Age-mediated gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the loss of dendritic cells tolerance

Cognition and gut microbiota in schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders: A systematic review

FRILEUX, M., BOLTRI M. and al. Cognition and Gut microbiota in schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders: a Systematic Review. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV (1) 2024 Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and major mood disorders are associated with cognitive impairments. Recent studies suggest a link between gut microbiota composition and cognitive functioning. Here, we review the relationship between gut microbiota and cognition in these disorders. To do this, we conducted a systematic review, searching Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCOhost, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they investigated the relationship between gut microbiota composition and cognitive function through neuropsychological assessments in patients with bipolar, depressive, schizophrenia spectrum, and other psychotic disorders. Ten studies were identified. Findings underscore a link between gut dysbiosis and cognitive impairment. This relationship identified specific taxa (Haemophilus, Bacteroides, and Alistipes) as potential contributors to bolstered cognitive performance. Conversely, Candida albicans, Toxoplasma gondii, Streptococcus and Deinococcus were associated with diminished performance on cognitive assessments. Prebiotics and probiotics interventions were associated with cognitive enhancements, particularly executive functions. These results emphasize the role of gut microbiota in cognition, prompting further exploration of the underlying mechanisms paving the way toward precision psychiatry.

The potential pathogenic role of gut microbiota in rheumatic diseases: a human-centred narrative review

A growing amount of evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays an important role in human health, including a possible role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD). We analysed the current evidence about the role of microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). In RA, we found a general consensus regarding a reduction of diversity and a specific bacterial signature, with consistent changes according to the different ethnic and geographical areas. The major pathogenetic role in RA is recognised for P. copri, L. salivarius and Collinsella, even if findings become more heterogeneous when considering established disease. In SpA, we found a relative gut abundance of Akkermansia, Coprococcus, Ruminoccocus and a relative reduction in Bacterioides and Firmicutes spp. Human and preclinical data suggest loss of mucosal barrier, increased permeability and Th1- and Th17-mediated inflammation. Additionally, HLA-B27 seems to play a role in shaping the intestinal microbiota and the consequent inflammation. In SLE, the typical gut microbiota signature was characterised by a reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and by enrichment of Rhodococcus, Eggerthella, Klebsiella, Prevotella, Eubacterium and Flavonifractor, even if their real pathogenic impact remains unclear. In SSc, gastrointestinal dysbiosis is well documented with an increase of pro-inflammatory species (Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Akkermansia, γ-Proteobacteria, Erwinia, Trabsulsiella, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria) and a reduction of species as Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes and Rikenella. In conclusion, seems possible to recognise a distinct gut microbiota profile for each RMD, even if significant differences in bacterial species do exist between different studies and there is a high risk of bias due to the cross-sectional nature of such studies. Therefore longitudinal studies are needed, especially on patients with preclinical and early disease, to investigate the real role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of RMD.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors for septic shock in patients with pyometra: A retrospective multicenter cohort study

BACKGROUND

Pyometra is a disease characterized by the collection of pus in the uterus. The clinical characteristics and etiology of pyometra have not been sufficiently described. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, outcomes, and risk factors of septic shock in patients with pyometra.

METHODS

Patients with pyometra admitted to one of four university-affiliated hospitals between January 2010 to August 2022 were enrolled. Pyometra cases associated with peripartum infection and surgical site infection were excluded. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pyometra were described, and pyometra patients with or without septic shock were compared.

RESULTS

A total of 192 patients was included. Twenty-eight-day all-cause mortality was 5.0%, and the 1-year recurrence rate was 6.3%. Median patient age was 77.5 years. The two most common symptoms were abdominal pain (49.0%) and vaginal discharge (47.9%). Escherichia coli (40.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7%), and Streptococcus spp.(16.0%) were the pathogens most frequently isolated by conventional culture; those isolated from polymerase chain reaction were Mycoplasma hominis (48.0%), and Ureaplasma spp. (32.0%). In multivariable analysis, fever, uterine perforation, and dementia were associated with increased incidence of septic shock, while vaginal discharge was associated with a lower incidence of septic shock.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that pyometra is a unique gynecological infectious syndrome in post-menopausal individuals. The most common associated pathogens are similar to those involved in urinary tract infections rather than those of sexually transmitted diseases. Decreased cognitive function could delay early diagnosis of pyometra and lead to septic shock and higher mortality.

The impact of aging-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis on dendritic cells and lung diseases

Aging is an inevitable natural process that impacts every individual, and understanding its effect on the gut microbiome and dendritic cell (DC) functionality in elderly subjects is crucial. DCs are vital antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that orchestrate the immune response, maintaining immune tolerance to self-antigens and bridging innate and adaptive immunity. With aging, there is a shift toward nonspecific innate immunity, resulting in a decline in adaptive immune responses. This alteration raises significant concerns about managing the health of an elderly population. However, the precise impact of aging and microbiome changes on DC function and their implications in lung-associated diseases remain relatively understudied. To illuminate this subject, we will discuss recent advancements in understanding the connections between aging, gut dysbiosis, DCs, and lung diseases. Emphasizing the key concepts linking age-related gut microbiome changes and DC functions, we will focus on their relevance to overall health and immune response in elderly individuals. This article aims to improve our understanding of the intricate relationship between aging, gut microbiome, and DCs, potentially benefiting the management of age-associated diseases and promoting healthy aging.

A global assessment of incidence trends of autoimmune diseases from 1990 to 2019 and predicted changes to 2040

AIM

To analyze the global incidence trends for four autoimmune diseases (ADs) including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis from 1990 to 2019, and further predict their changes to 2040 at global, regional, and national levels.

METHODS

The estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for case number and agestandardized incidence rate (ASIR) of RA, IBD, MS and psoriasis were derived from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was utilized to quantify the global incidence trends for RA, IBD, MS and psoriasis from 1990 to 2019. Furthermore, a log-linear age-period-cohort model was adopted to predict the new case number and incidence rates for these four ADs through 2040.

RESULTS

From 1990 to 2019, the global ASIR rose significantly for RA (EAPC = 0.30%, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.34) whereas declined significantly for IBD (EAPC = -0.60%, 95% CI: -0.72 to - 0.48), MS (EAPC = -0.19%, 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.13) and psoriasis (EAPC = -0.77%, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.76). From 2020 to 2040, the global ASIR of RA, IBD, and psoriasis was predicted to decrease whereas the global ASIR of MS was predicted to increase, with continuous increasing case number of all these diseases. Furthermore, the predicted incidence trends of these four ADs varied significantly across 195 countries and territories, with a prominent higher burden in high-income North America and Western Europe.

CONCLUSIONS

There are strong heterogeneities in the global incidence trends (1990-2019) and predicted changes (2020-2040) of ADs across the world, highlighting prominent challenges in the control of ADs, including both growing case number and distributive disparities of these diseases worldwide, which may be instructive for better public health policy establishment and healthcare resource allocation.