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Zhao B, Zhang Y, Duan A, Liu Z, Xiao J, Liu Z, Qin A, Ning D, Li S, Ata-Ul-Karim ST. Estimating the Growth Indices and Nitrogen Status Based on Color Digital Image Analysis During Early Growth Period of Winter Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:619522. [PMID: 33897720 PMCID: PMC8060632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.619522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The non-destructive estimation of plant nitrogen (N) status is imperative for timely and in-season crop N management. The objectives of this study were to use canopy cover (CC) to establish the empirical relations between plant growth indices [shoot dry matter (SDM), leaf area index (LAI), shoot N accumulation (SNA), shoot nitrogen concentration (SNC)], and CC as well as to test the feasibility of using CC to assess N nutrition index (NNI) from Feekes 3 to Feekes 6 stages of winter wheat. Four multi-locational (2 sites), multi-cultivars (four cultivars), and multi-N rates (0-300 kg N ha-1) field experiments were carried out during 2016 to 2018 seasons. The digital images of the canopy were captured by a digital camera from Feekes 3 to Feekes 6 stages of winter wheat, while SDM, LAI, SNA, and SNC were measured by destructive plant sampling. CC was calculated from digital images developed by self-programmed software. CC showed significant correlations with growth indices (SDM, LAI, and SNA) across the different cultivars and N treatments, except for SNC. However, the stability of these empirical models was affected by cultivar characteristics and N application rates. Plant N status of winter wheat was assessed using CC through two methods (direct and indirect methods). The direct and indirect methods failed to develop a unified linear regression to estimate NNI owing to the high dispersion of winter wheat SNC during its early growth stages. The relationships of CC with SDM, SNC and NNI developed at individual growth stages of winter wheat using both methods were highly significant. The relationships developed at individual growth stages did not need to consider the effect of N dilution process, yet their stability is influenced by cultivar characteristics. This study revealed that CC has larger limitation to be used as a proxy to manage the crop growth and N nutrition during the early growth period of winter wheat despite it is an easily measured index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Computer Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zugui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Anzhen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongfeng Ning
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sen Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Sen Li,
| | - Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim,
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Shaaf S, Bretani G, Biswas A, Fontana IM, Rossini L. Genetics of barley tiller and leaf development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:226-256. [PMID: 30548413 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In cereals, tillering and leaf development are key factors in the concept of crop ideotype, introduced in the 1960s to enhance crop yield, via manipulation of plant architecture. In the present review, we discuss advances in genetic analysis of barley shoot architecture, focusing on tillering, leaf size and angle. We also discuss novel phenotyping techniques, such as 2D and 3D imaging, that have been introduced in the era of phenomics, facilitating reliable trait measurement. We discuss the identification of genes and pathways that are involved in barley tillering and leaf development, highlighting key hormones involved in the control of plant architecture in barley and rice. Knowledge on genetic control of traits related to plant architecture provides useful resources for designing ideotypes for enhanced barley yield and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Shaaf
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Abhisek Biswas
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Rossini
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Ventre-Lespiaucq A, Flanagan NS, Ospina-Calderón NH, Delgado JA, Escudero A. Midday Depression vs. Midday Peak in Diurnal Light Interception: Contrasting Patterns at Crown and Leaf Scales in a Tropical Evergreen Tree. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:727. [PMID: 29904391 PMCID: PMC5990892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Crown architecture usually is heterogeneous as a result of foraging in spatially and temporally heterogeneous light environments. Ecologists are only beginning to identify the importance of temporal heterogeneity for light acquisition in plants, especially at the diurnal scale. Crown architectural heterogeneity often leads to a diurnal variation in light interception. However, maximizing light interception during midday may not be an optimal strategy in environments with excess light. Instead, long-lived plants are expected to show crown architectures and leaf positions that meet the contrasting needs of light interception and avoidance of excess light on a diurnal basis. We expected a midday depression in the diurnal course of light interception both at the whole-crown and leaf scales, as a strategy to avoid the interception of excessive irradiance. We tested this hypothesis in a population of guava trees (Psidium guajava L.) growing in an open tropical grassland. We quantified three crown architectural traits: intra-individual heterogeneity in foliage clumping, crown openness, and leaf position angles. We estimated the diurnal course of light interception at the crown scale using hemispheric photographs, and at the leaf scale using the cosine of solar incidence. Crowns showed a midday depression in light interception, while leaves showed a midday peak. These contrasting patterns were related to architectural traits. At the crown scale, the midday depression of light interception was linked to a greater crown openness and foliage clumping in crown tops than in the lateral parts of the crown. At the leaf scale, an average inclination angle of 45° led to the midday peak in light interception, but with a huge among-leaf variation in position angles. The mismatch in diurnal course of light interception at crown and leaf scales can indicate that different processes are being optimized at each scale. These findings suggest that the diurnal course of light interception may be an important dimension of the resource acquisition strategies of long-lived woody plants. Using a temporal approach as the one applied here may improve our understanding of the diversity of crown architectures found across and within environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Ventre-Lespiaucq
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Nicola S Flanagan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Sede Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nhora H Ospina-Calderón
- Department of Biology, Edificio 320, Ciudadela Universitaria Melendez, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Juan A Delgado
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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Wingfield JL, Ruane LG, Patterson JD. A three-dimensional spatial mapping approach to quantify fine-scale heterogeneity among leaves within canopies. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2017; 5:apps.1700056. [PMID: 29188145 PMCID: PMC5703180 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The three-dimensional structure of tree canopies creates environmental heterogeneity, which can differentially influence the chemistry, morphology, physiology, and/or phenology of leaves. Previous studies that subdivide canopy leaves into broad categories (i.e., "upper/lower") fail to capture the differences in microenvironments experienced by leaves throughout the three-dimensional space of a canopy. METHODS We use a three-dimensional spatial mapping approach based on spherical polar coordinates to examine the fine-scale spatial distributions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the concentration of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds (A300) among leaves within the canopies of black mangroves (Avicennia germinans). RESULTS Linear regressions revealed that interior leaves received less PAR and produced fewer UV-absorbing compounds than leaves on the exterior of the canopy. By allocating more UV-absorbing compounds to the leaves on the exterior of the canopy, black mangroves may be maximizing UV-protection while minimizing biosynthesis of UV-absorbing compounds. DISCUSSION Three-dimensional spatial mapping provides an inexpensive and portable method to detect fine-scale differences in environmental and biological traits within canopies. We used it to understand the relationship between PAR and A300, but the same approach can also be used to identify traits associated with the spatial distribution of herbivores, pollinators, and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Wingfield
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606 USA
| | - Lauren G. Ruane
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606 USA
| | - Joshua D. Patterson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606 USA
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Ventre-Lespiaucq AB, Delgado JA, Ospina-Calderón NH, Otero JT, Escudero A, Sánchez MA, Balaguer L, Flanagan NS. A tropical epiphytic orchid uses a low-light interception strategy in a spatially heterogeneous light environment. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan A. Delgado
- Department of Ecology; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; C/ José Antonio Nováis 2 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Nhora H. Ospina-Calderón
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali; Calle 18 No. 118-250 Cali Colombia
| | - Joel T. Otero
- Department of Biological Sciences; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Palmira Campus Carrera 32 No. 12 - 00 Palmira Colombia
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Department of Biology and Geology; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; Calle Tulipán, s/n 28933 Móstoles Spain
| | - María A. Sánchez
- Faculty of Ecology; Fundación Universitaria de Popayán; Vereda Los Robles Km 8 Vía Panamericana al Sur Popayán Colombia
| | - Luis Balaguer
- Department of Plant Biology I; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; C/ José Antonio Nováis 2 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Nicola S. Flanagan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Cali; Calle 18 No. 118-250 Cali Colombia
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Escribano-Rocafort AG, Ventre-Lespiaucq AB, Granado-Yela C, Rubio de Casas R, Delgado JA, Balaguer L. The expression of light-related leaf functional traits depends on the location of individual leaves within the crown of isolated Olea europaea trees. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:643-51. [PMID: 26944783 PMCID: PMC4817431 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial arrangement and expression of foliar syndromes within tree crowns can reflect the coupling between crown form and function in a given environment. Isolated trees subjected to high irradiance and concomitant stress may adjust leaf phenotypes to cope with environmental gradients that are heterogeneous in space and time within the tree crown. The distinct expression of leaf phenotypes among crown positions could lead to complementary patterns in light interception at the crown scale. METHODS We quantified eight light-related leaf traits across 12 crown positions of ten isolated Olea europaea trees in the field. Specifically, we investigated whether the phenotypic expression of foliar traits differed among crown sectors and layers and five periods of the day from sunrise to sunset. We investigated the consequences in terms of the exposed area of the leaves at the tree scale during a single day. KEY RESULTS All traits differed among crown positions except the length-to-width ratio of the leaves. We found a strong complementarity in the patterns of the potential exposed area of the leaves among day periods as a result of a non-random distribution of leaf angles across the crown. Leaf exposure at the outer layer was below 60 % of the displayed surface, reaching maximum interception during morning periods. Daily interception increased towards the inner layer, achieving consecutive maximization from east to west positions within the crown, matching the sun's trajectory. CONCLUSIONS The expression of leaf traits within isolated trees of O. europaea varies continuously through the crown in a gradient of leaf morphotypes and leaf angles depending on the exposure and location of individual leaves. The distribution of light-related traits within the crown and the complementarity in the potential exposure patterns of the leaves during the day challenges the assumption of low trait variability within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián G Escribano-Rocafort
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais St., 28040 Madrid, Spain,
| | - Agustina B Ventre-Lespiaucq
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais St., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Granado-Yela
- Department of Plant Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais St., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rubio de Casas
- Department of Ecology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. de la Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain and UMR 5175 CEFE - Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Juan A Delgado
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais St., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Balaguer
- Department of Plant Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais St., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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