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Methodological approaches for assessing certainty of the evidence in umbrella reviews: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269009. [PMID: 35675337 PMCID: PMC9176806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of umbrella reviews (URs) that compiled systematic reviews and meta-analysis (SR-MAs) has increased dramatically over recent years. No formal guidance for assessing the certainty of evidence in URs of meta-analyses exists nowadays. URs of non-interventional studies help establish evidence linking exposure to certain health outcomes in a population. This study aims to identify and describe the methodological approaches for assessing the certainty of the evidence in published URs of non-interventions. Methods We searched from 3 databases including PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library from May 2010 to September 2021. We included URs that included SR-MAs of studies with non-interventions. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data. We compared URs characteristics stratified by publication year, journal ranking, journal impact factor using Chi-square test. Results Ninety-nine URs have been included. Most were SR-MAs of observational studies evaluating association of non-modifiable risk factors with some outcomes. Only half (56.6%) of the included URs assessed the certainty of the evidence. The most frequently used criteria is credibility assessment (80.4%), followed by GRADE approach (14.3%). URs published in journals with higher journal impact factor assessed certainty of evidence than URs published in lower impact group (77.1 versus 37.2% respectively, p < 0.05). However, criteria for credibility assessment used in four of the seven URs that were published in top ranking journals were slightly varied. Conclusions Half of URs of MAs of non-interventional studies have assessed the certainty of the evidence, in which criteria for credibility assessment was the commonly used method. Guidance and standards are required to ensure the methodological rigor and consistency of certainty of evidence assessment for URs.
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Liu D, Dong J, Zhang J, Xu X, Tian Q, Meng X, Wu L, Zheng D, Chu X, Wang W, Meng Q, Wang Y. Genome-Wide Mapping of Plasma IgG N-Glycan Quantitative Trait Loci Identifies a Potentially Causal Association between IgG N-Glycans and Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2508-2514. [PMID: 35545292 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies highlight associations of IgG N-glycosylation with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the causality between these conditions remains to be determined. Standard and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses integrating a summary genome-wide association study for RA and IgG N-glycan quantitative trait loci (IgG N-glycan-QTL) data were performed to explore the potentially causal associations of IgG N-glycosylation with RA. After correcting for multiple testing (p < 2 × 10-3), the standard MR analysis based on the inverse-variance weighted method showed a significant association of genetically instrumented IgG N-glycan (GP4) with RA (odds ratioGP4 = 0.906, 95% confidence interval = 0.857-0.958, p = 5.246 × 10-4). In addition, we identified seven significant associations of genetically instrumented IgG N-glycans with RA by multivariable MR analysis (p < 2 × 10-3). Results were broadly consistent in sensitivity analyses using MR_Lasso, MR_weighted median, MR_Egger regression, and leave-one-out analysis with different instruments (all p values <0.05). There was limited evidence of pleiotropy bias (all p values > 0.05). In conclusion, our MR analysis incorporating genome-wide association studies and IgG N-glycan-QTL data revealed that IgG N-glycans were potentially causally associated with RA. Our findings shed light on the role of IgG N-glycosylation in the development of RA. Future studies are needed to validate our findings and to explore the underlying physiological mechanisms in the etiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China; and
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoni Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China; and.,Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Qun Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; .,Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Laugesen M, Rasmussen M, Christensen R, Tønnesen H, Bliddal H. Smoking Cessation Rates among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Following the 'Gold Standard Programme' (GSP): A Prospective Analysis from the Danish Smoking Cessation Database. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5815. [PMID: 35627350 PMCID: PMC9141404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Smoking cessation may be very difficult, even if smoking aggravates the prognosis of a disease, which has been shown to be the case for persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In contrast, an association in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is still disputed. The primary objective was to compare smokers diagnosed with RA and OA to controls, regarding smoking cessation rates after following the intensive 'Gold Standard programme' (GSP). Secondary objectives included the identification of significant prognostic factors for successful quitting. (2) Methods: In total, 24,652 patients were included in this prospective cohort study, after attending the national GSP for smoking cessation intervention 2006-2016, as registered in the Danish Smoking Cessation Database. Data were linked to the National Patient Register. Hereof, 227 patients (1%) were diagnosed with seropositive RA and 2899 (12%) with OA. Primary outcome was continuous abstinence six months after the planned quitting date. (3) Results: In total, 16,969 (69%) of the patients participated in the follow-up interviews. The adjusted odds ratios for successful quitting were similar to the control group for both RA (1.28, 95% CI: 0.90-1.80) and OA patients (0.92, 0.82-1.03). The outermost, strongest positive factor for successful quitting was compliance, defined as attending ≥75% of the meetings. To a lesser degree, attending an individual intervention was a positive predictor, while being heavy smokers, disadvantaged smokers, women, living with a smoker, and if GSP was recommended by health professionals were negative predictors. (4) Conclusions: The odds ratios for quitting were similar to controls for both RA and OR patients. Additional research is needed to determine effective actions towards increased attendance at the programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Laugesen
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, WHO-CC, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (M.R.); (H.T.)
| | - Mette Rasmussen
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, WHO-CC, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (M.R.); (H.T.)
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, WHO-CC, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robin Christensen
- Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hanne Tønnesen
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, WHO-CC, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (M.R.); (H.T.)
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, WHO-CC, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Henning Bliddal
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre, WHO-CC, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.); (M.R.); (H.T.)
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Janiaud P, Agarwal A, Tzoulaki I, Theodoratou E, Tsilidis KK, Evangelou E, Ioannidis JPA. Validity of observational evidence on putative risk and protective factors: appraisal of 3744 meta-analyses on 57 topics. BMC Med 2021; 19:157. [PMID: 34225716 PMCID: PMC8259334 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The validity of observational studies and their meta-analyses is contested. Here, we aimed to appraise thousands of meta-analyses of observational studies using a pre-specified set of quantitative criteria that assess the significance, amount, consistency, and bias of the evidence. We also aimed to compare results from meta-analyses of observational studies against meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. METHODS We retrieved from PubMed (last update, November 19, 2020) umbrella reviews including meta-analyses of observational studies assessing putative risk or protective factors, regardless of the nature of the exposure and health outcome. We extracted information on 7 quantitative criteria that reflect the level of statistical support, the amount of data, the consistency across different studies, and hints pointing to potential bias. These criteria were level of statistical significance (pre-categorized according to 10-6, 0.001, and 0.05 p-value thresholds), sample size, statistical significance for the largest study, 95% prediction intervals, between-study heterogeneity, and the results of tests for small study effects and for excess significance. RESULTS 3744 associations (in 57 umbrella reviews) assessed by a median number of 7 (interquartile range 4 to 11) observational studies were eligible. Most associations were statistically significant at P < 0.05 (61.1%, 2289/3744). Only 2.6% of associations had P < 10-6, ≥1000 cases (or ≥20,000 participants for continuous factors), P < 0.05 in the largest study, 95% prediction interval excluding the null, and no large between-study heterogeneity, small study effects, or excess significance. Across the 57 topics, large heterogeneity was observed in the proportion of associations fulfilling various quantitative criteria. The quantitative criteria were mostly independent from one another. Across 62 associations assessed in both RCTs and in observational studies, 37.1% had effect estimates in opposite directions and 43.5% had effect estimates differing beyond chance in the two designs. Across 94 comparisons assessed in both MR and observational studies, such discrepancies occurred in 30.8% and 54.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledging that no gold-standard exists to judge whether an observational association is genuine, statistically significant results are common in observational studies, but they are rarely convincing or corroborated by randomized evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Janiaud
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle #3172, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.,Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Bellou V, Tzoulaki I, van Smeden M, Moons KGM, Evangelou E, Belbasis L. Prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a field-wide systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.02964-2020. [PMID: 34172467 PMCID: PMC8576809 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02964-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The individual prognostic factors for COVID-19 are unclear. For this reason, we aimed to present a state-of-the-art systematic review and meta-analysis on the prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS We systematically reviewed PubMed from January 1, 2020 to July 26, 2020 to identify non-overlapping studies examining the association of any prognostic factor with any adverse outcome in patients with COVID-19. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and between-study heterogeneity was quantified using I2 metric. Presence of small-study effects was assessed by applying the Egger's regression test. RESULTS We identified 428 eligible articles, which were used in a total of 263 meta-analyses examining the association of 91 unique prognostic factors with 11 outcomes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, obstructive sleep apnea, pharyngalgia, history of venous thromboembolism, sex, coronary heart disease, cancer, chronic liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, any immunosuppressive medication, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatological disease and smoking were associated with at least one outcome and had >1000 events, p-value <0.005, I2 <50%, 95% prediction interval excluding the null value, and absence of small-study effects in the respective meta-analysis. The risk of bias assessment using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool indicated high risk of bias in 302 of 428 articles for study participation, 389 articles for adjustment for other prognostic factors, and 396 articles for statistical analysis and reporting. CONCLUSIONS Our findings could be used for prognostic model building and guide patients' selection for randomised clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Bellou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maarten van Smeden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karel G M Moons
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lazaros Belbasis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
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Rojas-Rueda D, Morales-Zamora E, Alsufyani WA, Herbst CH, AlBalawi SM, Alsukait R, Alomran M. Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020704. [PMID: 33467516 PMCID: PMC7830944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Environmental health is a growing area of knowledge, continually increasing and updating the body of evidence linking the environment to human health. Aim: This study summarizes the epidemiological evidence on environmental risk factors from meta-analyses through an umbrella review. Methods: An umbrella review was conducted on meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, case-crossover, and time-series studies that evaluated the associations between environmental risk factors and health outcomes defined as incidence, prevalence, and mortality. The specific search strategy was designed in PubMed using free text and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to risk factors, environment, health outcomes, observational studies, and meta-analysis. The search was limited to English, Spanish, and French published articles and studies on humans. The search was conducted on September 20, 2020. Risk factors were defined as any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or death. The environment was defined as the external elements and conditions that surround, influence, and affect a human organism or population’s life and development. The environment definition included the physical environment such as nature, built environment, or pollution, but not the social environment. We excluded occupational exposures, microorganisms, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), behavioral risk factors, and no-natural disasters. Results: This umbrella review found 197 associations among 69 environmental exposures and 83 diseases and death causes reported in 103 publications. The environmental factors found in this review were air pollution, environmental tobacco smoke, heavy metals, chemicals, ambient temperature, noise, radiation, and urban residential surroundings. Among these, we identified 65 environmental exposures defined as risk factors and 4 environmental protective factors. In terms of study design, 57 included cohort and/or case-control studies, and 46 included time-series and/or case-crossover studies. In terms of the study population, 21 included children, and the rest included adult population and both sexes. In this review, the largest body of evidence was found in air pollution (91 associations among 14 air pollution definitions and 34 diseases and mortality diagnoses), followed by environmental tobacco smoke with 24 associations. Chemicals (including pesticides) were the third larger group of environmental exposures found among the meta-analyses included, with 19 associations. Conclusion: Environmental exposures are an important health determinant. This review provides an overview of an evolving research area and should be used as a complementary tool to understand the connections between the environment and human health. The evidence presented by this review should help to design public health interventions and the implementation of health in all policies approach aiming to improve populational health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rojas-Rueda
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Environmental Health Building, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(970)-491-7038; Fax: +1-(970)-491-2940
| | | | - Wael Abdullah Alsufyani
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 70 SCDC Building, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Christopher H. Herbst
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh Country Office, Riyadh 94623, Saudi Arabia; (C.H.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Salem M. AlBalawi
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 70 SCDC Building, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Reem Alsukait
- Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh Country Office, Riyadh 94623, Saudi Arabia; (C.H.H.); (R.A.)
- Community Health Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alomran
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 70 SCDC Building, Al Aarid, King Abdulaziz Rd, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia; (W.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (M.A.)
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Zhang L, Wu H, Zhao M, Lu Q. Meta‐analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in systemic sclerosis. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1297-1304. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Central South University Changsha China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Central South University Changsha China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Central South University Changsha China
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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:361-379. [PMID: 32494054 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CVD. RA is an inflammatory joint disease and, compared with the general population, patients with RA have approximately double the risk of atherosclerotic CVD, stroke, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Although this high risk of CVD has been known for decades, patients with RA receive poorer primary and secondary CVD preventive care than other high-risk patients, and an unmet need exists for improved CVD preventive measures for patients with RA. This Review summarizes the evidence for atherosclerotic CVD in patients with RA and provides a contemporary analysis of what is known and what needs to be further clarified about recommendations for CVD prevention in patients with RA compared with the general population. The management of traditional CVD risk factors, including blood pressure, lipids, diabetes mellitus and lifestyle-related risk factors, as well as the effects of inflammation and the use of antirheumatic medication on CVD risk and risk management in patients with RA are discussed. The main aim is to provide a roadmap of atherosclerotic CVD risk management and prevention for patients with RA.
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Environmental factors, serum biomarkers and risk of atrial fibrillation: an exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:223-239. [PMID: 32180061 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. We designed an umbrella review to systematically assess the epidemiological credibility of the associations of non-genetic factors with risk of AF. We searched PubMed and EMBASE from inception to December 31, 2018 to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies for the association of non-genetic factors with risk of AF. For each meta-analysis, we used the random-effects model, and we estimated the 95% confidence and prediction intervals. We also assessed between-study heterogeneity, small-study effects and excess significance bias. We identified 34 eligible papers that examined 51 associations of 42 unique non-genetic factors with risk of AF. Eighteen associations remained statistically significant at P value < 1 × 10-6. Thirty-one associations presented large or very large between-study heterogeneity. Eight associations presented evidence for small-study effects and 13 associations had evidence for excess significance bias. Ten associations, i.e. corrected QT interval, alcohol consumption (highest vs. lowest category, per 1 drink/day increase), body mass index (> 30 units vs. < 30 units, per 5 units increase), waist circumference, body weight, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and smoking (ever vs. never, per 10 cigarettes/day increase) were supported by convincing or highly suggestive evidence in meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, markers of adiposity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and corrected QT interval constitute credible risk factors of AF. Our proposed grading may guide the design of future studies, including Mendelian randomization studies, to assess whether these associations are causal.
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Zhang L, Wu H, Zhao M, Lu Q. Identifying the differentially expressed microRNAs in autoimmunity: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:122-136. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1710135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ma Y, Zhang X, Fan D, Xia Q, Wang M, Pan F. Common trace metals in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:81-89. [PMID: 31442958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental risk factors regrading rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been explored extensively. Selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) nutrients were reported to associate with RA, but the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conduct present study to meta-analyze the relationship between serum Se, Zn and Cu and RA and review the potential mechanisms. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched till October 1, 2018 for pertinent studies. Standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) were calculated according to random effects model. RESULTS Finally 41 literatures were included. Meta-analysis of 16 studies involving 806 RA patients and 959 health controls showed that serum Se (SMD = -1.04, 95% CI = -1.58 to -0.50) was decreased in RA patients, and 23 literatures with 1398 patients and 1299 controls reported serum Zn (SMD = -1.20, 95% CI = -1.74 to -0.67) was decreased. But serum Cu (SMD = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.63 to -1.89) was increased with 26 studies including 1723 patients and 1451 controls. Meta-regression reported that steroid use was positively related to serum level of Se in RA (β = 0.041, 95% CI = 0.002 to 0.079). Differences in serum Se, Zn and Cu between rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls were all related with the geographical distribution. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RA have significant decreased serum Se and Zn and increased serum Cu than health controls, suggesting potential roles of Se, Zn and Cu in the pathogenesis of RA. Patients and rheumatologist should give enough attention to the monitor of these elements during follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Dazhi Fan
- Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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12
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Takiguchi R, Komatsu R, Kitamura K, Watanabe Y, Takahashi A, Kobayashi R, Oshiki R, Saito T, Kabasawa K, Takachi R, Tsugane S, Iki M, Sasaki A, Yamazaki O, Nakamura K. Modifiable factors associated with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: The Murakami cohort study. Maturitas 2019; 128:53-59. [PMID: 31561824 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modifiable risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA) have not been studied in detail. This study aimed to determine lifestyle-related modifiable factors of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in an East Asian population. STUDY DESIGN This 5-year cohort study involved 11,091 individuals (age range 40-72 years) living in the Murakami region of Niigata, Japan, who did not have a history of knee OA. At baseline, information on sociodemographic characteristics, body size, lifestyle, and living condition was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident symptomatic knee OA observed at hospitals and orthopaedic clinics in the five years to 2016. Clinical grades of knee OA were based on the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. P for trend was assessed to examine linear associations between predictors and the outcome in multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 58.1 (SD 9.3) years. The number of cases of grade 2 or more incident knee OA was 429. In men, older age (P for trend < 0.0001), higher BMI (P for trend < 0.0001), higher METs score (P for trend = 0.0150), less smoking (P for trend = 0.0249), and lower green tea consumption (P for trend = 0.0437) were associated with incident knee OA. In women, older age (P for trend < 0.0001), higher BMI (P for trend < 0.0001), and alcohol consumption (P = 0.0153) were associated with incident knee OA. CONCLUSIONS Several lifestyle-related factors were found to be associated with incident knee OA and exhibited sex-dependent differences. In particular, higher consumption of green tea was associated with a lower incidence of knee OA in men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaori Kitamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yumi Watanabe
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akemi Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryosaku Kobayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rieko Oshiki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiko Saito
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiko Kabasawa
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ribeka Takachi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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13
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Segal Y. Autoimmune Hunger Games - a brief outline of the expanding role of nutrition in the aggravation and attenuation of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 17:1067-1068. [PMID: 30213696 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahel Segal
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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