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King AC, Vena A, Howe MM, Feather A, Cao D. Haven't lost the positive feeling: a dose-response, oral alcohol challenge study in drinkers with alcohol use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1892-1900. [PMID: 35701549 PMCID: PMC9485138 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Models of addiction are based on neurobiological, behavioral, and pharmacological studies in animals, but translational support from human studies is limited. Studies are lacking in examining acute responses to alcohol in drinkers with alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly in terms of relevant intoxicating doses and measurement of stimulating and rewarding effects throughout the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) time curve. Participants were N = 60 AUD drinkers enrolled in the Chicago Social Drinking Project and examined in three random-order and blinded sessions for subjective and physiological responses to a beverage containing 0.0 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg, and 1.2 g/kg alcohol. BrAC in the alcohol sessions at 60 min was 0.09 g/dL and 0.13 g/dL, respectively. Both doses of alcohol produced significant biphasic effects on subjective measures of stimulation, euphoria, reward (liking and wanting), sedation, and neuroendocrine and cardiovascular factors. Increased pleasurable effects of alcohol were pronounced during the rising limb-to-peak BrAC and sedating effects emerged during the declining limb. Alcohol dose-dependently increased feel drug ratings and rewarding effects at peak BrAC or early declining limb, and physiological responses at the rising limb. Thus, rather than the notion of an overall tolerance, results show an alcohol response phenotype characterized by sensitivity to alcohol's stimulating, rewarding and physiological effects. The results of this study may aid in the conceptualization of alcohol addiction as a disorder characterized by the persistence of enhanced hedonic alcohol responses rather than chronic tolerance and reward deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C King
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago 5841 S, Maryland Avenue (MC-3077), Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Ashley Vena
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago 5841 S, Maryland Avenue (MC-3077), Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Meghan M Howe
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago 5841 S, Maryland Avenue (MC-3077), Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Abigayle Feather
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago 5841 S, Maryland Avenue (MC-3077), Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dingcai Cao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago 5841 S, Maryland Avenue (MC-3077), Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Greaves L, Poole N, Brabete AC. Sex, Gender, and Alcohol Use: Implications for Women and Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084523. [PMID: 35457389 PMCID: PMC9028341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is coming under increasing scrutiny with respect to its health impacts on the body. In this vein, several high-income countries have issued low-risk drinking guidelines in the past decade, aiming to educate the public on safer levels of alcohol use. Research on the sex-specific health effects of alcohol has indicated higher damage with lower amounts of alcohol for females as well as overall sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of alcohol in male and female bodies. Research on gender-related factors, while culturally dependent, indicates increased susceptibility to sexual assault and intimate partner violence as well as more negative gender norms and stereotypes about alcohol use for women. Sex- and gender-specific guidelines have been issued in some countries, suggesting lower amounts of alcohol consumption for women than men; however, in other countries, sex- and gender-blind advice has been issued. This article reports on a synthesis of the evidence on both sex- and gender-related factors affecting safer levels of drinking alcohol with an emphasis on women’s use. We conclude that supporting and expanding the development of sex- and gender-specific low-risk drinking guidelines offers more nuanced and educative information to clinicians and consumers and will particularly benefit women and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Greaves
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Nancy Poole
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
| | - Andreea C. Brabete
- Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada;
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (A.C.B.)
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Influence of Heart Rate Variability on Abstinence-Related Changes in Brain State in Everyday Drinkers. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060817. [PMID: 34203005 PMCID: PMC8235786 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is now common practice worldwide, and functional brain networks are beginning to reveal the complex interactions observed with alcohol consumption and abstinence. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a well-documented relationship with alcohol use, and a growing body of research is finding links between the ANS and functional brain networks. This study recruited everyday drinkers in an effort to uncover the relationship between alcohol abstinence, ANS function, and whole brain functional brain networks. Participants (n = 29), 24-60 years-of-age, consumed moderate levels of alcohol regularly (males 2.4 (±0.26) drinks/day, females 2.3 (±0.96) drinks/day). ANS function, specifically cardiac vagal tone, was assessed using the Porges-Bohrer method for calculating respiratory sinus arrhythmia (PBRSA). Functional brain networks were generated from resting-state MRI scans obtained following 3-day periods of typical consumption and abstinence. A multi-task mixed-effects regression model determined the influences of HRV and drinking state on functional network connectivity. Results showed differences in the relationship between the strength of network connections and clustering coefficients across drinking states, moderated by PBRSA. Increases in connection strength between highly clustered nodes during abstinence as PBRSA increases demonstrates a greater possible range of topological configurations at high PBRSA values. This novel finding begins to shed light on the complex interactions between typical alcohol abstinence and physiological responses of the central and autonomic nervous system.
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Vatsalya V, Stangl BL, Ramchandani VA. Assessment of Skin Blood Flow Following Acute Intravenous Alcohol, and Association with Subjective Perceptions, in Social Drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:405-410. [PMID: 30735255 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the effect of acute intravenous (IV) alcohol infusion on skin blood flow (SBF) response, measured at fingertip and earlobe, and subjective responses associated with SBF in social drinkers. METHODS Twenty-four social drinkers underwent a computer-assisted alcohol self-infusion study. SBF was measured continuously using laser Doppler flow meter, with the probe placed on the fingertip or earlobe. Perfusion recordings were collected at baseline, and at 0-minute (0 to 5 minutes), 10-minute (10 to 15 minutes), and 20-minute (20 to 25 minutes) time points during the priming phase of IV alcohol self-administration paradigm at low breath alcohol levels of approximately 30 mg%. Subjective response was measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) and Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale. RESULTS Overall SBF (collective data from both fingertip and earlobe) and SBF by each site showed significant drop at 0 minutes and then subsequent significant elevation with alcohol self-administration. Males showed higher overall SBF at baseline and 0 minutes than the females. At fingertip site, lowering in 0-minute SBF compared to baseline, and subsequent significant increase at the 10- and 20-minute SBF recordings were observed. DEQ measures of "like" and "want more" alcohol were significantly associated with 10- and 20-minute SBF recordings collected at fingertip site. CONCLUSIONS The changes in SBF following acute IV alcohol exposure are consistent with the sympathetic response of alcohol on the cardiovascular system. This acute hemodynamic effect characterizes differences in blood flow that are sensitive to relatively low levels of acute alcohol exposure. The association of subjective perceptions with the SBF response provides evidence of the psychophysiological effects of alcohol at low levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bethany L Stangl
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
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Vatsalya V, Stangl BL, Schmidt VY, Ramchandani VA. Characterization of hangover following intravenous alcohol exposure in social drinkers: methodological and clinical implications. Addict Biol 2018; 23:493-502. [PMID: 27860050 PMCID: PMC5426994 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hangover refers to the cluster of physiological and behavioral symptoms that occur following the end of a drinking episode. While hangover has been studied after the typical oral consumption of alcohol, the occurrence of hangover following intravenous (IV) alcohol administration in human laboratory studies has not been previously reported. This study characterizes hangover symptoms and post-infusion drinking behavior following acute IV alcohol administration in social drinkers. Twenty-one to thirty-year-old healthy social drinkers (n = 24) underwent an alcohol clamp session at breath alcohol concentration of 0.06 percent. Hangover symptoms as well as any post-infusion drinking that occurred between the end of the session and the following morning were assessed using the Acute Hangover Scale, and examined for influences of recent drinking history, family history of alcoholism and Sex. Results indicated a 79 percent prevalence of hangover symptoms, with the most common symptoms being 'tired', 'thirsty' and 'headache'. Recent drinking measures showed significant effects on Average Hangover Scale scores, with heavier drinkers showing greater hangover symptoms. There was a significant sex difference in average hangover scores, with females reporting higher scores than males. Subjective measures of stimulation and intoxication were also associated with Average Hangover Scale scores. The probability of post-infusion drinking was not predicted by hangover scores, but was related to recent drinking history; subjective response to alcohol was a significant mediator of this relationship. These findings demonstrate that hangover symptoms are experienced following IV alcohol administration, and extend previous studies of influences of risk factors for alcohol use disorders including recent drinking on hangover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
| | - Bethany L Stangl
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
| | - Veronica Y Schmidt
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
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Barham WY, Sauer WH, Fleeman B, Brunnquell M, Tzou W, Aleong R, Schuller J, Zipse M, Tompkins C, Nguyen DT. Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Atrial Fibrillation Outcomes Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation. J Atr Fibrillation 2017; 9:1505. [PMID: 29250261 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Moderate to heavy alcohol use has been shown to be associated with increased atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence. However, the relationship between alcohol use and AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is not well known. Objective We sought to study the impact of different alcohol consumption levels on outcomes after AF ablation. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of 226 consecutive patients undergoing first time PVI for AF. Clinical data were collected including alcohol intake classified into 3 groups: none-rare (< 1 drink/ week), moderate (1-7 drinks/ week), and heavy (> 7 drinks/ week). Patients were followed for recurrences within the first 3 months (blanking period; early recurrence) and after 3 months up to 1 year (late recurrence) after the ablation. Results Paroxysmal and persistent AF had early recurrence rates of 29.1% and 32.2%, and late recurrence rates of 30.2% and 44.1%, respectively. The none-rare alcohol group had a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus (p=0.007). Neither moderate or heavy alcohol consumption, in reference to the none-rare group, was significantly predictive of early or late AF recurrence on adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis (p>0.05). Conclusion Despite known associations between alcohol and incidence of AF, alcohol consumption is not associated with early or late AF recurrence after PVI in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Y Barham
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - William H Sauer
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Blake Fleeman
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael Brunnquell
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wendy Tzou
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ryan Aleong
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joseph Schuller
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew Zipse
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christine Tompkins
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Duy T Nguyen
- University of Colorado, Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Aurora, Colorado
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Hu TM, Wu MS, Wu WT, Yang FL, Lee RP. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase sympathetic activity under heavy alcohol exposure in rat models. Life Sci 2016; 147:92-6. [PMID: 26800785 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Self-medication with alcohol while being treated with antidepressants is a common problem in patients with depression. Both alcohol consumption and antidepressant administration can induce changes in the cardiac autonomic responses as indicated by heart rate variability (HRV). In this study, we examined cardiac autonomic responses induced by acute heavy alcohol exposure after SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) medications. MAIN METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the alcohol administrated (Alc group), paroxetine administrated (SSRI group), and the SSRI+Alc group. Serum samples were collected to measure blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Physiological and cardiac autonomic responses including mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and HRV were also compared among groups. KEY FINDINGS The SSRI group exhibited higher values of HRV and HF (high frequency) than did the Alc and SSRI+Alc groups after alcohol administration. In contrast to the Alc group, the SSRI+Alc group had significantly lower MAP than Alc group, and higher HR, standard deviation of NN-intervals (SDNN), SDNN to MRR ratio (CVNN), square root of the mean squared differences of the successive NN-intervals (RMSSD) and HF values after alcohol administration. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that SSRIs increased sympathetic activity and alcohol reduced it in rats. The present study represents an attractive area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Center, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shien Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Center, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tien Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Fwu-Lin Yang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Intensive Care Unit, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ru-Ping Lee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Vatsalya V, Liaquat¹ HB, Ghosh K, Mokshagundam SP, McClain CJ. A Review on the Sex Differences in Organ and System Pathology with Alcohol Drinking. CURRENT DRUG ABUSE REVIEWS 2016; 9:87-92. [PMID: 28124600 PMCID: PMC5894513 DOI: 10.2174/1874473710666170125151410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous consequences of alcohol consumption adversely influence overall health, specifically physical and mental health. Differences in alcohol consumption and manifestations in pathology have been observed between males and females, however research on understanding these differences is limited. Negative consequences of alcohol consumption have now been studied including sex as a significant factor. Some studies have shown differences in the severity of consequences of alcohol consumption between the sexes, both in the mental consequences and changes/ injury in various organ systems. Over time, reports in females on both the dynamics of drinking and on the hazardous consequences of alcohol consumption have grown, primarily because of more awareness, better observation, and the inclusion of sex as a factor in scientific investigations. This paper reviews role of sex differences in pathophysiological and behavioral consequences of alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Kuldeep Ghosh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sri Prakash Mokshagundam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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