Spiritual Coping: A Focus of New Nursing Diagnoses

Safeguarding adults: A concept analysis

AIMS

This article aimed to examine the concept of safeguarding adults and establish an operational definition for application to practice, research and policy.

DESIGN

Rodgers' evolutionary and inductive method of concept analysis was used.

DATA SOURCES

A systematic search was conducted across four electronic databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and PubMed, covering the period from January 2014 to May 2023. This systematic database search aimed to gather a broad spectrum of research and scholarly literature to inform and support the concept analysis. A total of 10 peer-reviewed articles were reviewed using a data chart to identify the context, definitions, antecedents, attributes and consequences of safeguarding adults.

RESULTS

The analysis of the included articles helped to develop a better understanding of safeguarding adults by offering a practical operational definition tailored to the specific needs of practising nurses. The implications for practice, research and policy are discussed, highlighting the potential for improving the quality of care and ensuring the well-being of adults at risk of abuse.

CONCLUSION

By employing Rogers' evolutionary concept analysis method, we developed a deeper insight into safeguarding adults in health care. A synthesis of literature revealed the intricate layers and adaptations within safeguarding practices. This concept analysis lays the groundwork for future research, policy development and educational initiatives, enhancing the well-being and safety of adults at risk of abuse within care.

IMPACT

By undertaking a concept analysis of the term safeguarding adults' nurses can be more prepared to engage in and reinforce the key principles of safeguarding adults, providing guidance to ensure the protection and well-being of adults at risk of abuse.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION

Not applicable.

WHAT THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTES TO THE WIDER BODY OF KNOWLEDGE

This concept analysis helps to define and clarify the conceptual term 'safeguarding adults' promoting a shared understanding of the key components of adult protection and providing a comprehensive framework for assessment and management of adults at risk of abuse in this field of practice.

Illuminating health aspects for immigrant Thai women in Swedish transnational marriages

BACKGROUND

Women who are migrants experience discrimination and face major risks, including sexual exploitation, trafficking, and violence, which affect their health and well-being. This study explored critical health incidents experienced by immigrant Thai women in marriage migration.

METHODS

A qualitative explorative approach with in-depth interviews was used. Forty immigrant Thai women who currently or previously had a Swedish spouse were recruited for the study. An inductive critical incident technique was used to collect and analyze the data as the first step. In a second deductive step, the Newman system model was used to categorize health dilemmas.

RESULTS

The women reported 438 critical health incidents in five main areas. Psychological health dilemmas included emotional abuse, feeling overwhelmed due to family responsibilities and the stress of leaving family behind. Sociocultural health dilemmas included transnational family duties or not performing family duties. Physiological health dilemmas included experiencing physical violence and environmental, domestic or work accidents. Developmental health dilemmas included failing health, difficulties upholding the duties expected of a spouse in the target culture and caring for an elderly husband. Spiritual health dilemmas included critical incidents in which the women perceived themselves to have failed in their hopes and duties as a wife, which intensified their dependence on faith, particularly the Buddhist concept of karma.

CONCLUSION

Professionals in health and welfare practices in Thailand together with professionals in Western countries who work with women in marriage migration situations need to recognize the psychological, sociocultural, physiological, developmental, and spiritual health dilemmas experienced by these women. Furthermore, civil organizations that meet Thai women in foreign countries, such as Buddhist cultural associations, would benefit from the multicultural knowledge revealed by the present study. This knowledge can facilitate healthcare and welfare support for women in marriage migration situations.

Instruments for Assessing Spiritual/Religious Coping in Multicultural Clinical Settings

ABSTRACT

A review of literature was conducted to discover and compare various instruments that could be used in daily nursing practice to assess spiritual and religious coping in a variety of multicultural clinical settings. Fifteen spiritual and religious (S/R) instruments were identified, used in 31 studies in multiple countries. These S/R coping tools may be useful to nurses in assessment and for planning interventions.

Exploring the Meaning in Life and the Influencing Factors among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Macau

Introduction

The meaning in life (ML) is a significant predictor of the physical and mental health of patients with chronic diseases, and its construct is culturally specific.As a group between normal people and the patients with advanced cancer, patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) who are undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are often outside of research focus on ML.

Objectives

This study was to investigate the status of ML of patients on HD in Macau of China and to analyze the influence of social-demographic characteristics and disease-related factors on their ML. The study findings would inform the development of evidence-based interventions in nursing care for this patient population.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional survey design. Eligible participants were recruited by convenient sampling from the largest HD center in Macau in January 2020. The participants’ social-demographic and disease-related characteristics were collected, and their ML status was assessed by the Meaning in Life Scale for Hemodialysis Patients (MLSHP). SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data.

Results

Questionnaires were distributed to 249 potential participants who were patients on HD, and 238 patients replied to the questionnaires effectively. The effective response rate was 95.58% (238/249). The average score of ML for the patients was 93.75 ± 10.00, which was 72% of the total score of 130 on the ML scale. Gender, religious belief, duration of dialysis treatment, and symptom-related distress had impacts on ML levels (p < .05), with religious belief being a particularly strong predictor (p < .001).

Conclusion

The level of ML for patients on HD in Macau is relatively high. Different demographic or disease-related factors impact participants’ ML, supporting or contradicting previous studies. While the study findings are meaningful under the local cultural contexts, they have implications for nurses in other places to develop evidence-based interventions for patients on HD.

[The effective post-stroke adaptation behavior model requires a family support system]

PURPOSE

This study aimed to explain the effective post-stroke adaptation behavior based on the Roy's adaptation model (RAM) through the patient experiences when undergoing the adaptation process after stroke.

METHODS

This study was qualitative used a phenomenological approach. The participants were patients undergoing post-stroke recovery at home with the following inclusion criteria: post-discharge from the hospital 2-3 months, and in stable medical condition. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. The data analysis was performed through content analysis. We used Lincoln and Guba's criteria to establish the trustworthiness of the study.

RESULTS

Three thematic categories structured the meaning of the stroke survivor's experience: (1) Problems after stroke; (2) Adaptive coping strategies and (3) Effective adaptation response.

CONCLUSION

A thematic analysis integrated with Roy's adaptation model generated an effective post-stroke adaptation model. We recommend the development of a family empowerment intervention framework to improve the adaptation behavior of stroke survivors.

Validation of the Brief RCOPE in Portuguese Family Caregivers of Adults with Health Conditions

Background: Coping is a multifactorial and individual process related to responding to stressful situations, such as being a caregiver of a relative with health conditions. Spiritual/religious coping is an important internal resource used by individuals enduring stressful situations. The 14-item Brief RCOPE is a widely used instrument but not available in European Portuguese. Objective: To translate, adapt and validate the 14-item Brief RCOPE in Portuguese caregivers of an adult relative with a health condition. Method: The methodological guideline provided by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat was used to examine the psychometric properties of the Brief RCOPE. Results: The linguistic and conceptual equivalence of the scale was determined. The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = 0.86). The Principal Axis Factor (PAF) analysis with varimax rotation identified two factors made up of 13 items, and one item was excluded from the scale. Conclusion: The European Portuguese version of the Brief RCOPE is a reliable and valid measure for assessing religious coping of family caregivers of adults with health conditions.

Influence of Mutual Support on Burnout among Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Professionals

Introduction

Burnout among healthcare professionals in intensive care units (ICUs) is a serious issue that leads to early retirement and medication errors. Their gender, lower years of experience, and lower education have been reported as risk factors. Simultaneously, mutual support—commonly referred to as “back-up behavior,” in which staff members support each other—is critical for team performance. However, little is known about the influence of mutual support among ICU healthcare professionals on burnout. The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality refers to mutual support as the involvement of team members in: assisting one another, providing and receiving feedback, and exerting assertive and advocacy behaviors when patient safety is threatened.

Objective

This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that lower mutual support among ICU healthcare professionals is associated with increased probability of burnout.

Methods

A web-based survey was conducted from March 4 to 20, 2021. All ICU healthcare professionals in Japan were included. An invitation was sent via the mailing list of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and asked to mail to local communities and social network services. We measured burnout severity using the Maslach Burnout-Human Services Survey and mutual support using the TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire, as well as occupational background. The cutoff value for burnout was predefined and conducted logistic regression.

Results

We received 335 responses, all of which were analyzed. The majority of respondents were nurses (58.5%), followed by physicians (18.5%) and clinical engineers (10.1%). The burnout group scored significantly lower on mutual support than the non-burnout group. After adjusting for covariates in a logistic regression, low mutual support was an independent factor predicting a high probability of burnout.

Conclusions

This study suggests that it is important to focus on mutual support among ICU healthcare professionals to reduce the frequency of burnout.

Religious practice in the pandemic of COVID-19 and the nursing diagnoses

PURPOSE

Identify the elements (defining characteristics, related factors, and risk factors) of the diagnoses of NANDA international impaired religiosity (00169), risk for impaired religiosity (00170), and readiness for enhanced religiosity (00171), in a period of social distancing in the pandemic of COVID-19, and associate them with the behavior of individual and collective religious practice, before and during the pandemic.

METHODS

Survey study, released via social media to members of religious communities in Brazil. Data collection took place in June 2020, by online questionnaire.

FINDINGS

Participants were 719 people, 563 (78.3%) were women, with a median age of 39 years (min 18-max 73), of Catholic religion (64.7%), with a median of 29 years of religious practice (min 0-max 70). The participants were from Southeast 652 (90.68%), South 49 (6.82%), Northeast 13 (1.82%), Midwest 4 (0.56%), and North 01 (0.14%) of Brazil. The increase of individual religious practice was associated with two diagnostic elements and the reduction of individual practice to nine elements. The reduction of collective religious practice was associated with seven diagnostic elements and the maintenance of the practice associated with five elements. The increase of collective religious practice was associated with five diagnostic elements.

CONCLUSIONS

In individuals who presented during the pandemic reduction of individual religious practice, reduction of collective religious practice, and maintenance of collective religious practice, the elements of the diagnosis impaired religiosity were predominant. In individuals who presented increased practice of collective religious activity during the pandemic, the elements of the diagnosis readiness for enhanced religiosity were predominant.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

This study highlights defining characteristics, risk factors, and related factors of the religiosity diagnoses presented due to social distancing in the pandemic; these should be screened during nursing consultations in primary health care.

The effective post-stroke adaptation behavior model requires a family support system

PURPOSE

This study aimed to explain the effective post-stroke adaptation behavior based on the Roy's adaptation model (RAM) through the patient experiences when undergoing the adaptation process after stroke.

METHODS

This study was qualitative used a phenomenological approach. The participants were patients undergoing post-stroke recovery at home with the following inclusion criteria: post-discharge from the hospital 2-3 months, and in stable medical condition. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. The data analysis was performed through content analysis. We used Lincoln and Guba's criteria to establish the trustworthiness of the study.

RESULTS

Three thematic categories structured the meaning of the stroke survivor's experience: (1) Problems after stroke; (2) Adaptive coping strategies and (3) Effective adaptation response.

CONCLUSION

A thematic analysis integrated with Roy's adaptation model generated an effective post-stroke adaptation model. We recommend the development of a family empowerment intervention framework to improve the adaptation behavior of stroke survivors.

A Philosophical Analysis of Spiritual Coping

Utilizing Whall and associates' philosophical analysis method, the concept of spiritual coping was critically evaluated to determine the relevance of this concept to nursing science. Studies were included in the literature review if participants were 55 years and older, as this cohort has reported using more spiritual coping strategies than younger cohorts. Twenty-four articles were reviewed and revealed 3 recurrent themes: enhanced physical, psychological, and social well-being, resilience, and self-transcendence. Support for the relevance of spiritual coping to nursing science was found, as these themes were easily placed within the context of 3 postmodern philosophical approaches and multiple extant nursing theories.

Spiritual aspects of the family caregivers' experiences when caring for a community-dwelling adult with severe mental illness: a qualitative systematic review protocol

REVIEW QUESTION

What are the spiritual aspects of family caregivers' experiences when caring for a community-dwelling adult with severe mental illness?