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Takata S, Morikawa K, Tanaka H, Itani H, Ishihara M, Horiuchi K, Kato Y, Ikemura S, Nakagawa H, Nakahara Y, Seki Y, Bessho A, Takahashi N, Hayashi K, Endo T, Takeyama K, Maekura T, Takigawa N, Kawase A, Endoh M, Nemoto K, Kishi K, Soejima K, Okuma Y, Yoshimura K, Saigusa D, Kanai Y, Ueda K, Togashi A, Matsutani N, Seki N. Prospective exosome-focused translational research for afatinib (EXTRA) study of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutation: an observational clinical study. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231177021. [PMID: 37323187 PMCID: PMC10262622 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231177021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The exosome-focused translational research for afatinib (EXTRA) study is the first trial to identify novel predictive biomarkers for longer treatment efficacy of afatinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via a comprehensive association study using genomic, proteomic, epigenomic, and metabolomic analyses. Objectives We report details of the clinical portion prior to omics analyses. Design A prospective, single-arm, observational study was conducted using afatinib 40 mg/day as an initial dose in untreated patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. Dose reduction to 20 mg every other day was allowed. Methods Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Results A total of 103 patients (median age 70 years, range 42-88 years) were enrolled from 21 institutions in Japan between February 2017 and March 2018. After a median follow-up of 35.0 months, 21% remained on afatinib treatment, whereas 9% had discontinued treatment because of AEs. The median PFS was 18.4 months, with a 3-year PFS rate of 23.3%. The median afatinib treatment duration in patients with final doses of 40 (n = 27), 30 (n = 23), and 20 mg/day (n = 35), and 20 mg every other day (n = 18) were 13.4, 15.4, 18.8, and 18.3 months, respectively. The median OS was not reached, with a 3-year OS rate of 58.5%. The median OS in patients who did (n = 25) and did not (n = 78) receive osimertinib during the entire course of treatment were 42.4 months and not reached, respectively (p = 0.654). Conclusions As the largest prospective study in Japan, this study confirmed favorable OS following first-line afatinib in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC in a real-world setting. Further analysis of the EXTRA study is expected to identify novel predictive biomarkers for afatinib. Trial registration UMIN-CTR identifier (UMIN000024935, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_his_list.cgi?recptno=R000028688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Takata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Morikawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Itani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Masashi Ishihara
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Horiuchi
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kato
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Ikemura
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hirosaki Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Nakahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Seki
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Bessho
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Takahashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Endo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Maekura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nagio Takigawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akikazu Kawase
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Endoh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Ibarakihigashi National Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenzo Soejima
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuma
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Realization of Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Matsutani
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Seki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Wu Y, Chen W, Guo M, Tan Q, Zhou E, Deng J, Li M, Chen J, Yang Z, Jin Y. Metabolomics of Extracellular Vesicles: A Future Promise of Multiple Clinical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6113-6129. [PMID: 36514377 PMCID: PMC9741837 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s390378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can contain DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolic molecules from primary origins; they are coated with a phospholipid bilayer membrane and released by cells into the extracellular matrix. EVs can be obtained from various body liquids, including the blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. As has been proved, EVs-mediated transfer of biologically active molecules is crucial for various physiological and pathological processes. Extensive investigations have already begun to explore the diagnosis and prognosis potentials for EVs. Furthermore, research has continued to recognize the critical role of nucleic acids and proteins in EVs. However, our understanding of the comprehensive effects of metabolites in these nanoparticles is currently limited and in its infancy. Therefore, we have attempted to summarize the recent research into the metabolomics of EVs in relation to potential clinical applications and discuss the problems and challenges that have occurred, to provide more guidance for the future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaLi Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - WenJuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minglei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangbin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimo Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases in Hubei Province, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yang Jin, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Khan FH, Reza MJ, Shao YF, Perwez A, Zahra H, Dowlati A, Abbas A. Role of exosomes in lung cancer: A comprehensive insight from immunomodulation to theragnostic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188776. [PMID: 35961620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are 30 to 150 nm-diameter lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles that enable cell-to-cell communication through secretion and uptake. The exosomal cargoes contain RNA, lipids, proteins, and metabolites which can be delivered to recipient cells in vivo. In a healthy lung, exosomes facilitate interaction between adaptive and innate immunity and help maintain normal lung physiology. However, tumor-derived exosomes in lung cancer (LC) can, on the other hand, restrict immune cell proliferation, cause apoptosis in activated CD8+ T effector cells, reduce natural killer cell activity, obstruct monocyte differentiation, and promote proliferation of myeloid-derived suppressor and regulatory T cells. In addition, exosomes in the tumor microenvironment may also play a critical role in cancer progression and the development of drug resistance. In this review, we aim to comprehensively examine the current updates on the role of exosomes in lung carcinogenesis and their potential application as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tool in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Haider Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Malik Johid Reza
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Yusra Fatima Shao
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ahmad Perwez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Honey Zahra
- Department of Anatomy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP 226003, India
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA.
| | - Ata Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA.
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Whittle K, Kao S, Clarke S, Grau GE, Hosseini-Beheshti E. Exploring the role of extracellular vesicles and their protein cargo in lung cancer metastasis: a review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 171:103603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Sasabe E, Tomomura A, Liu H, Sento S, Kitamura N, Yamamoto T. Epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor signaling blockage inhibits tumor cell-derived exosome uptake by oral squamous cell carcinoma through macropinocytosis. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:609-621. [PMID: 34874595 PMCID: PMC8819298 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various cell types secrete exosomes into their surrounding extracellular space, which consequently affect the function and activity of recipient cells. Numerous studies have showed that tumor cell‐derived exosomes play important roles in tumor growth and progression. Although a variety of endocytic pathways are reportedly involved in the cellular uptake of exosomes, detailed mechanisms remain unknown. The present study demonstrated that treatment with recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) time‐ and dose‐dependently promoted cellular uptake of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell‐derived exosomes into OSCC cells themselves. Conversely, EGF receptor (EGFR) knockdown and treatment with EGFR inhibitors, including erlotinib and cetuximab, abrogated OSCC cell uptake of exosomes. The macropinocytosis inhibitor 5‐(N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) blocked the effects of active EGF/EGFR signaling on uptake of OSCC cell‐derived exosomes. These EGFR inhibitors also suppressed OSCC cell‐derived exosome‐induced proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and chemoresistance of OSCC cells. Taken together, the data presented herein suggest that EGFR inhibitors might inhibit the malignant potential of OSCC cells through direct inhibition of not only EGFR downstream signaling pathway but also cellular uptake of OSCC cell‐derived exosomes through macropinocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Sasabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tomomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Hangyu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shinya Sento
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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6
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Xia Z, Qing B, Wang W, Gu L, Chen H, Yuan Y. Formation, contents, functions of exosomes and their potential in lung cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:3088-3100. [PMID: 34734680 PMCID: PMC8636224 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide due to diagnosis in the advanced stage and drug resistance in the subsequent treatments. Development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods is urged to improve the disease outcome. Exosomes are nano-sized vehicles which transport different types of biomolecules intercellularly, including DNA, RNA and proteins, and are implicated in cross-talk between cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) have been revealed to strongly influence the tumor microenvironment, antitumor immunoregulatory activities, tumor progression and metastasis. Potential of TEXs as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment prediction is supported by numerous studies. Moreover, exosomes have been proposed to be promising drug carriers. Here, we review the mechanisms of exosomal formation and uptake, the functions of exosomes in carcinogenesis, and potential clinical utility of exosomes as biomarkers, tumor vaccine and drug delivery vehicles in the diagnosis and therapeutics of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Qing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linguo Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongzuo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunchang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Jouida A, McCarthy C, Fabre A, Keane MP. Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:589-601. [PMID: 33855679 PMCID: PMC8213600 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations. Here, we outline the role of exosomes and their functional effect in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exosomes as novel biomarkers in early detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Jouida
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac McCarthy
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Keane
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Alkhalil A, Ball RL, Garg G, Day A, Carney BC, Kumar R, Hammamieh R, Moffatt LT, Shupp JW. Cutaneous Thermal Injury Modulates Blood and Skin Metabolomes Differently in a Murine Model. J Burn Care Res 2020; 42:727-742. [PMID: 33301570 PMCID: PMC8335952 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As the field of metabolomics develops further, investigations of how the metabolome is affected following thermal injury may be helpful to inform diagnostics and guide treatments. In this study, changes to the metabolome were tested and validated in a murine burn injury model. After a 30% total body surface scald injury or sham procedure sera and skin biopsies were collected at 1, 2, 6, or 24 hr. Burn-specific changes in the metabolome were detected compared to sham animals. The sera metabolome exhibited a more rapid response to burn injury than that of the skin and it peaked more proximal to injury (6 vs 24 hr). Progression of metabolic response in the skin was less synchronous and showed a higher overlap of the significantly modified metabolites (SMMs) among tested time-points. Top affected pathways identified by SMMs of skin included inositol phosphate metabolism, ascorbate and alderate metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Future research is warranted in human and larger animal models to further elucidate the role of metabolomic perturbations and the pathophysiology following burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulnaser Alkhalil
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Robert L Ball
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gaurav Garg
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Anna Day
- The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Bonnie C Carney
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Raina Kumar
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Maryland.,Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Center for Environmental Health, Center for Environmental Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Lauren T Moffatt
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Firefighters' Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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9
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Zanetti-Domingues LC, Bonner SE, Martin-Fernandez ML, Huber V. Mechanisms of Action of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Incorporated in Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112505. [PMID: 33228060 PMCID: PMC7699420 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR and some of the cognate ligands extensively traffic in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different biogenesis pathways. EGFR belongs to a family of four homologous tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs). This family are one of the major drivers of cancer and is involved in several of the most frequent malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer. The carrier EVs exert crucial biological effects on recipient cells, impacting immunity, pre-metastatic niche preparation, angiogenesis, cancer cell stemness and horizontal oncogene transfer. While EV-mediated EGFR signalling is important to EGFR-driven cancers, little is known about the precise mechanisms by which TKRs incorporated in EVs play their biological role, their stoichiometry and associations to other proteins relevant to cancer pathology and EV biogenesis, and their means of incorporation in the target cell. In addition, it remains unclear whether different subtypes of EVs incorporate different complexes of TKRs with specific functions. A raft of high spatial and temporal resolution methods is emerging that could solve these and other questions regarding the activity of EGFR and its ligands in EVs. More importantly, methods are emerging to block or mitigate EV activity to suppress cancer progression and drug resistance. By highlighting key findings and areas that remain obscure at the intersection of EGFR signalling and EV action, we hope to cross-fertilise the two fields and speed up the application of novel techniques and paradigms to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK;
- Correspondence: (L.C.Z.-D.); (V.H.)
| | - Scott E. Bonner
- The Wood Lab, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
| | - Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK;
| | - Veronica Huber
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.C.Z.-D.); (V.H.)
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Pasini L, Ulivi P. Extracellular Vesicles in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Functional Role and Involvement in Resistance to Targeted Treatment and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010040. [PMID: 31877735 PMCID: PMC7016858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted and immunological therapies have become the gold standard for a large portion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by improving significantly clinical prognosis. However, resistance mechanisms inevitably develop after a first response, and almost all patients undergo progression. The knowledge of such a resistance mechanism is crucial to improving the efficacy of therapies. So far, monitoring therapy responses through liquid biopsy has been carried out mainly in terms of circulating tumor (ctDNA) analysis. However, other particles of tumor origin, such as extracellular vehicles (EVs) represent an emerging tool for the studying and monitoring of resistance mechanisms. EVs are now considered to be ubiquitous mediators of cell-to-cell communication, allowing cells to exchange biologically active cargoes that vary in response to the microenvironment and include proteins, metabolites, RNA species, and nucleic acids. Novel findings on the biogenesis and fate of these vesicles reveal their fundamental role in cancer progression, with foreseeable and not-far-to-come clinical applications in NSCLC.
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