1
|
Wang C, Chen X, Fang Z. Geometric morphometrics casts light on phylogenetic relevance of cephalopod beak morphological. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21691. [PMID: 38555512 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The feeding organ of cephalopod species, the beak, can be used to reveal important ecological information. In this study, geometric morphometric approaches were employed to investigate the phylogenetic relevance and classification effect of beak lateral profile shape. The two-dimensional beak morphologies of 1164 pairs of 24 species from 13 genera and five families were constructed, and their evolutionary relationships and taxonomic status were confirmed using geometric morphometrics and molecular biology approaches. We also assessed the phylogenetic signals of beak shape. The analysis results show shape variation in the beak mainly in the rostrum, hood, and lateral wall. The overall shape parameters (all PCs) of the upper and lower beak are more useful for species identification. The shapes of the upper and lower beak show a strong phylogenetic signal, and the phenogram based on the beak shape basically reflected the families' taxonomic positions. We also hypothesized that the shape variation in the beaks of cephalopods may be ascribed to genetic and environmental differences. In summary, beaks are a reliable material for the classification of cephalopod species. Geometric morphometric approaches are a powerful tool to reveal the identification, phylogenetic relevance and phenotypic diversity of beak shape in cephalopods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- College of Marine living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjun Chen
- College of Marine living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- College of Marine living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vanhoof MJM, Galletta L, Matthews H, De Groote I, Vereecke EE. Ulnar shape of extant primates: Functional signals and covariation with triquetrum shape. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 183:e24755. [PMID: 37171151 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the shape differences of the distal ulna in a phylogenetic context among a broad range of primate taxa. Furthermore, we evaluated covariation between ulnar and triquetrum shape and a possible association between ulnar shape and locomotor behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied 3D geometric morphometrics on a large dataset comprising the distal ulna of 124 anthropoid primate specimens belonging to 12 different genera. For each species, a mean shape was calculated using 11 Procrustes-aligned surface landmarks on the distal ulna. These mean shapes are used in a bgPCA, pPCA, and PACA and 3D morphs were used to visualize more subtle differences between taxa. A p2B-PLS analysis was performed to test the covariance between distal ulnar and triquetrum shape. RESULTS The results show that more closely related species exhibit a similar distal ulnar shape. Overall, extant hominid ulnae show a shape shift compared to those of extant monkeys and hylobatids. This includes a shortening of the ulnar styloid process and dorspalmarly widening of the ulnar head, shape characteristics that are independent of phylogeny. Within the hominids, Pongo pygmaeus seem to possess the most plesiomorphic distal ulnar shape, while Gorilla and Homo sapiens display the most derived distal ulna. Cercopithecoids, hylobatids, and P. pygmaeus are characterized by a relatively deep ECU groove, which is a shape trait dependent of phylogeny. Although there was no significant covariation between distal ulnar shape and triquetrum shape, the shape differences of the distal ulna between the different primate taxa reveal a possible link with locomotor behavior. CONCLUSIONS The comparative analyses of this study reveal different shape trends in a phylogenetic context. Highly arboreal primates, such as hylobatids and Ateles fusciceps, show a distal ulnar morphology that appears to be adapted to tensile and torsional forces. In primates that use their wrist under more compressive conditions, such as quadrupedal cercopithecoids and great apes, the distal ulnar morphology seems to reflect increased compressive forces. In modern humans, the distal ulnar shape can be associated to enhanced manipulative skills and power grips. There was no significant covariation between distal ulnar shape and triquetrum shape, probably due to the variation in the amount of contact between the triquetrum and ulna. In combination with future research on wrist mobility in diverse primate taxa, the results of this study will allow us to establish form-function relationships of the primate wrist and contribute towards an evidence-based interpretation of fossil remains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie J M Vanhoof
- Department of Development & Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences Group, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Galletta
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Pounds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harold Matthews
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Imaging Center, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle De Groote
- Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Belgium
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Paleoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Evie E Vereecke
- Department of Development & Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences Group, Kortrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garduño-Sánchez M, Hernández-Lozano J, Moran RL, Miranda-Gamboa R, Gross JB, Rohner N, Elliott WR, Miller J, Lozano-Vilano L, McGaugh SE, Ornelas-García CP. Phylogeographic relationships and morphological evolution between cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations (De Filippi 1853) (Actinopterygii, Characidae). Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5626-5644. [PMID: 37712324 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Astyanax mexicanus complex includes two different morphs, a surface- and a cave-adapted ecotype, found at three mountain ranges in Northeastern Mexico: Sierra de El Abra, Sierra de Guatemala and Sierra de la Colmena (Micos). Since their discovery, multiple studies have attempted to characterize the timing and the number of events that gave rise to the evolution of these cave-adapted ecotypes. Here, using RADseq and genome-wide sequencing, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure and gene flow events between the cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations, to estimate the tempo and mode of evolution of the cave-adapted ecotypes. We also evaluated the body shape evolution across different cave lineages using geometric morphometrics to examine the role of phylogenetic signal versus environmental pressures. We found strong evidence of parallel evolution of cave-adapted ecotypes derived from two separate lineages of surface fish and hypothesize that there may be up to four independent invasions of caves from surface fish. Moreover, a strong congruence between the genetic structure and geographic distribution was observed across the cave populations, with the Sierra de Guatemala the region exhibiting most genetic drift among the cave populations analysed. Interestingly, we found no evidence of phylogenetic signal in body shape evolution, but we found support for parallel evolution in body shape across independent cave lineages, with cavefish from the Sierra de El Abra reflecting the most divergent morphology relative to surface and other cavefish populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garduño-Sánchez
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Lozano
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramsés Miranda-Gamboa
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Mexico
| | - Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - William R Elliott
- Association for Mexican Cave Studies, Austin, Texas, USA
- Missouri Department of Conservation, Georgetown, Texas, USA
| | - Jeff Miller
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Lourdes Lozano-Vilano
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - C Patricia Ornelas-García
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roberts-Hugghis AS, Burress ED, Lam B, Wainwright PC. The cichlid pharyngeal jaw novelty enhances evolutionary integration in the feeding apparatus. Evolution 2023; 77:1917-1929. [PMID: 37326103 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The modified pharyngeal jaw system of cichlid fishes is widely viewed as a key innovation that substantially facilitated the evolutionary exuberance of this iconic evolutionary radiation. We conduct comparative phylogenetic analyses of integration, disparity, and rate of evolution among feeding-related, skeletal structures in Neotropical cichlids and North American centrarchids, which lack the specialized pharyngeal jaw. Contrasting evolutionary patterns in these two continental radiations, we test a classic decoupling hypothesis. Specifically, we ask whether the modified pharyngeal jaw in cichlids resulted in enhanced evolutionary independence of the oral and pharyngeal jaws, leading to increased diversity of trophic structures. Contrary to this prediction, we find significantly stronger evolutionary integration between the oral and pharyngeal jaws in cichlids compared to centrarchids, although the two groups do not differ in patterns of integration within each jaw system. Further, though we find no significant differences in disparity, centrarchids show faster rates of morphological evolution. Our results suggest that the modified pharyngeal jaw resulted in less evolutionary independence and slower rates of evolution within the feeding system. Thus, we raise the possibility that the cichlid novelty enhances feeding performance, but does not prompt increased morphological diversification within the feeding apparatus, as has long been thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward D Burress
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Brian Lam
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weisbecker V, Beck RMD, Guillerme T, Harrington AR, Lange-Hodgson L, Lee MSY, Mardon K, Phillips MJ. Multiple modes of inference reveal less phylogenetic signal in marsupial basicranial shape compared with the rest of the cranium. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220085. [PMID: 37183893 PMCID: PMC10184248 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporating morphological data into modern phylogenies allows integration of fossil evidence, facilitating divergence dating and macroevolutionary inferences. Improvements in the phylogenetic utility of morphological data have been sought via Procrustes-based geometric morphometrics (GMM), but with mixed success and little clarity over what anatomical areas are most suitable. Here, we assess GMM-based phylogenetic reconstructions in a heavily sampled source of discrete characters for mammalian phylogenetics-the basicranium-in 57 species of marsupial mammals, compared with the remainder of the cranium. We show less phylogenetic signal in the basicranium compared with a 'Rest of Cranium' partition, using diverse metrics of phylogenetic signal (Kmult, phylogenetically aligned principal components analysis, comparisons of UPGMA/neighbour-joining/parsimony trees and cophenetic distances to a reference phylogeny) for scaled, Procrustes-aligned landmarks and allometry-corrected residuals. Surprisingly, a similar pattern emerged from parsimony-based analyses of discrete cranial characters. The consistent results across methods suggest that easily computed metrics such as Kmult can provide good guidance on phylogenetic information in a landmarking configuration. In addition, GMM data may be less informative for intricate but conservative anatomical regions such as the basicranium, while better-but not necessarily novel-phylogenetic information can be expected for broadly characterized shapes such as entire bones. This article is part of the theme issue 'The mammalian skull: development, structure and function'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Weisbecker
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Robin M D Beck
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Thomas Guillerme
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Leonie Lange-Hodgson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael S Y Lee
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Earth Sciences Section, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia
| | - Karine Mardon
- Centre of Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Phillips
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rhoda DP, Haber A, Angielczyk KD. Diversification of the ruminant skull along an evolutionary line of least resistance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8929. [PMID: 36857459 PMCID: PMC9977183 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying how microevolutionary processes scale to macroevolutionary patterns is a fundamental goal in evolutionary biology, but these analyses, requiring comparative datasets of population-level variation, are limited. By analyzing a previously published dataset of 2859 ruminant crania, we find that variation within and between ruminant species is biased by a highly conserved mammalian-wide allometric pattern, CREA (craniofacial evolutionary allometry), where larger species have proportionally longer faces. Species with higher morphological integration and species more biased toward CREA have diverged farther from their ancestors, and Ruminantia as a clade diversified farther than expected in the direction of CREA. Our analyses indicate that CREA acts as an evolutionary "line of least resistance" and facilitates morphological diversification due to its alignment with the browser-grazer continuum. Together, our results demonstrate that constraints at the population level can produce highly directional patterns of phenotypic evolution at the macroevolutionary scale. Further research is needed to explore how CREA has been exploited in other mammalian clades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Rhoda
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Annat Haber
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Angielczyk
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang M, Stidham TA, O'Connor JK, Zhou Z. Insight into the evolutionary assemblage of cranial kinesis from a Cretaceous bird. eLife 2022; 11:e81337. [PMID: 36469022 PMCID: PMC9721616 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The independent movements and flexibility of various parts of the skull, called cranial kinesis, are an evolutionary innovation that is found in living vertebrates only in some squamates and crown birds and is considered to be a major factor underpinning much of the enormous phenotypic and ecological diversity of living birds, the most diverse group of extant amniotes. Compared to the postcranium, our understanding of the evolutionary assemblage of the characteristic modern bird skull has been hampered by sparse fossil records of early cranial materials, with competing hypotheses regarding the evolutionary development of cranial kinesis among early members of the avialans. Here, a detailed three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of the Early Cretaceous enantiornithine Yuanchuavis kompsosoura allows for its in-depth description, including elements that are poorly known among early-diverging avialans but are central to deciphering the mosaic assembly of features required for modern avian cranial kinesis. Our reconstruction of the skull shows evolutionary and functional conservation of the temporal and palatal regions by retaining the ancestral theropod dinosaurian configuration within the skull of this otherwise derived and volant bird. Geometric morphometric analysis of the palatine suggests that loss of the jugal process represents the first step in the structural modifications of this element leading to the kinetic crown bird condition. The mixture of plesiomorphic temporal and palatal structures together with a derived avialan rostrum and postcranial skeleton encapsulated in Yuanchuavis manifests the key role of evolutionary mosaicism and experimentation in early bird diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Thomas A Stidham
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Zhonghe Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Conith MR, Ringo D, Conith AJ, Deleon A, Wagner M, McMenamin S, Cason C, Cooper WJ. The Evolution of Feeding Mechanics in the Danioninae, or Why Giant Danios Don't Suck Like Zebrafish. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac049. [PMID: 36518182 PMCID: PMC9730500 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
By linking anatomical structure to mechanical performance we can improve our understanding of how selection shapes morphology. Here we examined the functional morphology of feeding in fishes of the subfamily Danioninae (order Cypriniformes) to determine aspects of cranial evolution connected with their trophic diversification. The Danioninae comprise three major lineages and each employs a different feeding strategy. We gathered data on skull form and function from species in each clade, then assessed their evolutionary dynamics using phylogenetic-comparative methods. Differences between clades are strongly associated with differences in jaw protrusion. The paedomorphic Danionella clade does not use jaw protrusion at all, members of the Danio clade use jaw protrusion for suction production and prey capture, and members of the sister clade to Danio (e.g., Devario and Microdevario) use jaw protrusion to retain prey after capture. The shape of the premaxillary bone is a major determinant of protrusion ability, and premaxilla morphology in each of these lineages is consistent with their protrusion strategies. Premaxilla shapes have evolved rapidly, which indicates that they have been subjected to strong selection. We compared premaxilla development in giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and discuss a developmental mechanism that could shift danionine fishes between the feeding strategies employed by these species and their respective clades. We also identified a highly integrated evolutionary module that has been an important factor in the evolution of trophic mechanics within the Danioninae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Conith
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - D Ringo
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - A J Conith
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - A Deleon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - M Wagner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - S McMenamin
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - C Cason
- Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - W J Cooper
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
- Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Black CR, Armbruster JW. Chew on this: Oral jaw shape is not correlated with diet type in loricariid catfishes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277102. [PMID: 36322589 PMCID: PMC9629652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between form and function is influenced by biomechanical constraints, natural selection, and ecological interactions. In many species of suction-feeding fishes, jaw shape has shown to be closely associated with diet. However, these correlations have not been tested in fishes that have more complex jaw functions. For example, the neotropical loricariid catfishes possess a ventrally facing oral disk, which allows for the oral jaws to adhere to surfaces to conduct feeding. To determine if jaw shape is correlated to diet type, we assessed oral jaw shape across 36 species using CT scans. Shape was quantified with traditional and automated landmarking in 3DSlicer, and diet type correlation was calculated using the phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) method. We found that traditional and automated processes captured shape effectively when all jaw components were combined. PGLS found that diet type did not correlate to jaw shape; however, there was a correlation between clades with diverse diets and fast evolutionary rates of shape. These results suggest that shape is not constrained to diet type, and that similarly shaped jaws coupled with different types of teeth could allow the fishes to feed on a wide range of materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinthia R. Black
- Department Entomology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan W. Armbruster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-022-00585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe examined the cranial morphology and cranial kinesis of the common toads Bufo bufo and B. spinosus with micro-computed tomography and geometric morphometrics and compared the results with published data for related species in a phylogenetic context. The species significantly diverge in skull shape. The skull of B. spinosus is shorter and higher, with a ventral arm of the squamosal bone and the jaw articulation point positioned perpendicular to the braincase, in comparison with a more lateral position in B. bufo. In either species, females have a shorter snout and a higher and wider skull at the jaw articulation point that is positioned more posteriorly, in comparison with conspecific males. High variation in the amount of bone ossification was recorded in both species, ranging from scarcely ossified and loosely connected bones to highly ossified and firmly connected bones. We also found that skull shape and inferred kinetic properties of the skull are highly variable across the Bufonini tribe. However, sample sizes are mostly small and intraspecific variation is high, which might compromise the analyses. Overall, the results suggest that developmental plasticity produces high variation in ossification and cranial kinesis, affecting individuals’ feeding performances. At the population level, this variation supports an efficient exploitation of the habitat and may promote morphological adaptation in a changing environment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Adams DC, Collyer ML. Consilience of methods for phylogenetic analysis of variance. Evolution 2022; 76:1406-1419. [PMID: 35522593 PMCID: PMC9544334 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simulation-based and permutation-based inferential methods are commonplace in phylogenetic comparative methods, especially as evolutionary data have become more complex and parametric methods more limited for their analysis. Both approaches simulate many random outcomes from a null model to empirically generate sampling distributions of statistics. Although simulation-based and permutation-based methods seem commensurate in purpose, results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on the distributions of random F-statistics produced by these methods can be quite different in practice. Differences could be from either the null-model process that generates variation across many simulations or random permutations of the data, or different estimation methods for linear model coefficients and statistics. Unfortunately, because the null-model process and coefficient estimation are intrinsically linked in phylogenetic ANOVA methods, the precise reason for methodological differences has not been fully considered. Here we show that the null-model processes of phylogenetic simulation and randomizing residuals in a permutation procedure are indeed commensurate, and that both also produce results consistent with parametric ANOVA, for cases where parametric ANOVA is possible. We also provide results that caution against using ordinary least-squares estimation along with phylogenetic simulation; a typical phylogenetic ANOVA implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean C. Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
David R, Bronzati M, Benson RBJ. Comment on "The early origin of a birdlike inner ear and the evolution of dinosaurian movement and vocalization". Science 2022; 376:eabl6710. [PMID: 35737763 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl6710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hanson et al. (Research Articles, 7 May 2021, p. 601) claim that the shape of the vestibular apparatus reflects the evolution of reptilian locomotion. Using biomechanics, we demonstrate that semicircular canal shape is a dubious predictor of semicircular duct function. Additionally, we show that the inference methods used by Hanson et al. largely overestimate relationships between semicircular canal shape and locomotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain David
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Mario Bronzati
- Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia J, Li G, Gao KQ. Palatal morphology predicts the paleobiology of early salamanders. eLife 2022; 11:76864. [PMID: 35575462 PMCID: PMC9170251 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological preferences and life history strategies have enormous impacts on the evolution and phenotypic diversity of salamanders, but the yet established reliable ecological indicators from bony skeletons hinder investigations into the paleobiology of early salamanders. Here, we statistically demonstrate by using time-calibrated cladograms and geometric morphometric analysis on 71 specimens in 36 species, that both the shape of the palate and many non-shape covariates particularly associated with vomerine teeth are ecologically informative in early stem- and basal crown-group salamanders. Disparity patterns within the morphospace of the palate in ecological preferences, life history strategies, and taxonomic affiliations were analyzed in detail, and evolutionary rates and ancestral states of the palate were reconstructed. Our results show that the palate is heavily impacted by convergence constrained by feeding mechanisms and also exhibits clear stepwise evolutionary patterns with alternative phenotypic configurations to cope with similar functional demand. Salamanders are diversified ecologically before the Middle Jurassic and achieved all their present ecological preferences in the Early Cretaceous. Our results reveal that the last common ancestor of all salamanders share with other modern amphibians a unified biphasic ecological preference, and metamorphosis is significant in the expansion of ecomorphospace of the palate in early salamanders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Guangzhao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Ke-Qin Gao
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fish scale shape follows predictable patterns of variation based on water column position, body size, and phylogeny. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
15
|
Collyer ML, Baken EK, Adams DC. A standardized effect size for evaluating and comparing the strength of phylogenetic signal. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica K. Baken
- Department of Science Chatham University Pittsburgh PA USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA USA
| | - Dean C. Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Friedman ST, Collyer ML, Price SA, Wainwright PC. Divergent processes drive parallel evolution in marine and freshwater fishes. Syst Biol 2021; 71:1319-1330. [PMID: 34605882 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary comparisons between major environmental divides, such as between marine and freshwater systems, can reveal the fundamental processes governing diversification dynamics. Although processes may differ due to the different scales of their biogeographic barriers, freshwater and marine environments nevertheless offer similar opportunities for diversification in benthic, demersal, and pelagic habitats. Here, we compare the evolutionary patterns and processes shaping teleost diversity both in each of these three habitats and between marine and freshwater systems. Using specimens from the National Museum of Natural History, we developed a dataset of linear measurements capturing body shape in 2,266 freshwater and 3,344 marine teleost species. With a novel comparative approach, we contrast the primary axis of morphological diversification in each habitat with the major axis defined by phylogenetic signal. By comparing angles between these axes, we find that fish in corresponding habitats have more similar primary axes of morphological diversity than would be expected by chance, but that different historical processes underlie these parallel patterns in freshwater and marine environments. Marine diversification is more strongly aligned with phylogenetic signal and shows a trend toward lineages occupying separate regions of morphospace. In contrast, ecological signal appears to be a strong driver of diversification in freshwater lineages through repeated morphological evolution in densely packed regions of morphospace. In spite of these divergent histories, our findings reveal that habitat has driven convergent patterns of evolutionary diversification on a global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Friedman
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M L Collyer
- Department of Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
| | - S A Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - P C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baken EK, Collyer ML, Kaliontzopoulou A, Adams DC. geomorph v4.0 and gmShiny: Enhanced analytics and a new graphical interface for a comprehensive morphometric experience. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica K. Baken
- Department of Science Chatham University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources Vairão Portugal
| | - Dean C. Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Conith AJ, Albertson RC. The cichlid oral and pharyngeal jaws are evolutionarily and genetically coupled. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5477. [PMID: 34531386 PMCID: PMC8445992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary constraints may significantly bias phenotypic change, while "breaking" from such constraints can lead to expanded ecological opportunity. Ray-finned fishes have broken functional constraints by developing two jaws (oral-pharyngeal), decoupling prey capture (oral jaw) from processing (pharyngeal jaw). It is hypothesized that the oral and pharyngeal jaws represent independent evolutionary modules and this facilitated diversification in feeding architectures. Here we test this hypothesis in African cichlids. Contrary to our expectation, we find integration between jaws at multiple evolutionary levels. Next, we document integration at the genetic level, and identify a candidate gene, smad7, within a pleiotropic locus for oral and pharyngeal jaw shape that exhibits correlated expression between the two tissues. Collectively, our data show that African cichlid evolutionary success has occurred within the context of a coupled jaw system, an attribute that may be driving adaptive evolution in this iconic group by facilitating rapid shifts between foraging habitats, providing an advantage in a stochastic environment such as the East African Rift-Valley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Conith
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - R Craig Albertson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dubied M, Montuire S, Navarro N. Commonalities and evolutionary divergences of mandible shape ontogenies in rodents. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1637-1652. [PMID: 34449936 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, significant changes take place during postnatal growth, linked to changes in diet (from sucking to gnawing). During this period, mandible development is highly interconnected with muscle growth and the epigenetic interactions between muscle and bone control the spatialization of bone formation and remodelling in response to biomechanical strain. This mechanism contributes to postnatal developmental plasticity and may have influenced the course of evolutionary divergences between species and clades. We sought to model postnatal changes at a macroevolutionary scale by analysing ontogenetic trajectories of mandible shape across 16 species belonging mainly to two suborders of Rodents, Myomorpha and Hystricomorpha, which differ in muscle attachments, tooth growth and life-history traits. Myomorpha species present a much stronger magnitude of changes over a shorter growth period. Among Hystricomorpha, part of the observed adult shape is set up prenatally, and most postnatal trajectories are genus-specific, which agrees with nonlinear developmental trajectories over longer gestational periods. Beside divergence at large scale, we find some collinearities between evolutionary and developmental trajectories. A common developmental trend was also observed, leading to enlargement of the masseter fossa during postnatal growth. The tooth growth, especially hypselodonty, seems to be a major driver of divergences of postnatal trajectories. These muscle- and tooth-related effects on postnatal trajectories suggest opportunities for developmental plasticity in the evolution of the mandible shape, opportunities that may have differed across Rodent clades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Dubied
- Biogeosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Montuire
- Biogeosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogeosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tamagnini D, Canestrelli D, Meloro C, Raia P, Maiorano L. New Avenues for Old Travellers: Phenotypic Evolutionary Trends Meet Morphodynamics, and Both Enter the Global Change Biology Era. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvolutionary trends (ETs) are traditionally defined as substantial changes in the state of traits through time produced by a persistent condition of directional evolution. ETs might also include directional responses to ecological, climatic or biological gradients and represent the primary evolutionary pattern at high taxonomic levels and over long-time scales. The absence of a well-supported operative definition of ETs blurred the definition of conceptual differences between ETs and other key concepts in evolution such as convergence, parallel evolution, and divergence. Also, it prevented the formulation of modern guidelines for studying ETs and evolutionary dynamics related to them. In phenotypic evolution, the theory of morphodynamics states that the interplay between evolutionary factors such as phylogeny, evo-devo constraints, environment, and biological function determines morphological evolution. After introducing a new operative definition, here we provide a morphodynamics-based framework for studying phenotypic ETs, discussing how understanding the impact of these factors on ETs improves the explanation of links between biological patterns and processes underpinning directional evolution. We envisage that adopting a quantitative, pattern-based, and multifactorial approach will pave the way to new potential applications for this field of evolutionary biology. In this framework, by exploiting the catalysing effect of climate change on evolution, research on ETs induced by global change might represent an ideal arena for validating hypotheses about the predictability of evolution.
Collapse
|
21
|
The Tadpoles and Advertisement Call of Trachycephalus imitatrix and T. dibernardoi (Anura: Hylidae). J HERPETOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1670/20-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
22
|
Franco-Belussi L, Provete DB, Leão TRF, Siqueira MS, Valverde BSL, Martins BO, De Oliveira C, Fernandes CE. Hematological parameters of a Neotropical wild frog population, with a phylogenetic perspective on blood cell composition in Anura. Curr Zool 2021; 68:361-369. [PMID: 35592344 PMCID: PMC9113348 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological parameters can provide key information to an animal health status. However, this information is usually hard to obtain. Here, we described the hematological parameters of Leptodactylus podicipinus in the Brazilian Pantanal. We measured red blood cell morphometrics, erythrogram, and leukogram. We also tested for phylogenetic signal in the erythrogram and leukogram of 48 frog species from 15 families, testing if body size explains their variation. Lymphocytes were the most abundant leukocytes (>60%) in L. podicipinus, followed by neutrophils (∼10%). Given that L. podicipinus is an abundant and widely distributed species in central Brazil, knowing its hematological pattern can help establish a baseline and improve its use as a bioindicator of environmental degradation. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and value contributed more to the phylomorphospace of erythrogram, in which Leptodactylus spp. and Hypsiboas raniceps had lower values of these variables, whereas Bufotes viridis and Hyla arborea had high values. The phylogenetic signal was spread throughout the dimensions of the leukogram phylomorphospace. The variables that most contributed to it were total leukocytes counts, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. We also found a moderate phylogenetic signal for both the erythrogram and leukogram. Accordingly, body size accounted for a low proportion of variation in both the leukogram (4.7%) and erythrogram (0.57%). By applying phylogenetic comparative methods to hematological parameters, our results add a new perspective on the evolution of blood cell physiology in frogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79002970, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Provete
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79002970, Brazil
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Göteborg, Box 100, S 405 30, Sweden
| | - Taynara R F Leão
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Siqueira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79002970, Brazil
| | - Bruno S L Valverde
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda O Martins
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eurico Fernandes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79002970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Evolutionary innovations are scattered throughout the tree of life, and have allowed the organisms that possess them to occupy novel adaptive zones. While the impacts of these innovations are well documented, much less is known about how these innovations arise in the first place. Patterns of covariation among traits across macroevolutionary time can offer insights into the generation of innovation. However, to date, there is no consensus on the role that trait covariation plays in this process. The evolution of cranial asymmetry in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) from within Carangaria was a rapid evolutionary innovation that preceded the colonization of benthic aquatic habitats by this clade, and resulted in one of the most bizarre body plans observed among extant vertebrates. Here, we use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and a phylogenetic comparative toolkit to reconstruct the evolution of skull shape in carangarians, and quantify patterns of integration and modularity across the skull. We find that the evolution of asymmetry in flatfishes was a rapid process, resulting in the colonization of novel trait space, that was aided by strong integration that coordinated shape changes across the skull. Our findings suggest that integration plays a major role in the evolution of innovation by synchronizing responses to selective pressures across the organism.
Collapse
|