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Cocuzza S, Parisi FM, Spatola C, La Mantia I, Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba C, Ferlito S, Albanese G, Lentini M, Mayo-Yanez M, Fakhry N, La Rocca M, Maniaci A. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios as Predictors of Dysphagia Severity and Quality of Life in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients after Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT). J Clin Med 2024; 13:4821. [PMID: 39200963 PMCID: PMC11355491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients treated with definitive radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) develop severe dysphagia, affecting their quality of life. Traditional prognosis biomarkers are insufficient, leading to a search for new predictors like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 44 NPC patients who underwent definitive radiotherapy between 2010 and 2018. EQUATOR and STROBE network guidelines were adopted. Pre-treatment evaluations were conducted, and post-treatment oropharyngeal dysphagia was assessed using the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) and FEES, then assigning a Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) level. Patients were divided based on NLR and PLR cut-offs, comparing subjective dysphagia (SSQ) scores and DOSS results at baseline and after a 5-year follow-up. Multiple linear regression was used for analysis. Results: At baseline, the mean NLR was 2.52 ± 1.10, and the PLR was 208.40 ± 94.35. Multivariate analysis indicated NLR and PLR as significant predictors of DOSS outcomes (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Baseline inflammation markers, such as NLR and PLR, may be used to predict dysphagia severity in NPC patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy. These markers could help identify patients at higher risk for severe dysphagia and implement tailored therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies to improve their quality of life. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings and explore additional prognostic factors for dysphagia outcomes in NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.); (I.L.M.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Federica Maria Parisi
- Department Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.); (I.L.M.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Corrado Spatola
- Department Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.); (I.L.M.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (M.L.R.)
- U.O. Radioterapia Oncologica, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio La Mantia
- Department Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.); (I.L.M.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Jerome Rene Lechien
- Head and Neck Study Group, Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France;
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), 7022 Mons, Belgium
- Laboratory of Phonetics, Faculty of Psychology, Research Institute for Language Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), 7022 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, 59000 Lille, France
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Study Group, Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 13005 Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Carlos Chiesa-Estomba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Salvatore Ferlito
- Department Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.); (I.L.M.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Gianluca Albanese
- Department Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.); (I.L.M.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Mario Lentini
- ASP Ragusa—Hospital Giovanni Paolo II, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - Miguel Mayo-Yanez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Nicolas Fakhry
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Madalina La Rocca
- Department Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate “G.F. Ingrassia”, Università di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (C.S.); (I.L.M.); (S.F.); (G.A.); (M.L.R.)
- U.O. Radioterapia Oncologica, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
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Huang G, Wang Y, Qin B, Zeng J, Tan H, Zhang D, Wang Q. Global, regional and national burdens of Nasopharynx cancer in the adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:720. [PMID: 38862937 PMCID: PMC11167860 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To use data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to report the global, regional and national rates and trends of deaths incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for Nasopharynx cancer (NPC) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). METHODS Data from the GBD 2019 were used to analyze deaths incidence, prevalence and DALYs due to NPC at global, regional, and national levels. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the average annual percentage changes (AAPC). The association between incidence, prevalence and DALYs and socioeconomic development was analyzed using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Finally, projections were made until 2030 and calculated in Nordpred. RESULTS The incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs rates (95%UI) due to NPC 0.96 (0.85-1.09, 6.31 (5.54-7.20),0.20 (0.19-0.22), and 12.23(11.27-13.29) in 2019, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence and prevalence rates increased by 1.79 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.55) and 2.97(95% CI 2.13 to 3.82) respectively while the deaths and DALYs rates declined by 1.64(95%CI 1.78 to 1.49) and 1.6(95%CI 1.75 to 1.4) respectively. Deaths and DALYs rates in South Asia, East Asia, North Africa and Middle East decreased with SDI. Incidence and prevalence rates in East Asia increased with SDI. At the national level, the incidence and prevalence rates are high in China, Taiwan(China), Singapore, Malaysia, Brunel Darussalam, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Malta. Meanwhile, the deaths and DALYs rates are still high in Malaysia, Brunel Darussalam, Greenland and Taiwan(Province of China). The deaths and DALYs rates are low in Honduras, Finland and Norway. From the 2020 to 2030, ASIR、ASPR and ASDR in most regions are predicted to stable, but DALYs tends to decline. CONCLUSION NPC in AYAs is a significant global public problem. The incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates vary widely by region and country. Therefore different regions and countries should be targeted to improve the disease burden of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Yaojie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Bingqing Qin
- Center Laboratory for Translational Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Paediatrician, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Huazhang Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Qiuyang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 15 Jiefang Road, Fancheng District, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China.
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Czachor A, Diaz JD, Cho SH, Lockey RF. The Use of Flexible Rhinolaryngoscopy for Allergy-Immunology Practice. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:149-157.e1. [PMID: 36154896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible rhinolaryngoscopy is an underused procedure that can provide allergists-immunologists and other physicians with several benefits over existing imaging techniques. In this article, we highlight the many benefits of flexible rhinolaryngoscopy and expand on its safety, cost-effectiveness, and convenience. This article also covers current procedure techniques and assesses the most common indications and relevant clinical findings for which flexible rhinolaryngoscopy can be used to evaluate the nasopharyngeal tract. Videos for the clinician showing some of the most common findings are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Czachor
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Joseph D Diaz
- Allergy and Asthma Research Center, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Seong H Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla.
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Song Y, Cheng W, Li H, Liu X. The global, regional, national burden of nasopharyngeal cancer and its attributable risk factors (1990-2019) and predictions to 2035. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4310-4320. [PMID: 35475595 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to report the latest incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, sociodemographic index (SDI), and provide predictions to 2035. We use estimates from Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 to analyze the incidence, mortality, and DALYs. All the estimates were shown as counts and age-standardized rates (ASR). In 2019, there were more than 176,501 (156,046 to 199,917) incidence cases, with ASRs of 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4). Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) accounted for 71,610 (65,442 to 77,625) deaths, with ASRs of 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9). NPC was also responsible for 2.34 million (2,139,753 to 2,536,657) DALYs, with ASRs of 28.0 (25.7 to 30.4). The count of all the new cases increased from 1990 to 2019. At the regional level, the highest age-standardized incidence rates were found in East Asia, the highest age-standardized death and DALY rates were shown in Southeast Asia. At the national level, the age-standardized incidence rates were highest in Singapore, and the age-standardized death and DALY rates were highest in Malaysia. The total numbers and rates of all the estimates were significantly higher among males than females across most of the age groups. The considerable burden of NPC was attributable to alcohol use, smoking, and occupational exposure to formaldehyde. A total of six GBD regions and 88 countries are projected to experience an increase in NPC ASRs between 2019 and 2035, respectively. Despite the current decline in age-standardized mortality and DALY rates globally, the age-standardized incidence rate has increased from 1990 to 2019, and continues to increase between 2020 and 2035, indicating that nasopharyngeal cancer remains a major health challenge worldwide. Prevention strategies should focus on modifiable risk factors, especially among males in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexun Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenwei Cheng
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Heqing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiajing Liu
- Graduate School of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Long Z, Wang W, Liu W, Wang F, Meng S, Liu J, Liu Y, Qi J, Wang L, Zhou M, Yin P. Trend of nasopharyngeal carcinoma mortality and years of life lost in China and Its Provinces from 2005 to 2020. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:684-691. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Long
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Feixue Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Shidi Meng
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China
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Xu FL, Yao J, Wang BJ. Association between RGS4 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27607. [PMID: 34871224 PMCID: PMC8568470 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex brain disorder, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 is regarded as a candidate gene for schizophrenia risk. The association between the regulator of G-protein signaling 4 gene and the risk of schizophrenia is complicated and controversial, thus, an updated meta-analysis is needed. METHODS A search strategy using Medical Subject Headings was developed in English (PubMed, SZGene) and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu) databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen for eligible studies. Parameters, such as P value of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, P values of association, heterogeneity (Ph), and publication bias, were analyzed by the Stata software using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to detect heterogeneity. RESULTS There were 15 articles regarding rs10917670 (8046 cases and 8837 controls), 16 regarding rs951436 (8990 cases and 10,568 controls), 15 regarding rs951439 (7995 cases and 8646 controls), 15 regarding rs2661319 (8320 cases and 9440 controls), and 4 regarding rs10759 (2752 cases and 2866 controls). The frequencies of rs10917670 and rs951439 were not significantly different between the case and control groups (P > .05). As shown by the East Asian and hospital-based subgroup analyses, the genotype TT of rs951436 might be related to the risk of schizophrenia. The genotypes CC + CT of rs2661319 and CC + CA of rs10759 were statistically different between the 2 groups, and the East Asian population contributed to these differences. CONCLUSION The genotypes CC + CT of rs2661319 and CC + CA of rs10759 might be associated with the risk of schizophrenia.
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Liu H, Dong Z. Cancer Etiology and Prevention Principle: "1 + X". Cancer Res 2021; 81:5377-5395. [PMID: 34470778 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer was previously thought to be an inevitable aspect of human health with no effective treatments. However, the results of in-depth cancer research suggest that most types of cancer may be preventable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the disparities in cancer burden caused by different risk factors is essential to inform and improve cancer prevention and control. Here, we propose the cancer etiology and prevention principle "1 + X," where 1 denotes the primary risk factor for a cancer and X represents the secondary contributing risk factors for the cancer. We elaborate upon the "1 + X" principle with respect to risk factors for several different cancer types. The "1 + X" principle can be used for precise prevention of cancer by eliminating the main cause of a cancer and minimizing the contributing factors at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Alcohol Drinking Pattern and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111204. [PMID: 34769724 PMCID: PMC8582646 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC), yet little data exist examining drinking patterns and HNC risk. In this population-based, retrospective cohort study, 11,737,467 subjects were recruited from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The risks of overall HNC and HNC subtypes according to average alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, and daily amount were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. Over the median follow-up of 6.4 years, 15,832 HNC cases were identified. HNC risk linearly increased with drinking frequency (p-trend < 0.01; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–1.67 in subjects who drank 7 days/week). HNC risk also increased according to daily amount of alcohol consumption (p-trend < 0.01), but plateaued from 5–7 units/occasion (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19–1.31) to >14 units/occasion (aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13–1.40). When stratified by average alcohol consumption, drinking frequency, but not daily amount, showed a linear relationship with HNC risk in moderate and heavy drinkers. When comparing the HNC subtypes, similar tendencies were observed in cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, but not in the salivary gland. In conclusion, drinking frequency is a stronger risk factor for HNC, especially for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, than the daily amount of alcohol consumption.
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Associations between ALDH Genetic Variants, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in an East Asian Population. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101547. [PMID: 34680942 PMCID: PMC8535421 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and alcohol flush syndrome are thought to be strongly influenced by genetic factors and are highly prevalent amongst East Asians. Diminished activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a major enzyme in the alcohol-metabolizing pathway, causes the flushing syndrome associated with alcoholic consumption. The genetic effect of ALDH isoforms on NPC is unknown. We therefore investigated the association between the genetic polymorphisms of all 19 ALDH isoforms and NPC among 458 patients with NPC and 1672 age- and gender-matched healthy controls in Taiwan. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located between the 40,000 base pairs upstream and downstream of the 19 ALDH isoform coding regions were collected from two genome-wise association studies conducted in Taiwan and from the Taiwan Biobank. Thirteen SNPs located on ALDH4A1, ALDH18A1, ALDH3B2, ALDH1L2, ALDH1A2, and ALDH2 Glu487Lys (rs671) were associated with NPC susceptibility. Stratification by alcohol status revealed a cumulative risk effect for NPC amongst drinkers and non-drinkers, with odds ratios of 4.89 (95% confidence interval 2.15–11.08) and 3.57 (1.97–6.47), respectively. A synergistic effect was observed between SNPs and alcohol. This study is the first to report associations between genetic variants in 19 ALDH isoforms, their interaction with alcohol consumption and NPC in an East Asian population.
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Yu H, Yin X, Mao Y, Chen M, Tang Q, Yan S. The global burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 2009 to 2019: an observational study based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:1519-1533. [PMID: 34146150 PMCID: PMC8897385 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence and mortality rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has changed in recent years. Our goal is to determine the epidemiological pattern of NPC to help policymakers allocate limited medical resources. METHODS Detailed information about NPC from 2009 to 2019 was collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess NPC's incidence and mortality trends. RESULTS Globally, there was a consistent increase in the NPC incidence cases from 2009 to 2019 (from 121.65 × 103 cases in 2009 to 176.50 × 103 cases in 2019, increasing by 45.09%). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NPC increased from 1.81 in 2009 to 2.12 in 2019 (EAPC = 1.59, 95% CI 1.36-1.81). On the contrary, the mortality of NPC showed a downward trend (ASDR: 0.93 in 2009 and 0.86 in 2019; EAPC = - 0.63, 95% CI - 0.78 to - 0.48), and it was negatively correlated with the social demographic index (SDI) in most regions. Both incidence and mortality rates of high-incidence territories tended to be stable or decline. Males had significantly higher incidence and mortality of NPC than females. The number of patients with onset age greater than 50 years old accounted for the highest proportion. We found that smoking, occupational exposure to formaldehyde, and alcohol use were the main risk factors for NPC-related mortality. CONCLUSION Globally, the incidence rate of NPC has been slightly increasing, while the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have been decreasing. NPC burden in high-middle and middle SDI areas was the heaviest. The current prevention strategy should be repositioned, and some countries should formulate more targeted approaches to reduce the current burden of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, #79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Chang ET, Ye W, Zeng YX, Adami HO. The Evolving Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1035-1047. [PMID: 33849968 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has long been a source of fascination due to the malignancy's striking geographic distribution, the involvement of the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the unique association with intake of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish, and etiologic heterogeneity by histologic subtype. METHODS This review summarizes the current epidemiologic literature on NPC, highlighting recent results from our population-based case-control study in southern China. RESULTS Findings from our case-control study provide new insight into the epidemiology of NPC, including a diminished role of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish, a profound impact of EBV genetic sequence variation, modest positive associations with passive smoking and household air pollution, and possible effects of oral health and the oral microbiome. Recent findings from other studies include a protective association with infectious mononucleosis, suggesting a causal role of early EBV infection; familial risk conferred by shared genetic variation in the host antibody-mediated immune response to EBV infection; and an unclear association with occupational exposure to formaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS To shed further light on the interplay of environmental, genetic, and viral causes of NPC, large pooled studies must accumulate sufficient cases with detailed exposure data. IMPACT New epidemiologic findings have reshaped the causal model for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Center for Health Sciences, Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, California.
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Feng R, Chang ET, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Huang QH, Xie SH, Cao SM, Zhang Y, Yun JP, Jia WH, Zheng Y, Liao J, Chen Y, Huang T, Lin L, Ernberg I, Huang G, Zeng YX, Adami HO, Ye W. Intake of Alcohol and Tea and Risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Southern China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 30:545-553. [PMID: 33303643 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential effect of alcohol or tea intake on the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains controversial. METHODS In a population-based case-control study in southern China, we assessed alcohol or tea intake from 2,441 histopathologically confirmed NPC cases and 2,546 controls. We calculated mean daily ethanol (g/day) and tea intake (mL/day). Fully adjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression; potential dose-response trends were evaluated using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS Compared with nondrinkers, no significantly increased NPC risk in men was observed among current alcohol drinkers overall (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.93-1.25), nor among current heavy drinkers (OR for ≥90 g/day ethanol vs. none, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.95-1.84) or former alcohol drinkers. Current tea drinking was associated with a decreased NPC risk (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.64-0.84). Compared with never drinkers, those with the low first three quintiles of mean daily current intake of tea were at significantly lower NPC risk (OR, 0.53, 0.68, and 0.65, respectively), but not significant for the next two quintiles. Current daily tea intake had a significant nonlinear dose-response relation with NPC risk. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests no significant association between alcohol and NPC risk. Tea drinking may moderately reduce NPC risk, but the lack of a monotonic dose-response association complicates causal inference. IMPACT Tea drinking might be a healthy habit for preventing NPC. More studies on biological mechanisms that may link tea with NPC risk are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Feng
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ellen T Chang
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Exponent, Inc., Center for Health Sciences, Menlo Park, California.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China.,Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Guomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shang-Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China.,Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and Prevention, Wuzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Longde Lin
- Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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