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Chiba I, Nakaya N, Kogure M, Hatanaka R, Nakaya K, Tokioka S, Nakamura T, Nagaie S, Fuse N, Obara T, Kotozaki Y, Tanno K, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A. Associations between housing and psychological damage by earthquake and modifiable risk factors for dementia in general older adults: Tohoku Medical Megabank community-based cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:509-516. [PMID: 38700081 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between housing and psychological damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and modifiable risk factors (MRFs) of dementia for general population of older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 29 039 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 69.1 ± 2.9 years, 55.5% women). We evaluated disaster-related damage (by complete or not complete housing damage) and psychological damage (by post-traumatic stress reaction [PTSR]) after the GEJE using a self-report questionnaire. MRFs encompassed the presence of depression, social isolation, physical inactivity, smoking, and diabetes. We examined the association between disaster-related damage and MRFs using ordinary least squares and modified Poisson regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and health status variables. RESULTS Complete housing damage and PTSR were identified in 2704 (10.0%) and 855 (3.2%) individuals, respectively. The number of MRFs was significantly larger for the individuals with complete housing damage (β = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.27) and PTSR (β = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.53-0.67). Prevalence ratios (PRs) for depression and physical inactivity were higher in individuals with complete housing damage. The PRs for all domains of the MRFs were significantly higher in individuals with PTSR. CONCLUSIONS Housing and psychological damage caused by the GEJE were associated with an increased risk factor of dementia. To attenuate the risk of dementia, especially among older victims who have experienced housing and psychological damage after a disaster, multidimensional support across various aspects of MRFs is required. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 509-516.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Chiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rieko Hatanaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kumi Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sayuri Tokioka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Data Science, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaie
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Pebole MM, Singleton CR, Hall KS, Petruzzello SJ, Reginald A, Smith BN, Whitworth JW, Gobin RL. Sex-specific associations between self-reported physical activity and PTSD among survivors of sexual violence. J Behav Med 2024; 47:220-231. [PMID: 37698803 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined sex-specific associations between sexual violence (SV) type and physical activity, and identified associations between PTSD symptoms and physical activity, all among cisgender men and women survivors of SV. Cross-sectional data from men (n = 197) and women (n = 356) survivors of SV were analyzed with stratified (men; women) hierarchical logistic regressions. Additionally, fully adjusted models for the total sample included interaction terms to further assess whether associations between SV type as well as PTSD symptoms (sum, clusters) and physical activity differed significantly by sex. Sexual assault was negatively associated with physical activity in the crude model among women (ORs: 0.58; p < 0.05). Harassment was positively associated with physical activity in the crude and adjusted models (ORs:1.92-2.16; ps<0.05) among women. Among men, there were no significant relationships. Regarding PTSD symptoms among women, crude and adjusted stratified models identified significant positive relationships with intrusion (ORs: 1.18-1.22; ps<0.05). Crude and adjusted models revealed significant positive relationships between avoidance and activity (ORs:1.38-1.41; ps<0.05) among men but not women. The interaction term for this difference in the association between avoidance and physical activity by sex was significant (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.48-0.88; p < 0.01). Overall, findings provide evidence for sex-specific associations between SV and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Pebole
- The Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 505 E Armory Ave, Champaign, IL, 61280, USA.
| | - Chelsea R Singleton
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Katherine S Hall
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Healthcare System, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Steven J Petruzzello
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 505 E Armory Ave, Champaign, IL, 61280, USA
| | - Alston Reginald
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 505 E Armory Ave, Champaign, IL, 61280, USA
| | - Brian N Smith
- National Center for PTSD Women's Health Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - James W Whitworth
- National Center for PTSD Behavioral Science Division at VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robyn L Gobin
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 505 E Armory Ave, Champaign, IL, 61280, USA
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Emrich M, Gnall KE, Garnsey CL, George JR, Park CL, Mazure CM, Hoff RA. Associations of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters and Pain Interference in Post-9/11 Veterans: Exploring Sleep Impairment and Physical Activity as Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10268-4. [PMID: 38438749 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and pain are highly prevalent and comorbid, particularly in veterans, but mechanisms explaining their linkage remain unclear. The aims of this study were to determine: (1) whether sleep impairment and physical activity (PA) mediate relations between PTSD symptoms and pain interference (assessed both longitudinally and as residual change) and (2) the unique roles of each PTSD symptom cluster in those relationships. METHODS The present study is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal observational investigation of 673 post-9/11 veterans (45.8% women). Surveys were administered at baseline and 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. RESULTS PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with pain interference longitudinally and worsening pain interference over time. Sleep impairment, but not PA, significantly mediated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and subsequent pain interference. Hyperarousal symptoms were found to be the primary driver of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and pain interference and re-experiencing symptoms were associated with change in pain interference via sleep impairment. Men and women did not differ on any of the study variables with the exception of PA. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of targeting sleep as a key modifiable health factor linking PTSD symptoms to pain interference in post-9/11 veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Emrich
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA.
| | - Katherine E Gnall
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Camille L Garnsey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Jamilah R George
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Carolyn M Mazure
- Department of Psychiatry, Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rani A Hoff
- Northeast Program Evaluation Center (NEPEC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Wiseman M, Hinks M, Hallett D, Blundell J, Sweeney E, Thorpe CM, Walling SG, Swift-Gallant A. Evidence that ovarian hormones, but not diet and exercise, contribute to the sex disparity in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:213-220. [PMID: 37918034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Females are twice as likely as males to receive a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One hypothesis for this sex disparity is that ovarian hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, contribute to PTSD risk. Alternatively, sex differences in lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, may play a role in PTSD risk. Using data from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (PATH) cohort (n = 16,899), the relationship between endogenous hormone fluctuations (e.g., menarche, pregnancy, and menopause), exogenous hormone use (e.g., hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)) and lifestyle variables (diet and exercise habits, as measured by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, Healthy Eating Index, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire) with PTSD diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. While several hormonal variables, including contraceptive use, higher total number of pregnancies, younger menarche age, and having undergone menopause increased the risk of PTSD, no lifestyle variables contributed to an increased risk of PTSD diagnosis. These findings support the theory that ovarian hormones contribute to the sex-linked disparity in PTSD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Wiseman
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Meagan Hinks
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Darcy Hallett
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Blundell
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Ellen Sweeney
- Atlantic PATH, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christina M Thorpe
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Susan G Walling
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Ashlyn Swift-Gallant
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 242 Elizabeth Ave. St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Dyball D, Bennett AN, Schofield S, Cullinan P, Boos CJ, Bull AMJ, Stevelink SA, Fear NT. The underlying mechanisms by which PTSD symptoms are associated with cardiovascular health in male UK military personnel: The ADVANCE cohort study. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:87-96. [PMID: 36696788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms of this relationship are not well understood. This study investigates the associations between PTSD symptom clusters (hyperarousal, intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviours and emotional numbing) and mechanisms of cardiovascular disease including cardiometabolic effects, inflammation, and haemodynamic functioning. In the ADVANCE study cohort of UK male military personnel, 1111 participants were assessed for PTSD via questionnaire and cardiovascular risk via venous blood sampling, pulse wave analysis and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry between 2015 and 2020. Variable selection procedures were conducted to assess which of the symptom clusters if any were associated with cardiovascular risk outcomes. Associations were confirmed via robust regression modelling. Avoidance behaviours were associated with greater systolic Blood Pressure (BP) (Adjusted Coefficient (AC) 0.640 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.065, 1.149). Emotional numbing was associated with greater estimated glucose disposal rate (AC -0.021 (95%CI -0.036, -0.005). Hyperarousal was associated with greater levels of (log)triglycerides (exponentiated-AC 1.009 (95%CI 1.002, 1.017). Intrusive thoughts were associated with greater visceral adipose tissue (AC 0.574 (95%CI 0.020, 1.250). Nonlinear relationships were observed between emotional numbing with heart rate and intrusive thoughts with systolic BP. Limited evidence is present for symptom associations with lipoproteins and pulse wave velocity. No associations were observed between PTSD symptom clusters and high sensitivity c-reactive protein, diastolic BP, total cholesterol, or haemoglobin fasting glucose. In conclusion, symptom clusters of PTSD were associated with increased cardiovascular risk via cardiometabolic and haemodynamic functioning mechanisms, but not inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dyball
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
| | - Alexander N Bennett
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall Estate, Near Loughborough, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5BL, UK
| | - Susie Schofield
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Paul Cullinan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Christopher J Boos
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, BH1 3LT, UK
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sharon Am Stevelink
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, SE5 9RJ, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, SE5 9RJ, UK; Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, SE5 9RJ, UK
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Yamaguchi S, Yamada K, Ito YM, Fuji T, Sato K, Ohe T. Frequency-Response Relationship Between Exercise and Locomotive Syndrome Across Age Groups: Secondary Analysis of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Japan. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 33:617-622. [PMID: 35689559 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the frequency-response relationship between exercise habits and locomotive syndrome in different age groups. METHODS We analyzed 8,681 independent community dwellers who participated in a nationwide cross-sectional locomotive syndrome study. Participants were divided into young (20-39 years), middle (40-64 years), and old (≥ 65 years) groups. The presence of locomotive syndrome was evaluated using the locomotive syndrome risk tests. Exercise habits were assessed by exercise frequency (almost every day/sometimes/occasionally/never). The association between locomotive syndrome and exercise was assessed using the multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for participant characteristics for each age category. RESULTS Overall, 3,528 (41%) participants had locomotive syndrome. In the old group, the risk of locomotive syndrome was lower with an increased exercise frequency. However, this dose-response relationship was not found in the young group. The proportion of locomotive syndrome was lower even in participants who occasionally exercised (1-3 days/month) than those who never exercise in the young and middle age groups. CONCLUSIONS Regular exercise reduced the risk of locomotive syndrome not only in middle and older adults but also in young adults. Moreover, increasing exercise frequency may provide benefits for locomotive syndrome prevention, especially among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Global and Transdisciplinary Studies, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,"Locomo Challenge!" Promotion Council, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamada
- "Locomo Challenge!" Promotion Council, Tokyo, Japan.,Departments of Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Planning, Information and Management, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fuji
- "Locomo Challenge!" Promotion Council, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Osaka Housenka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kimihito Sato
- "Locomo Challenge!" Promotion Council, Tokyo, Japan.,Sato Orthopaedic Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohe
- "Locomo Challenge!" Promotion Council, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NTT Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Ji C, Yang J, Lin L, Chen S. Physical Exercise Ameliorates Anxiety, Depression and Sleep Quality in College Students: Experimental Evidence from Exercise Intensity and Frequency. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12030061. [PMID: 35323380 PMCID: PMC8944991 DOI: 10.3390/bs12030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise intensity and exercise frequency on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in college students. Methods: All participants came from a university in northeastern China. All participants were tested for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and were diagnosed with anxiety disorders. The research subjects were divided into six groups, namely the low-intensity and low-frequency group (group 1), low-intensity and moderate-frequency group (group 2), low-intensity and high-frequency group (group 3), high-intensity and low-frequency group (group 4), and high-intensity and moderate-frequency group (group 5) and high-intensity and high-frequency group (group 6). The duration of each physical exercise for each group was 1 h. Participants’ exercise intensity was monitored using Polar H10 HR sensors and the Borg RPE scale. The experiment was carried out for a total of 6 weeks. The researchers conducted pre- and post-test scores on the subjects’ anxiety, depression and sleep quality through questionnaires. Results: Exercise intensity improved anxiety and decreased symptoms of depression better than exercise frequency; sleep quality was more closely related to exercise intensity. Conclusion: Exercise intensity and exercise frequency have different effects on anxiety, depression and sleep quality improvement, indicating that exercise intensity and exercise frequency have different effects on anxiety, depression and sleep quality of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxin Ji
- Department of Physical Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
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Escarfulleri S, Ellickson-Larew S, Fein-Schaffer D, Mitchell KS, Wolf EJ. Emotion regulation and the association between PTSD, diet, and exercise: a longitudinal evaluation among US military veterans. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1895515. [PMID: 33907611 PMCID: PMC8049465 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1895515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with premature onset of chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Diet and exercise are behavioural contributors to physical health, and research suggests they are influenced by psychiatric symptoms, including PTSD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between PTSD and exercise and diet quality and to test if emotion regulation strategies contribute to the link between PTSD and these health behaviours. Method: A representative sample of US military veterans (n = 860 at Time 1, n = 503 at Time 2, mean age = 63 years, 91.5% male) were assessed twice over the course of approximately three years. Results: Mediation models revealed that the association between baseline PTSD symptom severity and subsequent diet quality was mediated by emotion suppression (measured at Time 2; indirect B = -.03; 95% CI: -.059 to -.002). Trauma exposure also directly predicted diet quality (B = -.31; p = .003). There were no significant direct or indirect associations between PTSD severity or trauma exposure and exercise engagement. Conclusions: These results suggest that PTSD symptoms are associated with worse diet quality and that the consumption of unhealthy food may be driven by efforts to suppress emotion. This carries implications for understanding and treating medical comorbidities among those with traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karen S Mitchell
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Vanderheyden WM, Kehoe M, Vanini G, Britton SL, Koch LG. Rat models for low and high adaptive response to exercise differ for stress-related memory and anxiety. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14716. [PMID: 33619911 PMCID: PMC7900769 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise and fitness may serve as resilience factors to stress exposure. However, the extreme range in human exercise performance suggests that genetic variation for exercise capacity could be a confounding feature to understanding the connection between exercise and stress exposure. To test this idea, we use laboratory rat models selectively bred for a low and high gain in aerobic running capacity in response to training to examine whether an inherent capacity to respond to physical exercise reflects how stress changes neurobiological functioning and regulates fear-associated memory processing. Utilization of this contrasting rat model system of low and high responders has the potential to guide the interpretation of the reported association with exercise involvement and the reduction of stress-induced anxiety disorders. Our data show that aerobic fitness may be linked to the ability to regulate fear-associated memories. We also show that acquired exercise capacity may play a key role in regulating responses to an acute stressor. Exercise sensitivity plays a significant role in the activation of the plasticity-associated molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinase, changes in stress hormone activity, and anatomical modifications to the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. These data identify a unique operational mechanism that may serve as translational targets for lessening symptoms of stress and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Kehoe
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOHUSA
| | - Lauren Gerard Koch
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOHUSA
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