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Nas J, Thannhauser J, Vart P, van Geuns R, Muijsers H, Mol J, Aarts G, Konijnenberg L, Gommans D, Ahoud-Schoenmakers S, Vos JL, van Royen N, Bonnes JL, Brouwer MA. The impact of alcohol use on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among festival attendees: A prespecified analysis of a randomised trial. Resuscitation 2022; 181:12-19. [PMID: 36228807 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrests often occur in public places, but despite the undisputed impact of bystander CPR, it is debated whether one should act as a rescuer after alcohol consumption due to the perceived adverse effects. We provide the first objective data on the impact of alcohol levels on CPR-skills. METHODS Pre-specified analysis of a randomised study at the Lowlands music festival (August 2019, the Netherlands) on virtual reality vs face-to-face CPR-training. Participants with an alcohol level ≥ 0.5‰ (WHO-endorsed cut-off for traffic participation) were eligible provided they successfully completed a tandem gait test. We studied alcohol levels (AL, ‰) in relation to CPR-quality (compression depth and rate) and CPR-scenario performance. RESULTS Median age of the 352 participants was 26 (22-31) years, 56% were female, with n = 214 in Group 1 (AL = 0‰), n = 85 in Group 2 (AL = 0-0.5‰) and n = 53 in Group 3 (AL ≥ 0.5‰). There were no significant differences in CPR-quality (depth: 57 [49-59] vs 57 [51-60] vs 55 mm [47-59], p = 0.16; rate: 115 [104-121] vs 114 [106-122] vs 111 min-1 [95-120], p = 0.19). There were no significant correlations between alcohol level and compression depth (Spearman's rho -0.113, p = 0.19) or rate (Spearman's rho -0.073, p = 0.39). CPR-scenario performance scores (maximum 13) were not different between groups (12 (9-13) vs 12 (9-13) vs 11 (9-13), p = 0.80). CONCLUSION In this study on festival attendees, we found no association between alcohol levels and CPR-quality or scenario performance shortly after training. TRIAL REGISTRATION Lowlands Saves Lives is registered on https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (NCT04013633).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nas
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - J Thannhauser
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P Vart
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rjm van Geuns
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hec Muijsers
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jhq Mol
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gwa Aarts
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lsf Konijnenberg
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dhf Gommans
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - J L Vos
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J L Bonnes
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M A Brouwer
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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2
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Dekker MR, Jongenelis MI, Hasking P, Kypri K, Chikritzhs T, Pettigrew S. Factors Associated with Engagement in Protective Behavioral Strategies among Adult Drinkers. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:878-885. [PMID: 31913057 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1708944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBSs) have been proposed as useful individual-level approaches to reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm. However, recent research suggests that few of the recommended PBSs may be effective in reducing longer-term alcohol consumption, with some appearing to result in increased intake over time. Objectives: To identify factors associated with enactment of specific PBSs to inform alcohol control efforts that aim to encourage the use of effective strategies and attenuate the effects of strategies found to be associated with increased consumption. Methods: Australian adult drinkers (n = 2,003; 50% male) completed an online survey assessing their alcohol consumption, frequency of attending drinking venues, enactment of specific PBSs, and demographic characteristics. Results: Greater enactment of the PBS that has previously been found to be associated with reduced alcohol use ('Count your drinks') was found among older respondents and those with lower levels of alcohol consumption. Older respondents were also more likely to enact two of the three PBSs that have been found to be associated with increased alcohol consumption ('Use a designated driver' and 'Leave drinking venues at a pre-determined time'). Conclusions/Importance: Results suggest that enactment of specific PBSs may differ according to the individual-level variables of gender, age, and preferred beverage type, and the environmental-level variable of attendance at licensed premises. Randomized trials investigating the effectiveness of PBS interventions among drinker subgroups are needed to determine the extent to which enactment reduces alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm and whether effects are moderated by the variables assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Dekker
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Michelle I Jongenelis
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, Australia
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3
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Exploring the association between problem drinking and language use on Facebook in young adults. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02523. [PMID: 31667380 PMCID: PMC6812202 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that variations in both formal and content aspects of texts shared on social media tend to reflect user-level differences in demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics. In the present study, we examined associations between language use on Facebook and problematic alcohol use. We collected texts shared on Facebook by a sample of 296 adult social media users (66.9% females; mean age = 28.44 years (SD = 7.38)). Texts were mined using the closed-vocabulary approach based on the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) semantic dictionary, and an open-vocabulary approach performed via Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Then, we examined associations between emerging textual features and alcohol-drinking scores as assessed using the AUDIT-C questionnaire. As a final aim, we employed the Random Forest machine-learning algorithm to determine and compare the predictive accuracy of closed- and open-vocabulary features over users' AUDIT-C scores. We found use of words about family, school, and positive feelings and emotions to be negatively associated with alcohol use and problematic drinking, while words suggesting interest in sport events, politics and economics, nightlife, and use of coarse language were more frequent among problematic drinkers. Results coming from LIWC and LDA analyses were quite similar, but LDA added information that could not be retrieved only with LIWC analysis. Furthermore, open-vocabulary features outperformed closed-vocabulary features in terms of predictive power over participants’ AUDIT-C scores (r = .46 vs. r = .28, respectively). Emerging relationships between text features and offline behaviors may have important implications for alcohol screening purposes in the online environment.
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Carter A, Roth EA, Ding E, Milloy MJ, Kestler M, Jabbari S, Webster K, de Pokomandy A, Loutfy M, Kaida A. Substance Use, Violence, and Antiretroviral Adherence: A Latent Class Analysis of Women Living with HIV in Canada. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:971-985. [PMID: 28733919 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We used latent class analysis to identify substance use patterns for 1363 women living with HIV in Canada and assessed associations with socio-economic marginalization, violence, and sub-optimal adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). A six-class model was identified consisting of: abstainers (26.3%), Tobacco Users (8.81%), Alcohol Users (31.9%), 'Socially Acceptable' Poly-substance Users (13.9%), Illicit Poly-substance Users (9.81%) and Illicit Poly-substance Users of All Types (9.27%). Multinomial logistic regression showed that women experiencing recent violence had significantly higher odds of membership in all substance use latent classes, relative to Abstainers, while those reporting sub-optimal cART adherence had higher odds of being members of the poly-substance use classes only. Factors significantly associated with Illicit Poly-substance Users of All Types were sexual minority status, lower income, and lower resiliency. Findings underline a need for increased social and structural supports for women who use substances to support them in leading safe and healthy lives with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Carter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Eric Abella Roth
- Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Erin Ding
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M-J Milloy
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary Kestler
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Health Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shahab Jabbari
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kath Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Alexandra de Pokomandy
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mona Loutfy
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall Room 10522, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Dietze P, Agius PA, Livingston M, Callinan S, Jenkinson R, Lim MSC, Wright CJC, Room R. Correlates of alcohol consumption on heavy drinking occasions of young risky drinkers: event versus personal characteristics. Addiction 2017; 112:1369-1377. [PMID: 28345281 DOI: 10.1111/add.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD) by young people is a serious public health issue, yet little is known about the specific circumstances of risky drinking occasions. This study examined the independent effects of event- and individual-specific variables on RSOD. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study measuring self-reported RSOD and event- and individual-specific variables across two drinking occasions approximately 1 year apart. SETTING Metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 710 young risky drinkers aged between 18 and 25 years and defined as engaging in risky drinking practices (males: consumed alcohol in excess of 10 Australian Standard Drinks (ASD: 10 g ethanol) in a single occasion in the previous year; females: consumed alcohol in excess of seven ASD for females in a single occasion in the previous year). MEASUREMENTS Random digit-dial telephone landline survey of the most recent heavy drinking occasion and socio-demographic variables. The primary outcome was the log of the total drinks consumed in the most recent heavy drinking occasion. Event-specific (e.g. number of drinking locations) and time-varying (e.g. weekly income) and time-invariant (e.g. sex) individual-specific variables were examined as correlates of total drinks consumed. FINDINGS Changes in event-specific characteristics including the length of the drinking occasion (Likelihood Ratio χ2 (2) = 24.4, P < 0.001), the number of drinking locations (Wald χ2(1) = 7.6, P = 0.006) and the number of different drink types (Wald χ2(1) = 13.6, P < 0.001) were associated with increases in total drinks consumed, after adjustment for time-invariant and time-variant individual-specific variables such as gender, income level and weekly consumption. Few other effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS Event-specific characteristics are important predictors of the number of drinks consumed during risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) and illustrate the importance of event contexts when considering interventions targeting RSOD. The total number of drinks consumed in a RSOD session appears to rise independently with the duration of the drinking event, the number of drinking locations and the number of different types of beverage consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dietze
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Agius
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Jenkinson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan S C Lim
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra J C Wright
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gómez P, Moure-Rodríguez L, López-Caneda E, Rial A, Cadaveira F, Caamaño-Isorna F. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in Spanish University Alumni: Nine Years of Follow-Up. Front Psychol 2017; 8:756. [PMID: 28555119 PMCID: PMC5430027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to empirically identify different profiles of Spanish university alumni, based on their alcohol use over 9 years, and to further characterize them. A cohort study was carried out between 2005 and 2015 among university students (Compostela Cohort-Spain; n2015 = 415). Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). A two-stage cluster analysis, based on their AUDIT total scores was carried out separately for males and females. The further characterization of every profile was based on demographic data, age at onset of alcohol use, positive alcohol-related expectancies, tobacco and cannabis use, as well as their answers to some European Addiction Severity Index items. Five different clusters were identified: Low users (29.2%), Moderated users (37.2%), At-risk users (14.2%), Decreasing users (13.2%) and Large users (6.2%) for females, and Low users (34.4%), At-risk users (25.6%), High-risk users (15.6%), Decreasing users (14.4%) and Large users (10.0%) for males. Being a cannabis user or a smoker was positively associated to those more hazardous clusters in both genders. Regarding females, significant differences in the age of onset and high positive expectancies were found. However, there were few significant differences among the groups in relation to their employment status and social relations. The results reveal the existence of different typologies of alcohol users among university alumni, with differences among males and females. Modifying positive expectancies, limiting access to alcohol at a young age, and reducing uses of other substances uses are key to promote healthier alcohol use profiles and to prevent hazardous uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Moure-Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBER-ESP, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Eduardo López-Caneda
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, Research Center on Psychology, School of Psychology, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Rial
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Caamaño-Isorna
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, CIBER-ESP, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSpain
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7
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Peacock A, Norman T, Bruno R, Pennay A, Droste N, Jenkinson R, Quinn B, Lubman DI, Miller P. Typology of alcohol consumers in five Australian nighttime entertainment districts. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:539-48. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Peacock
- School of Medicine (Psychology); University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | - Thomas Norman
- School of Medicine (Psychology); University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Medicine (Psychology); University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
| | - Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research; La Trobe University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Nicolas Droste
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
| | - Rebecca Jenkinson
- Burnet Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Brendan Quinn
- Burnet Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Dan I. Lubman
- Turning Point; Eastern Health; Melbourne Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - Peter Miller
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
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8
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McKetin R, Coen A. The Effect of Energy Drinks on the Urge to Drink Alcohol in Young Adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2279-85. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McKetin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Well-Being; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Alice Coen
- School of Psychology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
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Reingle JM, Caetano R, Mills BA, Vaeth PAC. The role of immigration age on alcohol and drug use among border and non-border Mexican Americans. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2080-6. [PMID: 24846850 PMCID: PMC4106976 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the age of immigration at which the marked increase in risk for alcohol- and drug-use problems in adulthood is observed among Mexican American adults residing in 2 distinct contexts: the U.S.-Mexico border, and cities not proximal to the border. METHODS We used 2 samples of Mexican American adults: specifically, 1,307 who resided along the U.S.-Mexico border, and 1,288 non-border adults who were interviewed as a part of the 2006 Hispanic Americans Baseline Alcohol Survey study. Survey logistic and Poisson regression methods were used to examine how immigration age during adolescence is related to alcohol- and drug-use behavior in adulthood. RESULTS We found that participants who immigrate to the United States prior to age 14 have qualitatively different alcohol- and drug-related outcomes compared to those who immigrate later in life. Adults who immigrated at younger ages have alcohol- and drug-use patterns similar to those who were U.S.-born. Adults who immigrated at young ages and reside distal from the U.S.-Mexico border are at greater risk for alcohol and drug use than those who live in border contexts. CONCLUSIONS Immigration from Mexico to the U.S. before age 14 results in alcohol- and drug-related behavior that mirrors the behavior of U.S.-born residents, and the alcohol- and drug-use effects were more pronounced among adults who did not reside proximal to the U.S.-Mexico border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Reingle
- Corresponding author: Jennifer M. Reingle, PhD,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd.,
V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390, Telephone: 214-648-1519, Fax: 214-648-1081,
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