Senolytic treatment reduces oxidative protein stress in an aging male murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis

Senescence in the bone marrow microenvironment: A driver in development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) are a growing concern due to the continued use of cytotoxic therapies to treat malignancies. Cytotoxic therapies have been shown to drive therapy-induced senescence in normal tissues, including in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), which plays a crucial role in supporting normal hematopoiesis. This review examines recent work that focuses on the contribution of BMME senescence to t-MN pathogenesis, as well as offers a perspective on potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

Immunoengineering Biomaterials for Musculoskeletal Tissue Repair across Lifespan

Musculoskeletal diseases and injuries are among the leading causes of pain and morbidity worldwide. Broad efforts have focused on developing pro-regenerative biomaterials to treat musculoskeletal conditions; however, these approaches have yet to make a significant clinical impact. Recent studies have demonstrated that the immune system is central in orchestrating tissue repair and that targeting pro-regenerative immune responses can improve biomaterial therapeutic outcomes. However, aging is a critical factor negatively affecting musculoskeletal tissue repair and immune function. Hence, understanding how age affects the response to biomaterials is essential for improving musculoskeletal biomaterial therapies. This review focuses on the intersection of the immune system and aging in response to biomaterials for musculoskeletal tissue repair. The article introduces the general impacts of aging on tissue physiology, the immune system, and the response to biomaterials. Then, it explains how the adaptive immune system guides the response to injury and biomaterial implants in cartilage, muscle, and bone and discusses how aging impacts these processes in each tissue type. The review concludes by highlighting future directions for the development and translation of personalized immunomodulatory biomaterials for musculoskeletal tissue repair.

The impact of ageing mechanisms on musculoskeletal system diseases in the elderly

Ageing is an inevitable process that affects various tissues and organs of the human body, leading to a series of physiological and pathological changes. Mechanisms such as telomere depletion, stem cell depletion, macrophage dysfunction, and cellular senescence gradually manifest in the body, significantly increasing the incidence of diseases in elderly individuals. These mechanisms interact with each other, profoundly impacting the quality of life of older adults. As the ageing population continues to grow, the burden on the public health system is expected to intensify. Globally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal system diseases in elderly individuals is increasing, resulting in reduced limb mobility and prolonged suffering. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of ageing and their interplay while exploring their impact on diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. By delving into the mechanisms of ageing, further research can be conducted to prevent and mitigate its effects, with the ultimate goal of alleviating the suffering of elderly patients in the future.

Senolytic therapeutics: An emerging treatment modality for osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease affecting millions of people aged over 65 years, is the main musculoskeletal cause of diminished joint mobility in the elderly. It is characterized by lingering pain and increasing deterioration of articular cartilage. Aging and accumulation of senescent cells (SCs) in the joints are frequently associated with OA. Apoptosis resistance; irreversible cell cycle arrest; increased p16INK4a expression, secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, senescence-associated β-galactosidase levels, secretion of extracellular vesicles, and levels of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; and mitochondrial dysregulation are some common changes in cellular senescence in joint tissues. Development of OA correlates with an increase in the density of SCs in joint tissues. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype has been linked to OA and cartilage breakdown. Senolytics and therapeutic pharmaceuticals are being focused upon for OA management. SCs can be selectively eliminated or killed by senolytics to halt the pathogenesis and progression of OA. Comprehensive understanding of how aging affects joint dysfunction will benefit OA patients. Here, we discuss age-related mechanisms associated with OA pathogenesis and senolytics as an emerging modality in the management of age-related SCs and pathogenesis of OA in preclinical and clinical studies.

Senolytics: from pharmacological inhibitors to immunotherapies, a promising future for patients' treatment

The involvement of cellular senescence in the initiation and propagation of diseases is clearly characterized, making the elimination of senescent cells essential to treat age-related diseases. The development of senolytic drugs demonstrated that targeting these cells limits the deterioration of patients' condition, by inducing apoptosis. Nevertheless, the first generations of senolytics which has been developed displayed their activities through specific mechanisms and demonstrated several limitations during clinical development. However, the rational to eliminate senescent cells remains evident, with the necessity to develop specific therapies in a context of diseases and tissues. The evolutions in the field of drug discovery open the way to a new generation of senolytic therapies, such as immunological approaches (CAR-T cells, Antibody-Drug Conjugated or vaccines), which require preliminary steps of research to identify markers specifically expressed on senescent cells, demonstrating promising specific effects. Currently, the preclinical development of these strategies appears more challenging to avoid strong side effects, but the expected results are commensurate with patients' hopes for treatments. In this review, we highlight the fact that the classical senolytic approach based on drug repurposing display limited efficacy and probably reached its limits in term of clinical development. The recent development of more complex therapies and the extension of interest in the domain of senescence in different fields of research allow to extend the possibility to discover powerful therapies. The future of age-related diseases treatment is linked to the development of new approaches based on cell therapy or immunotherapy to offer the best treatment for patients.