Doliwa A, Grabner D, Sures B, Dunthorn M. Comparing Microsporidia-targeting primers for environmental DNA sequencing. Parasite 2023; 30:52. [PMID: 38015008 PMCID: PMC10683580 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding is a powerful tool to detect classical, and well-known "long-branch" Microsporidia in environmental samples. Several primer pairs were developed to target these unique microbial parasites, the majority of which remain undetected when using general metabarcoding primers. Most of these Microsporidia-targeting primer pairs amplify fragments of different length of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene. However, we lack a broad comparison of the efficacy of those primers. Here, we conducted in silico PCRs with three short-read (which amplify a few-hundred base pairs) and two long-read (which amplify over a thousand base pairs) metabarcoding primer pairs on a variety of publicly available Microsporidia sensu lato SSU-rRNA gene sequences to test which primers capture most of the Microsporidia diversity. Our results indicate that the primer pairs do result in slight differences in inferred richness. Furthermore, some of the reverse primers are also able to bind to microsporidian subtaxa beyond the classical Microsporidia, which include the metchnikovellidan Amphiamblys spp., the chytridiopsid Chytridiopsis typographi and the "short-branch" microsporidian Mitosporidium daphniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Doliwa
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5 45141 Essen Germany
- Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo 0562 Oslo Norway
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Yao H, Li Z, Geisen S, Qiao Z, Breed MF, Sun X. Degree of urbanization and vegetation type shape soil biodiversity in city parks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:166437. [PMID: 37604369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization negatively impacts aboveground biodiversity, such as bird and insect communities. City parks can reduce these negative impacts by providing important habitat. However, it remains poorly understood how the degree of urbanization and vegetation types within city parks (e.g., lawns, woodland) impact soil biodiversity. Here we investigated the impact of the degree of urbanization (urban vs. suburban) and vegetation type (lawn, shrub-lawn, tree-lawn and tree-shrub mixtures) on soil biodiversity in parkland systems. We used eDNA metabarcoding to characterize soil biodiversity of bacteria, fungi, protists, nematodes, meso- and macrofauna across park vegetation types in urban and suburban regions in Xiamen, China. We observed a strong effect of the degree of urbanization on the richness of different soil biota groups, with higher species richness of protists and meso/macrofauna in urban compared to suburban areas, while the richness of bacteria and fungi did not differ, and the difference of nematode richness depended on vegetation type. At the functional level, increased degree of urbanization associated with greater species richness of bacterivores, plant pathogens and animal parasites. These urbanization effects were at least partly modulated by higher soil phosphorous levels in urban compared to suburban sites. Also, the vegetation type impacted soil biodiversity, particularly fungal richness, with the richness of pathogenic and saprotrophic fungi increasing from lawn to tree-shrub mixtures. Tree-shrub mixtures also had the highest connectedness between biotas and lowest variation in the soil community structure. Overall, we show that soil biodiversity is strongly linked to the degree of urbanization, with overall richness increasing with urbanization, especially in bacterivores, plant pathogens and animal parasites. Targeted management of vegetation types in urban areas should provide a useful way to help mitigate the negative effect of urbanization on soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 ES Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Zhihong Qiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
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10
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von Ammon U, Casanovas P, Pochon X, Zirngibl M, Leonard K, Smith A, Chetham J, Milner D, Zaiko A. Harnessing environmental DNA to reveal biogeographical patterns of non-indigenous species for improved co-governance of the marine environment in Aotearoa New Zealand. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17061. [PMID: 37816793 PMCID: PMC10564887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aotearoa New Zealand's Northern region is a major gateway for the incursion and establishment of non-indigenous species (NIS) populations due to high numbers of recreational and commercial vessels. This region also holds a unique marine ecosystem, home to many taonga (treasured) species of cultural and economic importance. Regular surveillance, eradication plans and public information sharing are undertaken by local communities and governmental organizations to protect these ecosystems from the impact of NIS. Recently, considerable investments went into environmental DNA (eDNA) research, a promising approach for the early detection of NIS for complementing existing biosecurity systems. We applied eDNA metabarcoding for elucidating bioregional patterns of NIS distributions across a gradient from harbors (NIS hotspots) to open seas (spreading areas). Samples were collected during a research cruise sailing across three Aotearoa New Zealand harbors, Waitematā, Whangārei and Pēwhairangi (Bay of Islands), and their adjacent coastal waters. The small-ribosomal subunit (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes were screened using the online Pest Alert Tool for automated detection of putative NIS sequences. Using a probabilistic modelling approach, location-dependent occupancies of NIS were investigated and related to the current information on species distribution from biosecurity surveillance programs. This study was collaboratively designed with Māori partners to initiate a model of co-governance within the existing science system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xavier Pochon
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, 6011, New Zealand
| | | | - Kaeden Leonard
- Northland Regional Council, Whangārei, 9021, New Zealand
| | - Aless Smith
- Northland Regional Council, Whangārei, 9021, New Zealand
| | - Juliane Chetham
- Patuharakeke Te Iwi Trust Board, Takahiwai, 0171, New Zealand
| | - Dave Milner
- Patuharakeke Te Iwi Trust Board, Takahiwai, 0171, New Zealand
| | - Anastasija Zaiko
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
- Sequench Ltd, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
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Ballesteros N, Páez L, Luna N, Reina A, Urrea V, Sánchez C, Ramírez A, Ramirez JD, Muñoz M. Characterization of microbial communities in seven wetlands with different anthropogenic burden using Next Generation Sequencing in Bogotá, Colombia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16973. [PMID: 37813873 PMCID: PMC10562456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wetlands represent key ecosystems due to their remarkable biodiversity, ecological functions and multiple ecosystem services provided. In Colombia, there are 31,702 wetlands, 13 of which are in Bogotá, capital of the country. Despite the fundamental socioecological support of these aquatic ecosystems, a tremendous loss and degradation of these ecosystems has been observed due to anthropogenic perturbations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the status of seven Bogotá wetlands with variable anthropogenic interventions by measuring organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological parameters, using commercial kits, highly sensitive equipment, and next-generation sequencing of the 16S- and 18S-rRNA genes. Our findings describe the status of seven wetlands with different anthropogenic burden in Bogotá-Colombia where physicochemical and microbiology signals of contamination were observed. Additionally, some profiles in the composition of the microbial communities, together with certain physicochemical characteristics, may represent an insight into the environmental dynamics, where Beta Proteobacteria such as Malikia represent a potential keystone in aquatic ecosystems impacted by wastewater effluent discharges; the presence of nitrates and phosphates explain the abundance of bacteria capable of oxidizing these compounds, such as Polynucleobacter. Moreover, the presence of specific prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, such as Clostridium, Cryptococcus, Candida, and Naegleria, reported in one or more of the wetlands assessed here, could represent a possible pathogenic risk for human and animal health. This study performed a complete evaluation of seven Bogotá wetlands with different anthropogenic impacts for the first time, and our findings emphasize the importance of maintaining continuous monitoring of these water bodies given their remarkable ecological importance and potential spill-over of several pathogens to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Ballesteros
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Páez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Luna
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ariana Reina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Urrea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catalina Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angie Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramirez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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12
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Xin Y, Zhang J, Lu T, Wei Y, Shen P. Response of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and algal communities to heavy rainfall in a reservoir supplied with reclaimed water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117394. [PMID: 36774902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The global climate change made the heavy rainfall happen more frequently, and the non-point source pollution caused by it would exacerbate the risk to the water ecological environment. In this study, we took a reservoir (Shahe reservoir, Beijing, China) supplied with reclaimed water as an exapmle to investigate how spatiotemporal changes in the quantity and diversity of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and algal communities respond to heavy rainfall. Results showed that heavy rainfall could directly impact the composition of the prokaryotic community by introducing amounts of runoff closely associated bacterium especially for the human potential pathogens such as Aliarcobacter, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas in the Shahe reservoir area. While the eukaryotic community was rather stable, and the development and changes in algal communities occurred in the last few days after heavy rainfall. The microbial source tracking through FEAST indicated that Nansha river (S) was the major contributor to the development of all the three concerned communities in the reservoir. The co-occurrence analysis showed that the modules with the highest cumulative abundance in each community were all strongly and positively connected with Chl-a, pH, turbidity, COD and TOC, but negatively correlated with NO3-N (p < 0.01). The network analysis showed that the eukaryotes played a key role in the interaction network among the three communities, and were more likely to interact with algae and prokaryotes. It was suggested that the controlling of human potential pathogens associated with prokaryotic community should be emphasized at the beginning of the heavy rainfall, but the prevention of the eutrophication bloom should be another focus after the heavy rainfall. This study provided valuable information concerning the role of heavy rainfall on the water ecological environment from the perspective of microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junya Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tiedong Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peihong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China.
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13
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Zhou T, Zhao F, Xu K. Information Scale Correction for Varying Length Amplicons Improves Eukaryotic Microbiome Data Integration. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040949. [PMID: 37110372 PMCID: PMC10146031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration and reanalysis of big data provide valuable insights into microbiome studies. However, the significant difference in information scale between amplicon data poses a key challenge in data analysis. Therefore, reducing batch effects is crucial to enhance data integration for large-scale molecular ecology data. To achieve this, the information scale correction (ISC) step, involving cutting different length amplicons into the same sub-region, is essential. In this study, we used the Hidden Markov model (HMM) method to extract 11 different 18S rRNA gene v4 region amplicon datasets with 578 samples in total. The length of the amplicons ranged from 344 bp to 720 bp, depending on the primer position. By comparing the information scale correction of amplicons with varying lengths, we explored the extent to which the comparability between samples decreases with increasing amplicon length. Our method was shown to be more sensitive than V-Xtractor, the most popular tool for performing ISC. We found that near-scale amplicons exhibited no significant change after ISC, while larger-scale amplicons exhibited significant changes. After the ISC treatment, the similarity among the data sets improved, especially for long amplicons. Therefore, we recommend adding ISC processing when integrating big data, which is crucial for unlocking the full potential of microbial community studies and advancing our knowledge of microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Bass D, Christison KW, Stentiford GD, Cook LSJ, Hartikainen H. Environmental DNA/RNA for pathogen and parasite detection, surveillance, and ecology. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:285-304. [PMID: 36759269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection of pathogens, parasites, and other symbionts in environmental samples via eDNA/eRNA (collectively eNA) is an increasingly important source of information about their occurrence and activity. There is great potential for using such detections as a proxy for infection of host organisms in connected habitats, for pathogen monitoring and surveillance, and for early warning systems for disease. However, many factors require consideration, and appropriate methods developed and verified, in order that eNA detections can be reliably interpreted and adopted for surveillance and assessment of disease risk, and potentially inclusion in international standards, such as the World Organisation for Animal Health guidelines. Disease manifestation results from host-symbiont-environment interactions between hosts, demanding a multifactorial approach to interpretation of eNA signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
| | - Kevin W Christison
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Private Bag X2, Vlaeberg, 8012, South Africa
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Lauren S J Cook
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK; Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Hanna Hartikainen
- University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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15
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Boussageon R, van Tuinen D, Lapadatescu C, Trépanier M, Vermersch E, Wipf D, Courty PE. Effects of field inoculation of potato tubers with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197,198 are cultivar dependent. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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16
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A bacillaceae consortium positively impacts arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonisation, plant phosphate nutrition, and tuber yield in Solanum tuberosum cv. Jazzy. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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17
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Metabarcoding Approaches for Soil Eukaryotes, Protists, and Microfauna. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2605:1-16. [PMID: 36520386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2871-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There have been major developments in the molecular characterization of soil protist and micrometazoan diversity, leading to a better understanding of these minute soil eukaryotes. Like in all newly developing research fields, several approaches are currently used in parallel to study these organisms. Here, we synthesize these various approaches and propose a best practice manual that should help researchers to efficiently target soil eukaryotic diversity as a whole. We cover the whole working pipeline, ranging from sampling to nucleic acids extraction to bioinformatic processing and sequence identification. Synchronous approaches to molecularly survey microbial-sized eukaryotes and other soil biodiversity groups are needed in order to provide a cumulative knowledge of soil biodiversity, as here shown for the soil eukaryome. This will be crucial in understanding the important ecosystem functions provided by soil biodiversity.
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18
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Milke F, Wagner-Doebler I, Wienhausen G, Simon M. Selection, drift and community interactions shape microbial biogeographic patterns in the Pacific Ocean. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2653-2665. [PMID: 36115923 PMCID: PMC9666467 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite accumulating data on microbial biogeographic patterns in terrestrial and aquatic environments, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how these patterns establish, in particular in ocean basins. Here we show the relative significance of the ecological mechanisms selection, dispersal and drift for shaping the composition of microbial communities in the Pacific Ocean over a transect of 12,400 km between subantarctic and subarctic regions. In the epipelagic, homogeneous selection contributes 50-60% and drift least to the three mechanism for the assembly of prokaryotic communities whereas in the upper mesopelagic, drift is relatively most important for the particle-associated subcommunities. Temperature is important for the relative significance of homogeneous selection and dispersal limitation for community assembly. The relative significance of both mechanisms was inverted with increasing temperature difference along the transect. For eukaryotes >8 µm, homogeneous selection is also the most important mechanisms at two epipelagic depths whereas at all other depths drift is predominant. As species interactions are essential for structuring microbial communities we further analyzed co-occurrence-based community metrics to assess biogeographic patterns over the transect. These interaction-adjusted indices explained much better variations in microbial community composition as a function of abiotic and biotic variables than compositional or phylogenetic distance measures like Bray-Curtis or UniFrac. Our analyses are important to better understand assembly processes of microbial communities in the upper layers of the largest ocean and how they adapt to effectively perform in global biogeochemical processes. Similar principles presumably act upon microbial community assembly in other ocean basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Milke
- grid.5560.60000 0001 1009 3608Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Doebler
- grid.6738.a0000 0001 1090 0254Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wienhausen
- grid.5560.60000 0001 1009 3608Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- grid.5560.60000 0001 1009 3608Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany ,grid.511218.eHelmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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19
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Hammond SW, Lodolo L, Hu SK, Pasulka AL. Methodological 'lenses' influence the characterization of phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal upwelling ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:897-906. [PMID: 36071313 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New technologies enable the opportunity to improve our monitoring and understanding of marine phytoplankton communities. However, careful consideration for how different methodological approaches, or 'lenses', influence our interpretation of phytoplankton ecology is important, particularly when drawing conclusions about change over time or space. Using both high-throughput 18S rRNA gene sequencing and microscopy, we explored how phytoplankton community structure varied over the course of a year within a nearshore semi-enclosed coastal embayment along the Central Coast of California. The seasonal shift in the relative community dominance (i.e., diatom vs. dinoflagellate dominance) was captured in the microscopy results but not effectively captured in the molecular-based findings. However, the molecular approach explained more of the variability in composition across seasons relative to the microscopy approach. Temporal dynamics of specific bloom-forming taxa also differed between the molecular and microscopy results. Overall, the observed differences between the molecular- and microscopy-derived characterization of phytoplankton dynamics suggest that the approaches are best suited to answer different research questions. Moreover, the approaches complement each other for a more comprehensive perspective of a coastal phytoplankton ecosystem. Therefore, identifying the biases of each approach within natural communities is necessary to effectively and accurately characterize phytoplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S William Hammond
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Laura Lodolo
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Sarah K Hu
- Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexis L Pasulka
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
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20
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Zhang Y, Huang N, Jing H. Biogeography and Population Divergence of Microeukaryotes Associated with Fluids and Chimneys in the Hydrothermal Vents of the Southwest Indian Ocean. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0263221. [PMID: 36121256 PMCID: PMC9603758 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02632-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents have been proposed as oases for microbes, but microeukaryotes as key components of the microbial loop have not been well studied. Based on high-throughput sequencing and network analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, distinct biogeographical distribution patterns and impacting factors were revealed from samples in the three hydrothermal fields of the southwest Indian Ocean, where higher gene abundance of microeukaryotes appeared in chimneys. The microeukaryotes in the fluids might be explained by hydrogeochemical heterogeneity, especially that of the nitrate and silicate concentrations, while the microeukaryotes in the chimneys coated with either Fe oxides or Fe-Si oxyhydroxides might be explained by potentially different associated prokaryotic groups. Population divergence of microeukaryotes, especially clades of parasitic Syndiniales, was observed among different hydrothermal fluids and chimneys and deserves further exploration to gain a deeper understanding of the trophic relationships and potential ecological function of microeukaryotes in the deep-sea extreme ecosystems, especially in the complex deep-sea chemoautotrophic habitats. IMPORTANCE Deep-sea hydrothermal vents have been proposed as oases for microbes, but microeukaryotes as key components of the microbial loop have not been well studied. Based on high-throughput sequencing and network analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, population divergence of microeukaryotes, especially clades of parasitic Syndiniales, was observed among different hydrothermal fields. This might be attributed to the hydrogeochemical heterogeneity of fluids and to the potentially different associated prokaryotic groups in chimneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-Sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Ning Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-Sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-Sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- HKUST-CAS Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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21
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Jamy M, Biwer C, Vaulot D, Obiol A, Jing H, Peura S, Massana R, Burki F. Global patterns and rates of habitat transitions across the eukaryotic tree of life. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1458-1470. [PMID: 35927316 PMCID: PMC9525238 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The successful colonization of new habitats has played a fundamental role during the evolution of life. Salinity is one of the strongest barriers for organisms to cross, which has resulted in the evolution of distinct marine and non-marine (including both freshwater and soil) communities. Although microbes represent by far the vast majority of eukaryote diversity, the role of the salt barrier in shaping the diversity across the eukaryotic tree is poorly known. Traditional views suggest rare and ancient marine/non-marine transitions but this view is being challenged by the discovery of several recently transitioned lineages. Here, we investigate habitat evolution across the tree of eukaryotes using a unique set of taxon-rich phylogenies inferred from a combination of long-read and short-read environmental metabarcoding data spanning the ribosomal DNA operon. Our results show that, overall, marine and non-marine microbial communities are phylogenetically distinct but transitions have occurred in both directions in almost all major eukaryotic lineages, with hundreds of transition events detected. Some groups have experienced relatively high rates of transitions, most notably fungi for which crossing the salt barrier has probably been an important aspect of their successful diversification. At the deepest phylogenetic levels, ancestral habitat reconstruction analyses suggest that eukaryotes may have first evolved in non-marine habitats and that the two largest known eukaryotic assemblages (TSAR and Amorphea) arose in different habitats. Overall, our findings indicate that the salt barrier has played an important role during eukaryote evolution and provide a global perspective on habitat transitions in this domain of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwash Jamy
- Department of Organismal Biology (Systematic Biology), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlie Biwer
- Department of Organismal Biology (Systematic Biology), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Vaulot
- CNRS, UMR7144, Team ECOMAP, Station Biologique, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Aleix Obiol
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hongmei Jing
- CAS Key Lab for Experimental Study Under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Sari Peura
- Department of Ecology and Genetics (Limnology), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramon Massana
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabien Burki
- Department of Organismal Biology (Systematic Biology), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Lara E, Singer D, Geisen S. Discrepancies between prokaryotes and eukaryotes need to be considered in soil DNA-based studies. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3829-3839. [PMID: 35437903 PMCID: PMC9790305 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabarcoding approaches are exponentially increasing our understanding of soil biodiversity, with a major focus on the bacterial part of the microbiome. Part of the soil diversity are also eukaryotes that include fungi, algae, protists and Metazoa. Nowadays, soil eukaryotes are targeted with the same approaches developed for bacteria and archaea (prokaryotes). However, fundamental differences exist between domains. After providing a short historical overview of the developments of metabarcoding applied to environmental microbiology, we compile the most important differences between domains that prevent direct method transfers between prokaryotic and eukaryotic soil metabarcoding approaches, currently dominated by short-read sequencing. These include the existence of divergent diversity concepts and the variations in eukaryotic morphology that affect sampling and DNA extraction. Furthermore, eukaryotes experienced much more variable evolutionary rates than prokaryotes, which prevent capturing the entire eukaryotic diversity in a soil with a single amplification protocol fit for short-read sequencing. In the final part we focus on future potentials for optimization of eukaryotic metabarcoding that include superior possibility of functionally characterizing eukaryotes and to extend the current information obtained, such as by adding a real quantitative component. This review should optimize future metabarcoding approaches targeting soil eukaryotes and kickstart this promising research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lara
- Real Jardín Botánico‐CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2Madrid28014Spain
| | - David Singer
- UMR CNRS 6112 LPG‐BIAFAngers University, 2 Boulevard LavoisierAngers49045France
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningen6700 AAThe Netherlands
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23
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Protists in the Insect Rearing Industry: Benign Passengers or Potential Risk? INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050482. [PMID: 35621816 PMCID: PMC9144225 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary As human populations grow and the climate crisis deepens, humans will need to look to alternative sustainable sources of protein. The insect rearing industry is now rapidly growing to generate more sustainable sources of food and feed, and, as it does so, there will be an urgent need to better understand the role that microorganisms play in both maintaining insect health and generating disease. Protists are microbes that are neither viral, bacterial nor fungal and, therefore, are sometimes overlooked when considering microbial fauna. In this paper, we review the literature on protists that have been uncovered within insects that are being considered for rearing as food and feed. We discuss what is known about how they interact with hosts, how they may affect industrially reared insects in the future and which tools now need to be developed to better study them. Abstract As the insects for food and feed industry grows, a new understanding of the industrially reared insect microbiome is needed to better comprehend the role that it plays in both maintaining insect health and generating disease. While many microbiome projects focus on bacteria, fungi or viruses, protists (including microsporidia) can also make up an important part of these assemblages. Past experiences with intensive invertebrate rearing indicate that these parasites, whilst often benign, can rapidly sweep through populations, causing extensive damage. Here, we review the diversity of microsporidia and protist species that are found in reared insect hosts and describe the current understanding of their host spectra, life cycles and the nature of their interactions with hosts. Major entomopathogenic parasite groups with the potential to infect insects currently being reared for food and feed include the Amoebozoa, Apicomplexa, Ciliates, Chlorophyta, Euglenozoa, Ichtyosporea and Microsporidia. However, key gaps exist in the understanding of how many of these entomopathogens affect host biology. In addition, for many of them, there are very limited or even no molecular data, preventing the implementation of molecular detection methods. There is now a pressing need to develop and use novel molecular tools, coupled with standard molecular diagnostic methods, to help unlock their biology and predict the effects of these poorly studied protist parasites in intensive insect rearing systems.
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Thakur R, Collens A, Greco M, Sleith RS, Grattepanche JD, Katz LA. Newly designed foraminifera primers identify habitat-specific lineages through metabarcoding analyses. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12913. [PMID: 35332619 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Foraminifera include diverse shell-building lineages found in a wide array of aquatic habitats from the deep-sea to intertidal zones to brackish and freshwater ecosystems. Recent estimates of morphological and molecular foraminifera diversity have increased the knowledge of foraminiferal diversity, which is critical as these lineages are used as bioindicators of past and present environmental perturbation. However, a comparative analysis of foraminiferal biodiversity between their major habitats (freshwater, brackish, intertidal, and marine) is underexplored, particularly using molecular tools. Here, we present metabarcoding survey of foraminiferal diversity across different ecosystems using newly designed foraminifera-specific primers that target the hypervariable regions of the foraminifera SSU-rRNA gene (~250-300bp long). We tested these primer sets on four foraminifera species and then across several environments: the intertidal zone, coastal ecosystems, and freshwater vernal pools. We retrieved 655 operational taxonomic units (OTUs); the majority are undetermined taxa that have no closely-matching sequences in the database. Furthermore, we identified 163 OTUs with distinct habitat preferences. Most of the observed OTUs belonged to lineages of single-chambered foraminifera, including poorly explored freshwater foraminifera which encompass a clade of Reticulomyxa-like forms. Our pilot study provides the community with an additional set of newly designed and taxon-specific primers to elucidate foraminiferal diversity across different habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra Thakur
- Smith College, Department of Biological Science, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA.,University of Massachusetts Amherst, Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adena Collens
- Smith College, Department of Biological Science, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mattia Greco
- Smith College, Department of Biological Science, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA.,Temple University, Department of Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robin S Sleith
- Smith College, Department of Biological Science, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jean-David Grattepanche
- Smith College, Department of Biological Science, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Laura A Katz
- Smith College, Department of Biological Science, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA.,University of Massachusetts Amherst, Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Taerum SJ, Micciulla J, Corso G, Steven B, Gage DJ, Triplett LR. 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing combined with culture-based surveys of maize rhizosphere protists reveal dominant, plant-enriched and culturable community members. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:110-118. [PMID: 34957692 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protists play important roles in shaping the microbial community of the rhizosphere and defining these roles will require the study of protist isolates. However, there is still a limited understanding of how well protist isolation efforts can capture the diversity and composition of rhizosphere protistan communities. Here, we report a simultaneous isolation and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing survey describing the protist diversity of maize rhizospheres in two climatically and pedologically distinct sites. We demonstrated that the maize rhizosphere exerted significant and site-dependent effects on the protistan community structure and defined a set of core and rhizosphere-enriched protists. From the same root samples, we generated a library of 103 protist isolates representing 46 18S rRNA gene sequence variants from six eukaryotic supergroups. While cultured isolates represented a small proportion of total protist diversity recovered by sequencing, they included taxa enriched in rhizosphere soils across all samples, encompassing 9% of all core sequence variants. The isolation approach also captured 17 protists not detected through 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. This study demonstrated that maize roots select for distinct protistan communities, and established a diverse protist culture collection that can be used for future research linking protists to rhizosphere status and plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Taerum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Jamie Micciulla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Gabrielle Corso
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Blaire Steven
- Department of Environmental Science, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Daniel J Gage
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Lindsay R Triplett
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
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Blais MA, Matveev A, Lovejoy C, Vincent WF. Size-Fractionated Microbiome Structure in Subarctic Rivers and a Coastal Plume Across DOC and Salinity Gradients. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:760282. [PMID: 35046910 PMCID: PMC8762315 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.760282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the microbial diversity of rivers that flow across the changing subarctic landscape. Using amplicon sequencing (rRNA and rRNA genes) combined with HPLC pigment analysis and physicochemical measurements, we investigated the diversity of two size fractions of planktonic Bacteria, Archaea and microbial eukaryotes along environmental gradients in the Great Whale River (GWR), Canada. This large subarctic river drains an extensive watershed that includes areas of thawing permafrost, and discharges into southeastern Hudson Bay as an extensive plume that gradually mixes with the coastal marine waters. The microbial communities differed by size-fraction (separated with a 3-μm filter), and clustered into three distinct environmental groups: (1) the GWR sites throughout a 150-km sampling transect; (2) the GWR plume in Hudson Bay; and (3) small rivers that flow through degraded permafrost landscapes. There was a downstream increase in taxonomic richness along the GWR, suggesting that sub-catchment inputs influence microbial community structure in the absence of sharp environmental gradients. Microbial community structure shifted across the salinity gradient within the plume, with changes in taxonomic composition and diversity. Rivers flowing through degraded permafrost had distinct physicochemical and microbiome characteristics, with allochthonous dissolved organic carbon explaining part of the variation in community structure. Finally, our analyses of the core microbiome indicated that while a substantial part of all communities consisted of generalists, most taxa had a more limited environmental range and may therefore be sensitive to ongoing change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Amélie Blais
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Matveev
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Connie Lovejoy
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Warwick F Vincent
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Burki F, Sandin MM, Jamy M. Diversity and ecology of protists revealed by metabarcoding. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R1267-R1280. [PMID: 34637739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protists are the dominant eukaryotes in the biosphere where they play key functional roles. While protists have been studied for over a century, it is the high-throughput sequencing of molecular markers from environmental samples - the approach of metabarcoding - that has revealed just how diverse, and abundant, these small organisms are. Metabarcoding is now routine to survey environmental diversity, so data have rapidly accumulated from a multitude of environments and at different sampling scales. This mass of data has provided unprecedented opportunities to study the taxonomic and functional diversity of protists, and how this diversity is organised in space and time. Here, we use metabarcoding as a common thread to discuss the state of knowledge in protist diversity research, from technical considerations of the approach to important insights gained on diversity patterns and the processes that might have structured this diversity. In addition to these insights, we conclude that metabarcoding is on the verge of an exciting added dimension thanks to the maturation of high-throughput long-read sequencing, so that a robust eco-evolutionary framework of protist diversity is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Burki
- Department of Organismal Biology (Systematic Biology), Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden; Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Miguel M Sandin
- Department of Organismal Biology (Systematic Biology), Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahwash Jamy
- Department of Organismal Biology (Systematic Biology), Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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