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Pillon M, Doublet P. Myosins, an Underestimated Player in the Infectious Cycle of Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020615. [PMID: 33435466 PMCID: PMC7826972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins play a key role in many cellular processes such as cell migration, adhesion, intracellular trafficking and internalization processes, making them ideal targets for bacteria. Through selected examples, such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Neisseria, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria or Chlamydia, this review aims to illustrate how bacteria target and hijack host cell myosins in order to adhere to the cell, to enter the cell by triggering their internalization, to evade from the cytosolic autonomous cell defense, to promote the biogenesis of intracellular replicative niche, to disseminate in tissues by cell-to-cell spreading, to exit out the host cell, and also to evade from macrophage phagocytosis. It highlights the diversity and sophistication of the strategy evolved by bacteria to manipulate one of their privileged targets, the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Pillon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Legionella Pathogenesis Group, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Doublet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Legionella Pathogenesis Group, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69007 Lyon, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, 69007 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
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Wiggan O, DeLuca JG, Stasevich TJ, Bamburg JR. Lamin A/C deficiency enables increased myosin-II bipolar filament ensembles that promote divergent actomyosin network anomalies through self-organization. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2363-2378. [PMID: 32816614 PMCID: PMC7851964 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0017-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelope proteins influence cell cytoarchitecure by poorly understood mechanisms. Here we show that small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of lamin A/C (LMNA) promotes contrasting stress fiber assembly and disassembly in individual cells and within cell populations. We show that LMNA-deficient cells have elevated myosin-II bipolar filament accumulations, irregular formation of actin comet tails and podosome-like adhesions, increased steady state nuclear localization of the mechanosensitive transcription factors MKL1 and YAP, and induced expression of some MKL1/serum response factor-regulated genes such as that encoding myosin-IIA (MYH9). Our studies utilizing live cell imaging and pharmacological inhibition of myosin-II support a mechanism of deregulated myosin-II self-organizing activity at the nexus of divergent actin cytoskeletal aberrations resulting from LMNA loss. In light of our results, we propose a model of how the nucleus, via linkage to the cytoplasmic actomyosin network, may act to control myosin-II contractile behavior through both mechanical and transcriptional feedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'Neil Wiggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Jennifer G DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Timothy J Stasevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.,World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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Roman BI, Guedes RC, Stevens CV, García-Sosa AT. Recovering Actives in Multi-Antitarget and Target Design of Analogs of the Myosin II Inhibitor Blebbistatin. Front Chem 2018; 6:179. [PMID: 29881723 PMCID: PMC5976736 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In multitarget drug design, it is critical to identify active and inactive compounds against a variety of targets and antitargets. Multitarget strategies thus test the limits of available technology, be that in screening large databases of compounds vs. a large number of targets, or in using in silico methods for understanding and reliably predicting these pharmacological outcomes. In this paper, we have evaluated the potential of several in silico approaches to predict the target, antitarget and physicochemical profile of (S)-blebbistatin, the best-known myosin II ATPase inhibitor, and a series of analogs thereof. Standard and augmented structure-based design techniques could not recover the observed activity profiles. A ligand-based method using molecular fingerprints was, however, able to select actives for myosin II inhibition. Using further ligand- and structure-based methods, we also evaluated toxicity through androgen receptor binding, affinity for an array of antitargets and the ADME profile (including assay-interfering compounds) of the series. In conclusion, in the search for (S)-blebbistatin analogs, the dissimilarity distance of molecular fingerprints to known actives and the computed antitarget and physicochemical profile of the molecules can be used for compound design for molecules with potential as tools for modulating myosin II and motility-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart I Roman
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rita C Guedes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Research Group SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfonso T García-Sosa
- Department of Molecular Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
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Lamason RL, Welch MD. Actin-based motility and cell-to-cell spread of bacterial pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 35:48-57. [PMID: 27997855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Subversion of the host actin cytoskeleton is a critical virulence mechanism used by a variety of intracellular bacterial pathogens during their infectious life cycles. These pathogens manipulate host actin to promote actin-based motility and coordinate motility with cell-to-cell spread. Growing evidence suggests that the tactics employed by pathogens are surprisingly diverse. Here, we review recent advances suggesting that bacterial surface proteins exhibit divergent biochemical mechanisms of actin polymerization and recruit distinct host protein networks to drive motility, and that bacteria deploy secreted effector proteins that alter host cell mechanotransduction pathways to enable spread. Further investigation into the divergent strategies used by bacterial pathogens to mobilize actin will reveal new insights into pathogenesis and cytoskeleton regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Lamason
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Agaisse H. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Shigella flexneri Dissemination. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:29. [PMID: 27014639 PMCID: PMC4786538 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathogen Shigella flexneri is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery in humans. The disease is characterized by bacterial invasion of intestinal cells, dissemination within the colonic epithelium through direct spread from cell to cell, and massive inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Here, we review the mechanisms supporting S. flexneri dissemination. The dissemination process primarily relies on actin assembly at the bacterial pole, which propels the pathogen throughout the cytosol of primary infected cells. Polar actin assembly is supported by polar expression of the bacterial autotransporter family member IcsA, which recruits the N-WASP/ARP2/3 actin assembly machinery. As motile bacteria encounter cell-cell contacts, they form plasma membrane protrusions that project into adjacent cells. In addition to the ARP2/3-dependent actin assembly machinery, protrusion formation relies on formins and myosins. The resolution of protrusions into vacuoles occurs through the collapse of the protrusion neck, leading to the formation of an intermediate membrane-bound compartment termed vacuole-like protrusions (VLPs). VLP formation requires tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide signaling in protrusions, which relies on the integrity of the bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS). The T3SS is also required for escaping double membrane vacuoles through the activity of the T3SS translocases IpaB and IpaC, and the effector proteins VirA and IcsB. Numerous factors supporting envelope biogenesis contribute to IcsA exposure and maintenance at the bacterial pole, including LPS synthesis, membrane proteases, and periplasmic chaperones. Although less characterized, the assembly and function of the T3SS in the context of bacterial dissemination also relies on factors supporting envelope biogenesis. Finally, the dissemination process requires the adaptation of the pathogen to various cellular compartments through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Agaisse
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Bonnet M, Tran Van Nhieu G. How Shigella Utilizes Ca(2+) Jagged Edge Signals during Invasion of Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 26904514 PMCID: PMC4748038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery invades intestinal epithelial cells using a type III secretion system (T3SS). Through the injection of type III effectors, Shigella manipulates the actin cytoskeleton to induce its internalization in epithelial cells. At early invasion stages, Shigella induces atypical Ca(2+) responses confined at entry sites allowing local cytoskeletal remodeling for bacteria engulfment. Global Ca(2+) increase in the cell triggers the opening of connexin hemichannels at the plasma membrane that releases ATP in the extracellular milieu, favoring Shigella invasion and spreading through purinergic receptor signaling. During intracellular replication, Shigella regulates inflammatory and death pathways to disseminate within the epithelium. At later stages of infection, Shigella downregulates hemichannel opening and the release of extracellular ATP to dampen inflammatory signals. To avoid premature cell death, Shigella activates cell survival by upregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway and downregulating the levels of p53. Furthermore, Shigella interferes with pro-apoptotic caspases, and orients infected cells toward a slow necrotic cell death linked to mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload. In this review, we will focus on the role of Ca(2+) responses and their regulation by Shigella during the different stages of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Bonnet
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de FranceParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7241Paris, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science LettreParis, France
| | - Guy Tran Van Nhieu
- Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de FranceParis, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7241Paris, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science LettreParis, France
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Kuehl CJ, Dragoi AM, Talman A, Agaisse H. Bacterial spread from cell to cell: beyond actin-based motility. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:558-66. [PMID: 26021574 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several intracellular pathogens display the ability to propagate within host tissues by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. As motile bacteria reach cell-cell contacts they form plasma membrane protrusions that project into adjacent cells and resolve into vacuoles from which the pathogen escapes, thereby achieving spread from cell to cell. Seminal studies have defined the bacterial and cellular factors that support actin-based motility. By contrast, the mechanisms supporting the formation of protrusions and their resolution into vacuoles have remained elusive. Here, we review recent advances in the field showing that Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri have evolved pathogen-specific mechanisms of bacterial spread from cell to cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole J Kuehl
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Dragoi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Talman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hervé Agaisse
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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The class II phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase PIK3C2A promotes Shigella flexneri dissemination through formation of vacuole-like protrusions. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1695-704. [PMID: 25667265 DOI: 10.1128/iai.03138-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens such as Shigella flexneri and Listeria monocytogenes achieve dissemination in the intestinal epithelium by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. As they reach the cell periphery, motile bacteria form plasma membrane protrusions that resolve into vacuoles in adjacent cells, through a poorly understood mechanism. Here, we report on the role of the class II phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase PIK3C2A in S. flexneri dissemination. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that PIK3C2A was required for the resolution of protrusions into vacuoles through the formation of an intermediate membrane-bound compartment that we refer to as a vacuole-like protrusion (VLP). Genetic rescue of PIK3C2A depletion with RNA interference (RNAi)-resistant cDNA constructs demonstrated that VLP formation required the activity of PIK3C2A in primary infected cells. PIK3C2A expression was required for production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] at the plasma membrane surrounding protrusions. PtdIns(3)P production was not observed in the protrusions formed by L. monocytogenes, whose dissemination did not rely on PIK3C2A. PIK3C2A-mediated PtdIns(3)P production in S. flexneri protrusions was regulated by host cell tyrosine kinase signaling and relied on the integrity of the S. flexneri type 3 secretion system (T3SS). We suggest a model of S. flexneri dissemination in which the formation of VLPs is mediated by the PIK3C2A-dependent production of the signaling lipid PtdIns(3)P in the protrusion membrane, which relies on the T3SS-dependent activation of tyrosine kinase signaling in protrusions.
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