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Gruol DL, Calderon D, French K, Melkonian C, Huitron-Resendiz S, Cates-Gatto C, Roberts AJ. Neuroimmune interactions with binge alcohol drinking in the cerebellum of IL-6 transgenic mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 228:109455. [PMID: 36775097 PMCID: PMC10029700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The neuroimmune system of the brain, which is comprised primarily of astrocytes and microglia, regulates a variety of homeostatic mechanisms that underlie normal brain function. Numerous conditions, including alcohol consumption, can disrupt this regulatory process by altering brain levels of neuroimmune factors. Alcohol and neuroimmune factors, such as proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, act at similar targets in the brain, including excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Thus, alcohol-induced production of IL-6 and/or TNF-alpha could be important contributing factors to the effects of alcohol on the brain. Recent studies indicate that IL-6 plays a role in alcohol drinking and the effects of alcohol on the brain activity following the cessation of alcohol consumption (post-alcohol period), however information on these topics is limited. Here we used homozygous and heterozygous female and male transgenic mice with increased astrocyte expression of IL-6 to examined further the interactions between alcohol and IL-6 with respect to voluntary alcohol drinking, brain activity during the post-alcohol period, IL-6 signal transduction, and expression of synaptic proteins. Wildtype littermates (WT) served as controls. The transgenic mice model brain neuroimmune status with respect to IL-6 in subjects with a history of persistent alcohol use. Results showed a genotype dependent reduction in voluntary alcohol consumption in the Drinking in the Dark protocol and in frequency-dependent relationships between brain activity in EEG recordings during the post-alcohol period and alcohol consumption. IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-6 signal transduction partners pSTAT3 and c/EBP beta, and synaptic proteins were shown to play a role in these genotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Gruol
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Delilah Calderon
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katharine French
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Claudia Melkonian
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Cates-Gatto
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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2
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Imbriani P, Sciamanna G, El Atiallah I, Cerri S, Hess EJ, Pisani A. Synaptic effects of ethanol on striatal circuitry: therapeutic implications for dystonia. FEBS J 2022; 289:5834-5849. [PMID: 34217152 PMCID: PMC9786552 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption affects motor behavior and motor control. Both acute and chronic alcohol abuse have been extensively investigated; however, the therapeutic efficacy of alcohol on some movement disorders, such as myoclonus-dystonia or essential tremor, still does not have a plausible mechanistic explanation. Yet, there are surprisingly few systematic trials with known GABAergic drugs mimicking the effect of alcohol on neurotransmission. In this brief survey, we aim to summarize the effects of EtOH on striatal function, providing an overview of its cellular and synaptic actions in a 'circuit-centered' view. In addition, we will review both experimental and clinical evidence, in the attempt to provide a plausible mechanistic explanation for alcohol-responsive movement disorders, with particular emphasis on dystonia. Different hypotheses emerge, which may provide a rationale for the utilization of drugs that mimic alcohol effects, predicting potential drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Imbriani
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’Italy,IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Sciamanna
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’Italy,IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | - Ilham El Atiallah
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’Italy,IRCCS Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly
| | | | - Ellen J. Hess
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and NeurologyEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Antonio Pisani
- IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly,Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaItaly
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3
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Alcohol Use Disorder: Neurobiology and Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051192. [PMID: 35625928 PMCID: PMC9139063 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) encompasses the dysregulation of multiple brain circuits involved in executive function leading to excessive consumption of alcohol, despite negative health and social consequences and feelings of withdrawal when access to alcohol is prevented. Ethanol exerts its toxicity through changes to multiple neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetylcholine, and opioid systems. These neurotransmitter imbalances result in dysregulation of brain circuits responsible for reward, motivation, decision making, affect, and the stress response. Despite serious health and psychosocial consequences, this disorder still remains one of the leading causes of death globally. Treatment options include both psychological and pharmacological interventions, which are aimed at reducing alcohol consumption and/or promoting abstinence while also addressing dysfunctional behaviours and impaired functioning. However, stigma and social barriers to accessing care continue to impact many individuals. AUD treatment should focus not only on restoring the physiological and neurological impairment directly caused by alcohol toxicity but also on addressing psychosocial factors associated with AUD that often prevent access to treatment. This review summarizes the impact of alcohol toxicity on brain neurocircuitry in the context of AUD and discusses pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies currently available to treat this addiction disorder.
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4
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Jin S, Cao Q, Yang F, Zhu H, Xu S, Chen Q, Wang Z, Lin Y, Cinar R, Pawlosky RJ, Zhang Y, Xiong W, Gao B, Koob GF, Lovinger DM, Zhang L. Brain ethanol metabolism by astrocytic ALDH2 drives the behavioural effects of ethanol intoxication. Nat Metab 2021; 3:337-351. [PMID: 33758417 PMCID: PMC8294184 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is among the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide. Ethanol metabolites such as acetate, thought to be primarily the result of ethanol breakdown by hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), contribute to alcohol's behavioural effects and alcoholism. Here, we show that ALDH2 is expressed in astrocytes in the mouse cerebellum and that ethanol metabolism by astrocytic ALDH2 mediates behavioural effects associated with ethanol intoxication. We show that ALDH2 is expressed in astrocytes in specific brain regions and that astrocytic, but not hepatocytic, ALDH2 is required to produce ethanol-derived acetate in the mouse cerebellum. Cerebellar astrocytic ALDH2 mediates low-dose ethanol-induced elevation of GABA levels, enhancement of tonic inhibition and impairment of balance and coordination skills. Thus, astrocytic ALDH2 controls the production, cellular and behavioural effects of alcohol metabolites in a brain-region-specific manner. Our data indicate that astrocytic ALDH2 is an important, but previously under-recognized, target in the brain to alter alcohol pharmacokinetics and potentially treat alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Jin
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fanghan Yang
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongying Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory for Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Pawlosky
- Laboratory for Metabolic Control, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory for Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Rao R, Topiwala A. Alcohol use disorders and the brain. Addiction 2020; 115:1580-1589. [PMID: 32112474 DOI: 10.1111/add.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of alcohol use disorder is associated with a higher risk of dementia, but a dose-response relationship between alcohol intake consumption and cognitive impairment remains unclear. Alcohol is associated with a range of effects on the central nervous system at different doses and acts on a number of receptors. Acute disorders include Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), traumatic brain injury, blackouts, seizures, stroke and hepatic encephalopathy. The most common manifestations of chronic alcohol consumption are Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and alcohol-related dementia (ARD). There is limited evidence for benefit from memantine in the treatment of ARD, but stronger evidence for the use of high-dose parenteral thiamine in the progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms for WE. Accumulating evidence exists for pharmacological treatment in the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. Rehabilitation of people with ARD may take several years, and requires an approach that addresses physical and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Psychological Medicine and Older Adults Directorate, London, UK
| | - Anya Topiwala
- University of Oxford, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health
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6
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Mechanisms of GABA B receptor enhancement of extrasynaptic GABA A receptor currents in cerebellar granule cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16683. [PMID: 31723152 PMCID: PMC6853962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurons, including cerebellar granule cells, exhibit a tonic GABA current mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. This current is a critical regulator of firing and the target of many clinically relevant compounds. Using a combination of patch clamp electrophysiology and photolytic uncaging of RuBi-GABA we show that GABAB receptors are tonically active and enhance extrasynaptic GABAA receptor currents in cerebellar granule cells. This enhancement is not associated with meaningful changes in GABAA receptor potency, mean channel open-time, open probability, or single-channel current. However, there was a significant (~40%) decrease in the number of channels participating in the GABA uncaging current and an increase in receptor desensitization. Furthermore, we find that adenylate cyclase, PKA, CaMKII, and release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores are necessary for modulation of GABAA receptors. Overall, this work reveals crosstalk between postsynaptic GABAA and GABAB receptors and identifies the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved.
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7
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Khatri SN, Wu WC, Yang Y, Pugh JR. Direction of action of presynaptic GABA A receptors is highly dependent on the level of receptor activation. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1896-1905. [PMID: 30892973 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00779.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many synapses, including parallel fiber synapses in the cerebellum, express presynaptic GABAA receptors. However, reports of the functional consequences of presynaptic GABAA receptor activation are variable across synapses, from inhibition to enhancement of transmitter release. We find that presynaptic GABAA receptor function is bidirectional at parallel fiber synapses depending on GABA concentration and modulation of GABAA receptors in mice. Activation of GABAA receptors by low GABA concentrations enhances glutamate release, whereas activation of receptors by higher GABA concentrations inhibits release. Furthermore, blocking GABAB receptors reduces GABAA receptor currents and shifts presynaptic responses toward greater enhancement of release across a wide range of GABA concentrations. Conversely, enhancing GABAA receptor currents with ethanol or neurosteroids shifts responses toward greater inhibition of release. The ability of presynaptic GABAA receptors to enhance or inhibit transmitter release at the same synapse depending on activity level provides a new mechanism for fine control of synaptic transmission by GABA and may explain conflicting reports of presynaptic GABAA receptor function across synapses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY GABAA receptors are widely expressed at presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. However, previous reports have produced conflicting results on the function of these receptors at different synapses. We show that presynaptic GABAA receptor function is strongly dependent on the level of receptor activation. Low levels of receptor activation enhance transmitter release, whereas higher levels of activation inhibit release at the same synapses. This provides a novel mechanism by which presynaptic GABAA receptors fine-tune synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh N Khatri
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Wan-Chen Wu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Jason R Pugh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas.,Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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8
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Davis BC, Bajaj JS. Effects of Alcohol on the Brain in Cirrhosis: Beyond Hepatic Encephalopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:660-667. [PMID: 29417604 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have led to a greater understanding of how alcohol alters the brain, both in acute stages (intoxication and alcohol withdrawal) and in chronic misuse. This review focuses on the current understanding of how alcohol affects the brain in cirrhosis patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Chronic alcohol use is associated with nutritional deficiencies, dementia, cirrhosis, and decompensating events such as HE. Direct toxicity on brain tissue, induction of neuro-inflammation, and alcohol's alterations of the gut microbiome are possible mechanisms for the clinical features of HE associated with alcohol use. Acute management of the alcoholic cirrhosis patient with altered mental status should focus on ruling out other causes, best intensive care, and use of gut-based therapies such as lactulose and rifaximin. Long-term management centers on optimizing treatment of concurrent mood disorders, nutritional support, and medical management of complications associated with cirrhosis. Future studies are needed to clarify mechanisms of brain injury in concomitant alcohol misuse and HE in addition to designing treatment interventions in order to improve outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center (BCD, JSB), Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center (BCD, JSB), Richmond, Virginia
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9
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The Cerebellar GABA AR System as a Potential Target for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 248:113-156. [PMID: 29736774 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, fast inhibitory neurotransmission is mediated primarily by the ionotropic subtype of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subtype A (GABAAR). It is well established that the brain's GABAAR system mediates many aspects of neurobehavioral responses to alcohol (ethanol; EtOH). Accordingly, in both preclinical studies and some clinical scenarios, pharmacologically targeting the GABAAR system can alter neurobehavioral responses to acute and chronic EtOH consumption. However, many of the well-established interactions of EtOH and the GABAAR system have been identified at concentrations of EtOH ([EtOH]) that would only occur during abusive consumption of EtOH (≥40 mM), and there are still inadequate treatment options for prevention of or recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD, including abuse and dependence). Accordingly, there is a general acknowledgement that more research is needed to identify and characterize: (1) neurobehavioral targets of lower [EtOH] and (2) associated brain structures that would involve such targets in a manner that may influence the development and maintenance of AUDs.Nearly 15 years ago it was discovered that the GABAAR system of the cerebellum is highly sensitive to EtOH, responding to concentrations as low as 10 mM (as would occur in the blood of a typical adult human after consuming 1-2 standard units of EtOH). This high sensitivity to EtOH, which likely mediates the well-known motor impairing effects of EtOH, combined with recent advances in our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in non-motor, cognitive/emotive/reward processes has renewed interest in this system in the specific context of AUD. In this chapter we will describe recent advances in our understanding of cerebellar processing, actions of EtOH on the cerebellar GABAAR system, and the potential relationship of such actions to the development of AUD. We will finish with speculation about how cerebellar specific GABAAR ligands might be effective pharmacological agents for treating aspects of AUD.
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10
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Abrahao KP, Salinas AG, Lovinger DM. Alcohol and the Brain: Neuronal Molecular Targets, Synapses, and Circuits. Neuron 2017; 96:1223-1238. [PMID: 29268093 PMCID: PMC6566861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most commonly abused drugs. Although environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology of alcohol use disorders, it is ethanol's actions in the brain that explain (1) acute ethanol-related behavioral changes, such as stimulant followed by depressant effects, and (2) chronic changes in behavior, including escalated use, tolerance, compulsive seeking, and dependence. Our knowledge of ethanol use and abuse thus relies on understanding its effects on the brain. Scientists have employed both bottom-up and top-down approaches, building from molecular targets to behavioral analyses and vice versa, respectively. This review highlights current progress in the field, focusing on recent and emerging molecular, cellular, and circuit effects of the drug that impact ethanol-related behaviors. The focus of the field is now on pinpointing which molecular effects in specific neurons within a brain region contribute to behavioral changes across the course of acute and chronic ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P Abrahao
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Armando G Salinas
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Wang S, Sui S, Liu Z, Peng C, Liu J, Luo D, Fan X, Liu C, Lu WY. Protective roles of hepatic gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling in acute ethanol exposure-induced liver injury. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:341-350. [PMID: 29044621 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a consequence of heavy and prolonged alcohol consumptions. We previously demonstrated a hepatic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling system that protects the liver from toxic injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the hepatic GABA signaling system in the process of acute ethanol exposure-induced liver injury. Our results showed that the expression of GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase and type A GABA receptor (GABAA R) subunits was upregulated in ethanol-treated mice compared with saline-treated controls. Remarkably, pretreatment of mice with GABA (1.5 mg kg-1 body weight, intraperitoneal injection [i.p.]) or with the GABAA R agonist muscimol (1.2 mg kg-1 body weight, i.p.) protected the liver against ethanol toxicity and improved liver function, whereas pretreatment of mice with the GABAA R antagonist bicuculline (2.0 mg kg-1 body weight, i.p.) worsened the liver function. Further analyses suggest that GABAA R-mediated signaling protects the liver from ethanol injury by, at least partially, inhibiting the IRE1α-ASK1-JNK pro-apoptotic pathway in hepatocytes in the process of ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglian Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Sui
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong University Qi Lu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Xinhua Hospital, Huainan, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhuan Fan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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12
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Harrison NL, Skelly MJ, Grosserode EK, Lowes DC, Zeric T, Phister S, Salling MC. Effects of acute alcohol on excitability in the CNS. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:36-45. [PMID: 28479395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol has many effects on brain function and hence on human behavior, ranging from anxiolytic and mild disinhibitory effects, sedation and motor incoordination, amnesia, emesis, hypnosis and eventually unconsciousness. In recent years a variety of studies have shown that acute and chronic exposure to alcohol can modulate ion channels that regulate excitability. Modulation of intrinsic excitability provides another way in which alcohol can influence neuronal network activity, in addition to its actions on synaptic inputs. In this review, we review "low dose" effects [between 2 and 20 mM EtOH], and "medium dose"; effects [between 20 and 50 mM], by considering in turn each of the many networks and brain regions affected by alcohol, and thereby attempt to integrate in vitro physiological studies in specific brain regions (e.g. amygdala, ventral tegmental area, prefrontal cortex, thalamus, cerebellum etc.) within the context of alcohol's behavioral actions in vivo (e.g. anxiolysis, euphoria, sedation, motor incoordination). This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil L Harrison
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., 10032, United States.
| | - Mary Jane Skelly
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., 10032, United States
| | - Emma K Grosserode
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., 10032, United States
| | - Daniel C Lowes
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., 10032, United States
| | - Tamara Zeric
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., 10032, United States
| | - Sara Phister
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., 10032, United States
| | - Michael C Salling
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., 10032, United States
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