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Shen F, Zhou H. Advances in the etiology and neuroimaging of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1400468. [PMID: 38915870 PMCID: PMC11194347 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can cause extensive damage to children's academic, occupational, and social skills. This review will present current advancements in the field of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, including genetics, environmental factors, epigenetics, and neuroimaging features. Simultaneously, we will discuss the highlights of promising directions for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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da Silva BS, Grevet EH, Silva LCF, Ramos JKN, Rovaris DL, Bau CHD. An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:2. [PMID: 37861876 PMCID: PMC10501041 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, which leads to impairments in the social, academic, and professional contexts. ADHD diagnosis relies solely on clinical assessment based on symptom evaluation and is sometimes challenging due to the substantial heterogeneity of the disorder in terms of clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Despite the difficulties imposed by the high complexity of ADHD etiology, the growing body of research and technological advances provide good perspectives for understanding the neurobiology of the disorder. Such knowledge is essential to refining diagnosis and identifying new therapeutic options to optimize treatment outcomes and associated impairments, leading to improvements in all domains of patient care. This review is intended to be an updated outline that addresses the etiological and neurobiological aspects of ADHD and its treatment, considering the impact of the "omics" era on disentangling the multifactorial architecture of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Santos da Silva
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Carolina Fagundes Silva
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Kleber Neves Ramos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physiological Genomics of Mental Health (PhysioGen Lab), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- ADHD and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Department of Genetics and Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry and Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Gibson L, Porter M. Alcohol and Tobacco use While Breastfeeding and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1223-1234. [PMID: 33893938 PMCID: PMC8067780 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research has linked prenatal alcohol and tobacco use with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and variably with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Lactational use has been scantly considered. This study examined whether it may alter ADHD or ASD risk. Participants were 5107 infants recruited in 2004 and assessed longitudinally for the Growing Up in Australia Study. Logistic regression did not find any associations between maternal alcohol and tobacco use while breastfeeding and ADHD or ASD diagnosis at ages 6–7 or 10–11 years. Alcohol and tobacco use during lactation may not increase ADHD or ASD risk. Abstaining from alcohol and tobacco, however, may still be the safest option. Analyses were limited by lack of alcohol timing and retrospective variables that future research should address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Gibson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Melanie Porter
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Road, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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