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Lloyd E, Xia F, Moore K, Zertuche C, Rastogi A, Kozol R, Kenzior O, Warren W, Appelbaum L, Moran RL, Zhao C, Duboue E, Rohner N, Keene AC. Elevated DNA Damage without signs of aging in the short-sleeping Mexican Cavefish. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.18.590174. [PMID: 38659770 PMCID: PMC11042282 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of sleep has widespread health consequences and represents an enormous health burden. Short-sleeping individuals are predisposed to the effects of neurodegeneration, suggesting a critical role for sleep in the maintenance of neuronal health. While the effects of sleep on cellular function are not completely understood, growing evidence has identified an association between sleep loss and DNA damage, raising the possibility that sleep facilitates efficient DNA repair. The Mexican tetra fish, Astyanax mexicanus provides a model to investigate the evolutionary basis for changes in sleep and the consequences of sleep loss. Multiple cave-adapted populations of these fish have evolved to sleep for substantially less time compared to surface populations of the same species without identifiable impacts on healthspan or longevity. To investigate whether the evolved sleep loss is associated with DNA damage and cellular stress, we compared the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and oxidative stress levels between A. mexicanus populations. We measured markers of chronic sleep loss and discovered elevated levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX in the brain, and increased oxidative stress in the gut of cavefish, consistent with chronic sleep deprivation. Notably, we found that acute UV-induced DNA damage elicited an increase in sleep in surface fish but not in cavefish. On a transcriptional level, only the surface fish activated the photoreactivation repair pathway following UV damage. These findings suggest a reduction of the DDR in cavefish compared to surface fish that coincides with elevated DNA damage in cavefish. To examine DDR pathways at a cellular level, we created an embryonic fibroblast cell line from the two populations of A. mexicanus. We observed that both the DDR and DNA repair were diminished in the cavefish cells, corroborating the in vivo findings and suggesting that the acute response to DNA damage is lost in cavefish. To investigate the long-term impact of these changes, we compared the transcriptome in the brain and gut of aged surface fish and cavefish. Strikingly, many genes that are differentially expressed between young and old surface fish do not transcriptionally vary by age in cavefish. Taken together, these findings suggest that have developed resilience to sleep loss, despite possessing cellular hallmarks of chronic sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Lloyd
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Fanning Xia
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Kinsley Moore
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Carolina Zertuche
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Aakriti Rastogi
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Rob Kozol
- Harriet Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Olga Kenzior
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Wesley Warren
- Department of Genomics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- Faculty of Life Science and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Illan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Chongbei Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Erik Duboue
- Harriet Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
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2
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Black TN, Rastogi A, Saegert A, Dib J, Moran RL. Male recognition of conspecific female chemical cues in a diverse clade of freshwater fishes. J Fish Biol 2024; 104:883-886. [PMID: 37906501 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Where orangethroat darters (Etheostoma: Ceasia) and rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum) co-occur, males prefer conspecific over heterospecific females. The cues males use to identify conspecific females remain unclear. We conducted behavioral trials to ask whether chemical cues function in conspecific recognition. We found that males from three orangethroat darter species preferentially associate with female scent over a control. Our results support the use of olfaction in conspecific identification in the orangethroat clade and contribute to our understanding of signals that may facilitate species recognition and underlie the evolution of behavioral isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N Black
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aakriti Rastogi
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Abby Saegert
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Dib
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Garduño-Sánchez M, Hernández-Lozano J, Moran RL, Miranda-Gamboa R, Gross JB, Rohner N, Elliott WR, Miller J, Lozano-Vilano L, McGaugh SE, Ornelas-García CP. Phylogeographic relationships and morphological evolution between cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations (De Filippi 1853) (Actinopterygii, Characidae). Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5626-5644. [PMID: 37712324 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Astyanax mexicanus complex includes two different morphs, a surface- and a cave-adapted ecotype, found at three mountain ranges in Northeastern Mexico: Sierra de El Abra, Sierra de Guatemala and Sierra de la Colmena (Micos). Since their discovery, multiple studies have attempted to characterize the timing and the number of events that gave rise to the evolution of these cave-adapted ecotypes. Here, using RADseq and genome-wide sequencing, we assessed the phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure and gene flow events between the cave and surface Astyanax mexicanus populations, to estimate the tempo and mode of evolution of the cave-adapted ecotypes. We also evaluated the body shape evolution across different cave lineages using geometric morphometrics to examine the role of phylogenetic signal versus environmental pressures. We found strong evidence of parallel evolution of cave-adapted ecotypes derived from two separate lineages of surface fish and hypothesize that there may be up to four independent invasions of caves from surface fish. Moreover, a strong congruence between the genetic structure and geographic distribution was observed across the cave populations, with the Sierra de Guatemala the region exhibiting most genetic drift among the cave populations analysed. Interestingly, we found no evidence of phylogenetic signal in body shape evolution, but we found support for parallel evolution in body shape across independent cave lineages, with cavefish from the Sierra de El Abra reflecting the most divergent morphology relative to surface and other cavefish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Garduño-Sánchez
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Lozano
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramsés Miranda-Gamboa
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Mexico
| | - Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - William R Elliott
- Association for Mexican Cave Studies, Austin, Texas, USA
- Missouri Department of Conservation, Georgetown, Texas, USA
| | - Jeff Miller
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Lourdes Lozano-Vilano
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - C Patricia Ornelas-García
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Powers AK, Hyacinthe C, Riddle MR, Kim YK, Amaismeier A, Thiel K, Martineau B, Ferrante E, Moran RL, McGaugh SE, Boggs TE, Gross JB, Tabin CJ. Genetic mapping of craniofacial traits in the Mexican tetra reveals loci associated with bite differences between cave and surface fish. BMC Ecol Evol 2023; 23:41. [PMID: 37626324 PMCID: PMC10463419 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, includes interfertile surface-dwelling and cave-dwelling morphs, enabling powerful studies aimed at uncovering genes involved in the evolution of cave-associated traits. Compared to surface fish, cavefish harbor several extreme traits within their skull, such as a protruding lower jaw, a wider gape, and an increase in tooth number. These features are highly variable between individual cavefish and even across different cavefish populations. RESULTS To investigate these traits, we created a novel feeding behavior assay wherein bite impressions could be obtained. We determined that fish with an underbite leave larger bite impressions with an increase in the number of tooth marks. Capitalizing on the ability to produce hybrids from surface and cavefish crosses, we investigated genes underlying these segregating orofacial traits by performing Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis with F2 hybrids. We discovered significant QTL for bite (underbite vs. overbite) that mapped to a single region of the Astyanax genome. Within this genomic region, multiple genes exhibit coding region mutations, some with known roles in bone development. Further, we determined that there is evidence that this genomic region is under natural selection. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights cavefish as a valuable genetic model for orofacial patterning and will provide insight into the genetic regulators of jaw and tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Powers
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carole Hyacinthe
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Misty R Riddle
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Young Kwang Kim
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alleigh Amaismeier
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, 3800 Victory Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Kathryn Thiel
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, 3800 Victory Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Brian Martineau
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emma Ferrante
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Biology, Texas A & M University, 100 Butler Hall, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1500 Gortner Ave., Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Tyler E Boggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 312 College Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 312 College Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Moran RL, Richards EJ, Ornelas-García CP, Gross JB, Donny A, Wiese J, Keene AC, Kowalko JE, Rohner N, McGaugh SE. Selection-driven trait loss in independently evolved cavefish populations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2557. [PMID: 37137902 PMCID: PMC10156726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that a single phenotype can be produced by many different genotypes; however, in natural systems, it is frequently found that phenotypic convergence is due to parallel genetic changes. This suggests a substantial role for constraint and determinism in evolution and indicates that certain mutations are more likely to contribute to phenotypic evolution. Here we use whole genome resequencing in the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, to investigate how selection has shaped the repeated evolution of both trait loss and enhancement across independent cavefish lineages. We show that selection on standing genetic variation and de novo mutations both contribute substantially to repeated adaptation. Our findings provide empirical support for the hypothesis that genes with larger mutational targets are more likely to be the substrate of repeated evolution and indicate that features of the cave environment may impact the rate at which mutations occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Emilie J Richards
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior S/N. CP 04510, D. F. México, México City, México
| | - Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexandra Donny
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan Wiese
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Johanna E Kowalko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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6
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Moran RL, Jaggard JB, Roback EY, Kenzior A, Rohner N, Kowalko JE, Ornelas-García CP, McGaugh SE, Keene AC. Hybridization underlies localized trait evolution in cavefish. iScience 2022; 25:103778. [PMID: 35146393 PMCID: PMC8819016 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introgressive hybridization may play an integral role in local adaptation and speciation (Taylor and Larson, 2019). In the Mexican tetra Astyanax mexicanus, cave populations have repeatedly evolved traits including eye loss, sleep loss, and albinism. Of the 30 caves inhabited by A. mexicanus, Chica cave is unique because it contains multiple pools inhabited by putative hybrids between surface and cave populations (Mitchell et al., 1977), providing an opportunity to investigate the impact of hybridization on complex trait evolution. We show that hybridization between cave and surface populations may contribute to localized variation in traits associated with cave evolution, including pigmentation, eye development, and sleep. We also uncover an example of convergent evolution in a circadian clock gene in multiple cavefish lineages and burrowing mammals, suggesting a shared genetic mechanism underlying circadian disruption in subterranean vertebrates. Our results provide insight into the role of hybridization in facilitating phenotypic evolution. Hybridization leads to a localized difference in sleep duration within a single cave Genomic analysis identifies coding differences in Cry1A across cave pools Changes in Cry1A appear to be conserved in cavefish and burrowing mammals
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O'Gorman M, Thakur S, Imrie G, Moran RL, Choy S, Sifuentes-Romero I, Bilandžija H, Renner KJ, Duboué E, Rohner N, McGaugh SE, Keene AC, Kowalko JE. Pleiotropic function of the oca2 gene underlies the evolution of sleep loss and albinism in cavefish. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3694-3701.e4. [PMID: 34293332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to novel environments often involves the evolution of multiple morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits. One striking example of multi-trait evolution is the suite of traits that has evolved repeatedly in cave animals, including regression of eyes, loss of pigmentation, and enhancement of non-visual sensory systems.1,2 The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, consists of fish that inhabit at least 30 caves in Mexico and ancestral-like surface fish that inhabit the rivers of Mexico and southern Texas.3 Cave A. mexicanus are interfertile with surface fish and have evolved a number of traits, including reduced pigmentation, eye loss, and alterations to behavior.4-6 To define relationships between different cave-evolved traits, we phenotyped 208 surface-cave F2 hybrid fish for numerous morphological and behavioral traits. We found differences in sleep between pigmented and albino hybrid fish, raising the possibility that these traits share a genetic basis. In cavefish and other species, mutations in oculocutaneous albinism 2 (oca2) cause albinism.7-12 Surface fish with mutations in oca2 displayed both albinism and reduced sleep. Further, this mutation in oca2 fails to complement sleep loss when surface fish harboring this engineered mutation are crossed to independently evolved populations of albino cavefish with naturally occurring mutations in oca2. Analysis of the oca2 locus in wild-caught cave and surface fish suggests that oca2 is under positive selection in 3 cave populations. Taken together, these findings identify oca2 as a novel regulator of sleep and suggest that a pleiotropic function of oca2 underlies the adaptive evolution of albinism and sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan O'Gorman
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Sunishka Thakur
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Gillian Imrie
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Stefan Choy
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Helena Bilandžija
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kenneth J Renner
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Erik Duboué
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Alex C Keene
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Biology Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Johanna E Kowalko
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Chang CH, Catchen J, Moran RL, Rivera-Colón AG, Wang YC, Fuller RC. Sequence Analysis and Ontogenetic Expression Patterns of Cone Opsin Genes in the Bluefin Killifish (Lucania goodei). J Hered 2021; 112:357-366. [PMID: 33837393 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems allow for the transfer of environmental stimuli into internal cues that can alter physiology and behavior. Many studies of visual systems focus on opsins to compare spectral sensitivity among individuals, populations, and species living in different lighting environments. This requires an understanding of the cone opsins, which can be numerous. The bluefin killifish is a good model for studying the interaction between environments and visual systems as they are found in both clear springs and tannin-stained swamps. We conducted a genome-wide screening and demonstrated that the bluefin killifish has 9 cone opsins: 1 SWS1 (354 nm), 2 SWS2 (SWS2B: 359 nm, SWS2A: 448 nm), 2 RH2 (RH2-2: 476 nm, RH2-1: 537 nm), and 4 LWS (LWS-1: 569 nm, LWS-2: 524 nm, LWS-3: 569 nm, LWS-R: 560 or 569 nm). These 9 cone opsins were located on 4 scaffolds. One scaffold contained the 2 SWS2 and 3 of the 4 LWS opsins in the same syntenic order as found in other cyprinodontoid fishes. We also compared opsin expression in larval and adult killifish under clear water conditions, which mimic springs. Two of the newly discovered opsins (LWS-2 and LWS-3) were expressed at low levels (<0.2%). Whether these opsins make meaningful contributions to visual perception in other contexts (i.e., swamp conditions) is unclear. In contrast, there was an ontogenetic change from using LWS-R to LWS-1 opsin. Bluefin killifish adults may be slightly more sensitive to longer wavelengths, which might be related to sexual selection and/or foraging preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- TIGP, Biodiversity Program, Tunghai University, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Julian Catchen
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, South Goodwin, Urbana, IL
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN
| | - Angel G Rivera-Colón
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, South Goodwin, Urbana, IL
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Planning and Information Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 606 East Healey Street, Champaign, IL
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9
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Warren WC, Boggs TE, Borowsky R, Carlson BM, Ferrufino E, Gross JB, Hillier L, Hu Z, Keene AC, Kenzior A, Kowalko JE, Tomlinson C, Kremitzki M, Lemieux ME, Graves-Lindsay T, McGaugh SE, Miller JT, Mommersteeg MTM, Moran RL, Peuß R, Rice ES, Riddle MR, Sifuentes-Romero I, Stanhope BA, Tabin CJ, Thakur S, Yamamoto Y, Rohner N. A chromosome-level genome of Astyanax mexicanus surface fish for comparing population-specific genetic differences contributing to trait evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1447. [PMID: 33664263 PMCID: PMC7933363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the genetic factors that underlie complex traits is central to understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of evolution. Cave-dwelling Astyanax mexicanus populations are well adapted to subterranean life and many populations appear to have evolved troglomorphic traits independently, while the surface-dwelling populations can be used as a proxy for the ancestral form. Here we present a high-resolution, chromosome-level surface fish genome, enabling the first genome-wide comparison between surface fish and cavefish populations. Using this resource, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analyses and found new candidate genes for eye loss such as dusp26. We used CRISPR gene editing in A. mexicanus to confirm the essential role of a gene within an eye size QTL, rx3, in eye formation. We also generated the first genome-wide evaluation of deletion variability across cavefish populations to gain insight into this potential source of cave adaptation. The surface fish genome reference now provides a more complete resource for comparative, functional and genetic studies of drastic trait differences within a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Tyler E Boggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Brian M Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Estephany Ferrufino
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Joshua B Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - LaDeana Hillier
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhilian Hu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Johanna E Kowalko
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Milinn Kremitzki
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Miller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Robert Peuß
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Edward S Rice
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Misty R Riddle
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Bethany A Stanhope
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunishka Thakur
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Reid BN, Moran RL, Kopack CJ, Fitzpatrick SW. Rapture-ready darters: Choice of reference genome and genotyping method (whole-genome or sequence capture) influence population genomic inference in Etheostoma. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:404-420. [PMID: 33058399 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Researchers studying nonmodel organisms have an increasing number of methods available for generating genomic data. However, the applicability of different methods across species, as well as the effect of reference genome choice on population genomic inference, remain difficult to predict in many cases. We evaluated the impact of data type (whole-genome vs. reduced representation) and reference genome choice on data quality and on population genomic and phylogenomic inference across several species of darters (subfamily Etheostomatinae), a highly diverse radiation of freshwater fish. We generated a high-quality reference genome and developed a hybrid RADseq/sequence capture (Rapture) protocol for the Arkansas darter (Etheostoma cragini). Rapture data from 1,900 individuals spanning four darter species showed recovery of most loci across darter species at high depth and consistent estimates of heterozygosity regardless of reference genome choice. Loci with baits spanning both sides of the restriction enzyme cut site performed especially well across species. For low-coverage whole-genome data, choice of reference genome affected read depth and inferred heterozygosity. For similar amounts of sequence data, Rapture performed better at identifying fine-scale genetic structure compared to whole-genome sequencing. Rapture loci also recovered an accurate phylogeny for the study species and demonstrated high phylogenetic informativeness across the evolutionary history of the genus Etheostoma. Low cost and high cross-species effectiveness regardless of reference genome suggest that Rapture and similar sequence capture methods may be worthwhile choices for studies of diverse species radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan N Reid
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
| | - Rachel L Moran
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah W Fitzpatrick
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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11
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Abstract
Comparative genomic approaches are increasingly being used to study the evolution of reproductive barriers in nonmodel species. Although numerous studies have examined prezygotic isolation in darters (Percidae), investigations into postzygotic barriers have remained rare due to long generation times and a lack of genomic resources. Orangethroat and rainbow darters naturally hybridize and provide a remarkable example of male-driven speciation via character displacement. Backcross hybrids suffer from high mortality, which appears to promote behavioral isolation in sympatry. To investigate the genomic architecture of postzygotic isolation, we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to generate a chromosome-level, annotated assembly of the orangethroat darter genome and high-density linkage maps for orangethroat and rainbow darters. We also analyzed genome-wide RADseq data from wild-caught adults of both species and laboratory-generated backcrosses to identify genomic regions associated with hybrid incompatibles. Several putative chromosomal translocations and inversions were observed between orangethroat and rainbow darters, suggesting structural rearrangements may underlie postzygotic isolation. We also found evidence of selection against recombinant haplotypes and transmission ratio distortion in backcross hybrid genomes, providing further insight into the genomic architecture of genetic incompatibilities. Notably, regions with high levels of genetic divergence between species were enriched for genes associated with developmental and meiotic processes, providing strong candidates for postzygotic isolating barriers. These findings mark significant contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis of reproductive isolation between species undergoing character displacement. Furthermore, the genomic resources presented here will be instrumental for studying speciation in darters, the most diverse vertebrate group in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Julian M Catchen
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
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Moran RL, Zhou M, Catchen JM, Fuller RC. Hybridization and postzygotic isolation promote reinforcement of male mating preferences in a diverse group of fishes with traditional sex roles. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9282-9294. [PMID: 30377500 PMCID: PMC6194240 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral isolation is thought to arise early in speciation due to differential sexual and/or natural selection favoring different preferences and traits in different lineages. Instead, behavioral isolation can arise due to reinforcement favoring traits and preferences that prevent maladaptive hybridization. In darters, female preference for male coloration has been hypothesized to drive speciation, because behavioral isolation evolves before F1 inviability. However, as with many long-lived organisms, the fitness of second-generation hybrids has not been assessed because raising animals to adulthood in the laboratory is challenging. Of late, reinforcement of male preferences has been implicated in darters because male preference for conspecific females is high in sympatry but absent in allopatry in multiple species pairs. The hypothesis that reinforcement accounts for behavioral isolation in sympatry assumes that hybridization and postzygotic isolation are present. Here, we used genomic and morphological data to demonstrate that hybridization is ongoing between orangethroat and rainbow darters and used hybrids collected from nature to measure postzygotic barriers across two hybrid generations. We observed sex ratio distortion in adult F1s and a dramatic reduction in backcross survival. Our findings indicate that selection to avoid hybridization promotes the evolution of male-driven behavioral isolation via reinforcement in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Moran
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinois
- Department of Animal BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinois
| | - Muchu Zhou
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinois
- Department of Animal BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinois
| | - Julian M. Catchen
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinois
- Department of Animal BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinois
| | - Rebecca C. Fuller
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinois
- Department of Animal BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinois
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13
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Moran RL, Fuller RC. Agonistic character displacement of genetically based male colour patterns across darters. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181248. [PMID: 30068684 PMCID: PMC6111152 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonistic character displacement (ACD) occurs when selection to avoid maladaptive interspecific aggression leads to the evolution of agonistic signals and/or associated behavioural biases in sympatry. Here, we test for a pattern consistent with ACD in male colour pattern in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Male colour pattern has been shown to function in male-male competition rather than female mating preferences in several darter species. Additionally, males bias their aggression towards conspecific over heterospecific males in sympatry but not in allopatry, consistent with divergent ACD in male behavioural biases. We use a common garden approach to show that differences in male colour pattern among four closely related darter species are genetically based. Additionally, we demonstrate that some aspects of male colour pattern exhibit enhanced differences in sympatric compared to allopatric populations of two darter species, consistent with ACD. However, other male colour traits are more similar between species in sympatry compared with allopatry, indicating that not all signal components are under strong divergent selection in sympatry. This study provides evidence that interspecific male-male aggressive interactions alone can promote elaborate male signal evolution both between and within species. We discuss the implications this has for male-driven ACD and cascade ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Moran RL, Soukup RM, Zhou M, Fuller RC. Egg viability decreases rapidly with time since ovulation in the rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum: implications for the costs of choosiness. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:532-536. [PMID: 29230804 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Egg viability in the rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum, a fish apparently lacking female mate choice, was found to decline rapidly after ovulation. It was observed that the majority of a female's clutch may fail to hatch if she is prevented from mating for as little as 6 h. These data suggest that exercising female mate preferences may be selectively disfavoured in E. caeruleum due to the high cost of delaying mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Moran
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A
| | - R M Soukup
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A
| | - M Zhou
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A
| | - R C Fuller
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A
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Moran RL, Fuller RC. Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters and its implications for speciation in allopatry. Curr Zool 2018; 64:101-113. [PMID: 29492043 PMCID: PMC5809036 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection against hybridization can cause mating traits to diverge between species in sympatry via reproductive character displacement (RCD). Additionally, selection against interspecific fighting can cause aggressive traits to diverge between sympatric species via agonistic character displacement (ACD). By directly affecting conspecific recognition traits, RCD and ACD between species can also incidentally cause divergence in mating and fighting traits among populations within a species [termed cascade RCD (CRCD) and cascade ACD]. Here, we demonstrate patterns consistent with male-driven RCD and ACD in 2 groups of darters (orangethroat darter clade Ceasia and rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum). In both groups, males that occur in sympatry (between Ceasia and E. caeruleum) have higher levels of preference for mating and fighting with conspecifics over heterospecifics than do males from allopatry. This is consistent with RCD and ACD. We also found patterns consistent with CRCD and cascade ACD among species of Ceasia. Ceasia males that are sympatric to E. caeruleum (but allopatric to one another) also have heightened preferences for mating and fighting with conspecific versus heterospecific Ceasia. In contrast, Ceasia males that are allopatric to E. caeruleum readily mate and fight with heterospecific Ceasia. We suggest that RCD and ACD between Ceasia and E. caeruleum has incidentally led to divergence in mating and fighting traits among Ceasia species. This study is unique in that male preferences evolve via both RCD (male preference for conspecific females) and ACD (male preference to fight conspecific males) which leads to subsequent divergence among allopatric lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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16
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Moran RL, Zhou M, Catchen JM, Fuller RC. Male and female contributions to behavioral isolation in darters as a function of genetic distance and color distance. Evolution 2017; 71:2428-2444. [PMID: 28776645 PMCID: PMC5656840 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Determining which reproductive isolating barriers arise first between geographically isolated lineages is critical to understanding allopatric speciation. We examined behavioral isolation among four recently diverged allopatric species in the orangethroat darter clade (Etheostoma: Ceasia). We also examined behavioral isolation between each Ceasia species and the sympatric rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum. We asked (1) is behavioral isolation present between allopatric Ceasia species, and how does this compare to behavioral isolation with E. caeruleum, (2) does male color distance and/or genetic distance predict behavioral isolation between species, and (3) what are the relative contributions of female choice, male choice, and male competition to behavioral isolation? We found that behavioral isolation, genetic differentiation, and male color pattern differentiation were present between allopatric Ceasia species. Males, but not females, discerned between conspecific and heterospecific mates. Males also directed more aggression toward conspecific rival males. The high levels of behavioral isolation among Ceasia species showed no obvious pattern with genetic distance or male color distance. However, when the E. caeruleum was included in the analysis, an association between male aggression and male color distance was apparent. We discuss the possibility that reinforcement between Ceasia and E. caeruleum is driving behavioral isolation among allopatric Ceasia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Muchu Zhou
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Julian M Catchen
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
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Moran RL, von Ende CN, King BH. Seasonal colour and antipredator behaviour in Etheostoma (Percidae). J Fish Biol 2014; 84:1188-1194. [PMID: 24588710 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how colour varies across season and sex in the fantail darter Etheostoma flabellare and the banded darter Etheostoma zonale. Etheostoma flabellare has male-only parental care and exhibited slight sexual dimorphism in overall colour, with no discernible effect of season on colour; whereas E. zonale does not have parental care and exhibited substantial sexual dimorphism in colour, but only in the breeding season. Additionally, antipredator behaviour of E. zonale was compared between males that were fully coloured during the breeding season and males that were partially coloured at that time, but the effects of colour and season were not consistent across males.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Moran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, U.S.A
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18
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Abstract
Mate choice copying is a form of social learning that is defined as the increased likelihood of an individual choosing a particular mate after observing another individual choosing that mate. Mate choice copying has been demonstrated in a range of taxonomic groups, but not usually for both sexes. Mate choice copying experiments were performed here using two congeneric sympatric darters, Etheostoma flabellare and E. zonale. In E. flabellare, males guard a nest site under a rock and care for developing eggs. In E. zonale, eggs are attached to filamentous green algae and neither sex provides parental care. Our results provide the first evidence that mate choice copying occurs in darters. Previously it was hypothesised that copying might be more common in species and sexes that provide parental care, the reasoning being that the costs of choosing poorly may be higher. However, mate choice copying was found in both sexes of E. zonale (no parental care) and in male but not female E. flabellare (male only parental care). Thus, the only group that did not mate choice copy was the one whose mate would be providing care, and even E. flabellare females copy the mate choice of other females by some definitions. The relationship, if any, between which sex provides parental care and whether copying occurs remains unclear, and the number of species for which such data are available is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Moran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Carl N. von Ende
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Bethia H. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
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Moran RL. CDSPI and long-term disability insurance protection. J Can Dent Assoc 1998; 64:10, 12. [PMID: 9473872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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