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Xu S, Wang L, Zhao Y, Mo T, Wang B, Lin J, Yang H. Metabolism-regulating non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: roles, mechanisms and clinical applications. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:25. [PMID: 38408962 PMCID: PMC10895768 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that pose a serious threat to women's health. Reprogramming of energy metabolism is a major feature of the malignant transformation of breast cancer. Compared to normal cells, tumor cells reprogram metabolic processes more efficiently, converting nutrient supplies into glucose, amino acid and lipid required for malignant proliferation and progression. Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins but regulate the expression of target genes. NcRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in various aspects of energy metabolism, including glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. This review focuses on the metabolic regulatory mechanisms and clinical applications of metabolism-regulating ncRNAs involved in breast cancer. We summarize the vital roles played by metabolism-regulating ncRNAs for endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy resistance in breast cancer, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Difficulties and perspectives of current targeted metabolism and non-coding RNA therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, People's Republic of China.
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Gao D, Cui C, Jiao Y, Zhang H, Li M, Wang J, Sheng X. Circular RNA and its potential diagnostic and therapeutic values in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:258. [PMID: 38302635 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women and still poses a significant threat to women worldwide. Recurrence of BC in situ, metastasis to distant organs, and resistance to chemotherapy are all attached to high mortality in patients with BC. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) of the type known as "circRNA" links together from one end to another to create a covalently closed, single-stranded circular molecule. With characteristics including plurality, evolutionary conservation, stability, and particularity, they are extensively prevalent in various species and a range of human cells. CircRNAs are new and significant contributors to several kinds of disorders, including cardiovascular disease, multiple organ inflammatory responses and malignancies. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs play crucial roles in the occurrence of breast cancer by interacting with miRNAs to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. CircRNAs offer the potential to be therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment as well as prospective biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Here, we are about to present an overview of the functions of circRNAs in the proliferation, invasion, migration, and resistance to medicines of breast cancer cells and serve as a promising resource for future investigations on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoxuan Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiumei Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Alkhathami AG, Sahib AS, Al Fayi MS, Fadhil AA, Jawad MA, Shafik SA, Sultan SJ, Almulla AF, Shen M. Glycolysis in human cancers: Emphasis circRNA/glycolysis axis and nanoparticles in glycolysis regulation in cancer therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116007. [PMID: 37119844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of cancer has been an interesting hallmark and metabolic reprogramming, especially the change from oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria to glucose metabolism known as glycolysis occurs in cancer. The molecular profile of glycolysis, related molecular pathways and enzymes involved in this mechanism such as hexokinase have been fully understood. The glycolysis inhibition can significantly decrease tumorigenesis. On the other hand, circRNAs are new emerging non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules with potential biological functions and aberrant expression in cancer cells which have received high attention in recent years. CircRNAs have a unique covalently closed loop structure which makes them highly stable and reliable biomarkers in cancer. CircRNAs are regulators of molecular mechanisms including glycolysis. The enzymes involved in the glycolysis mechanism such as hexokinase are regulated by circRNAs to modulate tumor progression. Induction of glycolysis by circRNAs can significantly increase proliferation rate of cancer cells given access to energy and enhance metastasis. CircRNAs regulating glycolysis can influence drug resistance in cancers because of theirimpact on malignancy of tumor cells upon glycolysis induction. TRIM44, CDCA3, SKA2 and ROCK1 are among the downstream targets of circRNAs in regulating glycolysis in cancer. Additionally, microRNAs are key regulators of glycolysis mechanism in cancer cells and can affect related molecular pathways and enzymes. CircRNAs sponge miRNAs to regulate glycolysis as a main upstream mediator. Moreover, nanoparticles have been emerged as new tools in tumorigenesis suppression and in addition to drug and gene delivery, then mediate cancer immunotherapy and can be used for vaccine development. The nanoparticles can delivery circRNAs in cancer therapy and they are promising candidates in regulation of glycolysis, its suppression and inhibition of related pathways such as HIF-1α. The stimuli-responsive nanoparticles and ligand-functionalized ones have been developed for selective targeting of glycolysis and cancer cells, and mediating carcinogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali G Alkhathami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ameer S Sahib
- Department of Pharmacy, Al- Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hilla, Iraq
| | - Majed Saad Al Fayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Abed Jawad
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Iraq
| | - Sahar Ahmad Shafik
- Professor of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Fayum University, Egypt; College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Iraq
| | | | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, China.
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Kansara S, Singh A, Badal AK, Rani R, Baligar P, Garg M, Pandey AK. The emerging regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs associated with glucose metabolism in breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:1-12. [PMID: 37364663 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Altered energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis and essential for fulfilling the high demand for metabolic energy in a tumor through accelerating glycolysis and reprogramming the glycolysis metabolism through the Warburg effect. The dysregulated glucose metabolic pathways are coordinated not only by proteins coding genes but also by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) during the initiation and cancer progression. The ncRNAs are responsible for regulating numerous cellular processes under developmental and pathological conditions. Recent studies have shown that various ncRNAs such as microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs are extensively involved in rewriting glucose metabolism in human cancers. In this review, we demonstrated the role of ncRNAs in the progression of breast cancer with a focus on outlining the aberrant expression of glucose metabolic pathways. Moreover, we have discussed the existing and probable future applications of ncRNAs to regulate energy pathways along with their importance in the prognosis, diagnosis, and future therapeutics for human breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Kansara
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Agrata Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Badal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Reshma Rani
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Liang J, Ye C, Chen K, Gao Z, Lu F, Wei K. Non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: with a focus on glucose metabolism reprogramming. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 37204526 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the tumor with the highest incidence in women worldwide. According to research, the poor prognosis of breast cancer is closely related to abnormal glucose metabolism in tumor cells. Changes in glucose metabolism in tumor cells are an important feature. When sufficient oxygen is available, cancer cells tend to undergo glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, which promotes rapid proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. As research deepens, targeting the glucose metabolism pathway of tumor cells is seen as a promising treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a recent focus of research, are involved in the regulation of enzymes of glucose metabolism and related cancer signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. This article reviews the regulatory effect and mechanism of ncRNAs on glucose metabolism in breast cancer cells and provides new ideas for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liang
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Chun Ye
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Kaiqin Chen
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Fangguo Lu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Integrative Pathogen Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
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