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Liu X, Gao L, Peng Y, Fang Z, Wang J. PheSom: a term frequency-based method for measuring human phenotype similarity on the basis of MeSH vocabulary. Front Genet 2023; 14:1185790. [PMID: 37496714 PMCID: PMC10366691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1185790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phenotype similarity calculation should be used to help improve drug repurposing. In this study, based on the MeSH terms describing the phenotypes deposited in OMIM, we proposed a method, namely, PheSom (Phenotype Similarity On MeSH), to measure the similarity between phenotypes. PheSom counted the number of overlapping MeSH terms between two phenotypes and then took the weight of every MeSH term within each phenotype into account according to the term frequency-inverse document frequency (FIDC). Phenotype-related genes were used for the evaluation of our method. Results: A 7,739 × 7,739 similarity score matrix was finally obtained and the number of phenotype pairs was dramatically decreased with the increase of similarity score. Besides, the overlapping rates of phenotype-related genes were remarkably increased with the increase of similarity score between phenotypes, which supports the reliability of our method. Conclusion: We anticipate our method can be applied to identifying novel therapeutic methods for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonglin Peng
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghai Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 5 Gene Deletion Enhances Nicotine-Conditioned Place Preference: Illuminating the Putative Gateway Mechanisms. FUTURE PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 3:108-116. [PMID: 36864947 PMCID: PMC9969817 DOI: 10.3390/futurepharmacol3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the endogenous cannabinoid system modulates the behavioral and physiological effects of nicotine. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are among the primary intracellular trafficking mechanisms of endogenous cannabinoids, such as anandamide. To this end, changes in FABP expression may similarly impact the behavioral manifestations associated with nicotine, particularly its addictive properties. FABP5 +/+ and FABP5 -/- mice were tested for nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP) at two different doses (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg). The nicotine-paired chamber was assigned as their least preferred chamber during preconditioning. Following 8 days of conditioning, the mice were injected with either nicotine or saline. The mice were allowed to access to all the chambers on the test day, and their times spent in the drug chamber on the preconditioning versus the test days were used to examine the drug preference score. The CPP results showed that the FABP5 -/- mice displayed a higher place preference for 0.1 mg/kg nicotine than the FABP5 +/+ mice, while no CPP difference was observed for 0.5 mg/kg nicotine between the genotypes. In conclusion, FABP5 plays an important role in regulating nicotine place preference. Further research is warranted to identify the precise mechanisms. The results suggest that dysregulated cannabinoid signaling may impact nicotine-seeking behavior.
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3
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Lunerti V, Li H, Benvenuti F, Shen Q, Domi A, Soverchia L, Concetta Di Martino RM, Bottegoni G, Haass-Koffler CL, Cannella N. The multitarget FAAH inhibitor/D3 partial agonist ARN15381 decreases nicotine self-administration in male rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175088. [PMID: 35690082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder is a worldwide health problem for which available medications show limited efficacy. Nicotine is the psychoactive component of tobacco responsible for its addictive liability. Similar to other addictive drugs, nicotine enhances mesolimbic dopamine transmission. Inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), reduces nicotine-enhanced dopamine transmission and acquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats. Down-regulation of dopamine transmission by antagonists or partial agonists of the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) also reduced nicotine self-administration and conditioned place preference. Based on these premises, we evaluated the effect of ARN15381, a multitarget compound showing FAAH inhibition and DRD3 partial agonist activity in the low nanomolar range, on nicotine self-administration in rats. Pretreatment with ARN15381 dose dependently decreased self-administration of a nicotine dose at the top of the nicotine dose/response (D/R) curve, while it did not affect self-administration of a nicotine dose laying on the descending limb of the D/R curve. Conversely, pretreatment with the selective FAAH inhibitor URB597 and the DRD3 partial agonist CJB090 failed to modify nicotine self-administration independent of the nicotine dose self-administered. Our data indicates that the concomitant FAAH inhibition and DRD3 partial agonism produced by ARN15381 is key to the observed reduction of nicotine self-administration, demonstrating that a multitarget approach may hold clinical importance for the treatment of tobacco use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lunerti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Hongwu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Italy; School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Changchung, 130012, China
| | | | - Qianwei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Ana Domi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Soverchia
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Carolina L Haass-Koffler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, USA
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4
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Asth L, Santos AC, Moreira FA. The endocannabinoid system and drug-associated contextual memories. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:90-104. [PMID: 33491992 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug abuse and addiction can be initiated and reinstated by contextual stimuli previously paired with the drug use. The influence exerted by the context on drug-seeking behaviour can be modelled in experimental animals with place-conditioning protocols. Here, we review the effects of cannabinoids in place conditioning and the therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system for interfering with drug-related memories. The phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) tends to induce conditioned place preference (CPP) at low doses and conditioned place aversion at high doses; cannabidiol is devoid of any effect, yet it inhibits CPP induced by some drugs. Synthetic CB1 receptor agonists tend to recapitulate the biphasic profile observed with THC, whereas selective antagonists/inverse agonists inhibit CPP induced by cocaine, nicotine, alcohol and opioids. However, their therapeutic use is limited by potential psychiatric side effects. The CB2 receptor has also attracted attention, because selective CB2 receptor agonists inhibit cocaine-induced CPP. Inhibitors of endocannabinoid membrane transport and hydrolysis yield mixed results. In targeting the endocannabinoid system for developing new treatments for drug addiction, future research should focus on 'neutral' CB1 receptor antagonists and CB2 receptor agonists. Such compounds may offer a well-tolerated pharmacological profile and curb addiction by preventing drug-seeking triggered by conditioned contextual cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Asth
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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5
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Saravia R, Ten-Blanco M, Pereda-Pérez I, Berrendero F. New Insights in the Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System and Natural Cannabinoids in Nicotine Dependence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13316. [PMID: 34948106 PMCID: PMC8715672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the main psychoactive component in tobacco smoke, plays a major role in tobacco addiction, producing a high morbidity and mortality in the world. A great amount of research has been developed to elucidate the neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems involved in such a complex addictive behavior. The endocannabinoid system, which has been reported to participate in the addictive properties of most of the prototypical drugs of abuse, is also implicated in nicotine dependence. This review summarizes and updates the main behavioral and biochemical data involving the endocannabinoid system in the rewarding properties of nicotine as well as in nicotine withdrawal and relapse to nicotine-seeking behavior. Promising results from preclinical studies suggest that manipulation of the endocannabinoid system could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Saravia
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marc Ten-Blanco
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.-B.); (I.P.-P.)
| | - Inmaculada Pereda-Pérez
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.-B.); (I.P.-P.)
| | - Fernando Berrendero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.T.-B.); (I.P.-P.)
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6
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On the Biomedical Properties of Endocannabinoid Degradation and Reuptake Inhibitors: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2072-2097. [PMID: 34741755 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of endogenous cannabinoids; components involved in their synthesis, transport, and degradation; and an expansive variety of cannabinoid receptors. Hypofunction or deregulation of the ECS is related to pathological conditions. Consequently, endogenous enhancement of endocannabinoid levels and/or regulation of their metabolism represent promising therapeutic approaches. Several major strategies have been suggested for the modulation of the ECS: (1) blocking endocannabinoids degradation, (2) inhibition of endocannabinoid cellular uptake, and (3) pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets. Here, we focused in this review on degradation/reuptake inhibitors over cannabinoid receptor modulators in order to provide an updated synopsis of contemporary evidence advancing mechanisms of endocannabinoids as pharmacological tools with therapeutic properties for the treatment of several disorders. For this purpose, we revisited the available literature and reported the latest advances regarding the biomedical properties of fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We also highlighted anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol reuptake inhibitors with promising results in pre-clinical studies using in vitro and animal models as an outlook for future research in clinical trials.
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7
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Pavón FJ, Polis IY, Stouffer DG, Cravatt BF, Roberto M, Martin-Fardon R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Parsons LH, Serrano A. Selective inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase is associated with passive coping behavior and attenuation of stress-induced dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100293. [PMID: 33490317 PMCID: PMC7809503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of the stress response, but the relative contribution of N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and their mechanisms have to be elucidated. In this study, we compared the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of the two major endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes [fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) for AEA and 2-AG, respectively] on stress-coping [forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST)] and anxiety-like [elevated-plus maze (EPM) and light-dark test (LDT)] behaviors in wild-type and FAAH knockout mice. In vivo microdialysis estimated the effects of FAAH and MAGL inhibition on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during an FST. Mice were treated with PF-3845 (FAAH inhibitor), JZL184 (MAGL inhibitor), JZL195 (dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor) or vehicle. Our data showed that PF-3845 increased latency to immobility and decreased total immobility time in FST, but no effects were observed in TST compared with vehicle-treated wild-type mice. By contrast, JZL184 decreased latency and increased immobility in TST and FST. JZL195 in wild-type mice and JZL184 in FAAH knockout mice reproduced the same passive coping behaviors as JZL184 in wild-type mice in TST and FST. In the microdialysis experiment, FST was associated with increased DA and 5-HT levels in the mPFC. However, JZL184-treated wild-type mice displayed a significant attenuation of forced swim stress-induced DA release compared with vehicle-treated wild-type mice and PF-3845-treated wild-type mice. Finally, FAAH and/or MAGL inhibitors induced robust and consistent anxiolytic-like effects in EPM and LDT. These results suggested differences between FAAH and MAGL inhibition in stress-coping behaviors. Notably, MAGL inhibition induced a consistent avoidant coping behavior and attenuated the stress-induced mPFC DA response in FST. However, more investigation is needed to elucidate the functional association between DA and 2-AG signaling pathways, and the molecular mechanism in the regulation of passive coping strategies during inescapable stress. FAAH and/or MAGL inhibition induce opposite changes in stress-coping behaviors. MAGL inhibition increases passive stress-coping behaviors in mice. Passive stress-coping behaviors are regulated by 2-AG rather than AEA signaling. MAGL inhibition attenuates mPFC dopamine increase in the forced swim test. FAAH and/or MAGL inhibitors are associated with anxiolytic-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Pavón
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,CIBERCV-Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Unidad de Gestión Clínica del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Ilham Y Polis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David G Stouffer
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Loren H Parsons
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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8
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Muldoon PP, Akinola LS, Schlosburg JE, Lichtman AH, Sim-Selley LJ, Mahadevan A, Cravatt BF, Damaj MI. Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase reduces nicotine reward in the conditioned place preference test in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108170. [PMID: 32479813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, the primary psychoactive component in tobacco, plays a major role in the initiation and maintenance of tobacco dependence and addiction, a leading cause of preventable death worldwide. An essential need thus exists for more effective pharmacotherapies for nicotine-use cessation. Previous reports suggest that pharmacological and genetic blockade of CB1 receptors attenuate nicotine reinforcement and reward; while exogenous agonists enhanced these abuse-related behaviors. In this study, we utilized complementary genetic and pharmacologic approaches to test the hypothesis that increasing the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachindonoylglycerol (2-AG), will enhance nicotine reward by stimulating neuronal CB1 receptors. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the primary catabolic enzyme of 2-AG, attenuates nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice, through a non-CB1 receptor-mediated mechanism. MAGL inhibition did not alter palatable food reward or Lithium Chloride (LiCl) aversion. In support of our findings, repeated MAGL inhibition did not induce a reduction in CB1 brain receptor levels or hinder function. To explore the potential mechanism of action, we investigated if MAGL inhibition affected other fatty acid levels in our CPP paradigm. Indeed, MAGL inhibition caused a concomitant decrease in arachidonic acid (AA) levels in various brain regions of interest, suggesting an AA cascade-dependent mechanism. This idea is supported by dose-dependent attenuation of nicotine preference by the selective COX-2 inhibitors valdecoxib and LM-4131. Collectively, these findings, along with our reported studies on nicotine withdrawal, suggest that inhibition of MAGL represents a promising new target for the development of pharmacotherapies to treat nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pretal P Muldoon
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lois S Akinola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Joel E Schlosburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Laura J Sim-Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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9
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Butler K, Le Foll B. Novel therapeutic and drug development strategies for tobacco use disorder: endocannabinoid modulation. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1065-1080. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1767581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Butler
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Acute Care Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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D3 dopamine receptors and a missense mutation of fatty acid amide hydrolase linked in mouse and men: implication for addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:745-752. [PMID: 31775159 PMCID: PMC7075906 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid and dopaminergic systems have independently been implicated in substance use disorder and obesity. We investigated a potential interaction between genetically inherited variation in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH, C385A), which metabolizes the cannabis-like endocannabinoid anandamide, and dopaminergic system, measured by dopamine receptor levels and mRNA. Binding of the dopamine D3 preferring probe [C-11]-(+)-PHNO was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) in 79 human subjects genotyped for the FAAH C385A polymorphism (36/79 AC + AA). Autoradiography with [H-3]-(+)-PHNO and in situ hybridization with a D3-specific S-35 riboprobe were carried out in 30 knock-in mice with the FAAH C385A polymorphism (20/30 AC + AA). We found that the FAAH genetic variant C385A was associated with significantly higher (+)-PHNO binding in both humans and in knock-in mice, and this effect was restricted to D3 selective brain regions (limbic striatum, globus pallidus, and ventral pallidum (9-14%; p < 0.04) in humans and Islands of Calleja (28%; p = 0.036) in mice). In situ hybridization with a D3-specific S-35 riboprobe in FAAH knock-in C385A mice confirmed significantly increased D3 receptor mRNA across examined regions (7-44%; p < 0.02). The association of reduced FAAH function with higher dopamine D3 receptors in human and mouse brain provide a mechanistic link between two brain systems that have been implicated in addiction-risk. This may explain the greater vulnerability for addiction and obesity in individuals with C385A genetic variant and by extension, suggest that a D3 antagonism strategy in substance use disorders should consider FAAH C385A polymorphism.
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11
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Agoglia AE, Zhu M, Ying R, Sidhu H, Natividad LA, Wolfe SA, Buczynski MW, Contet C, Parsons LH, Roberto M, Herman MA. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-1 Neurons in the Lateral Amygdala Display Selective Sensitivity to Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0420-19.2020. [PMID: 32041742 PMCID: PMC7059189 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0420-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral amygdala (LA) serves as the point of entry for sensory information within the amygdala complex, a structure that plays a critical role in emotional processes and has been implicated in alcohol use disorders. Within the amygdala, the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system has been shown to mediate some of the effects of both stress and ethanol, but the effects of ethanol on specific CRF1 receptor circuits in the amygdala have not been fully established. We used male CRF1:GFP reporter mice to characterize CRF1-expressing (CRF1+) and nonexpressing (CRF1-) LA neurons and investigate the effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on these populations. The CRF1+ population was found to be composed predominantly of glutamatergic projection neurons with a minority subpopulation of interneurons. CRF1+ neurons exhibited a tonic conductance that was insensitive to acute ethanol. CRF1- neurons did not display a basal tonic conductance, but the application of acute ethanol induced a δ GABAA receptor subunit-dependent tonic conductance and enhanced phasic GABA release onto these cells. Chronic ethanol increased CRF1+ neuronal excitability but did not significantly alter phasic or tonic GABA signaling in either CRF1+ or CRF1- cells. Chronic ethanol and withdrawal also did not alter basal extracellular GABA or glutamate transmitter levels in the LA/BLA and did not alter the sensitivity of GABA or glutamate to acute ethanol-induced increases in transmitter release. Together, these results provide the first characterization of the CRF1+ population of LA neurons and suggest mechanisms for differential acute ethanol sensitivity within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Agoglia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - ManHua Zhu
- Neuroscience Curriculum, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Rose Ying
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Harpreet Sidhu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Luis A Natividad
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy - Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Sarah A Wolfe
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Matthew W Buczynski
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - Candice Contet
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Loren H Parsons
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Melissa A Herman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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12
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Torres LH, Balestrin NT, Spelta LEW, Duro SDO, Pistis M, Marcourakis T. Exposure to tobacco smoke during the early postnatal period modifies receptors and enzymes of the endocannabinoid system in the brainstem and striatum in mice. Toxicol Lett 2019; 302:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Hirvonen J, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Gorelick DA, Lyoo CH, Rallis-Frutos D, Morse C, Zoghbi SS, Pike VW, Volkow ND, Huestis MA, Innis RB. Decreased Cannabinoid CB 1 Receptors in Male Tobacco Smokers Examined With Positron Emission Tomography. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:715-721. [PMID: 30121138 PMCID: PMC6388688 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed reduction of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in adults with cannabis and alcohol use disorders. Preclinical data suggest that these receptors also contribute to nicotine reward and dependence. Tobacco smoking may confound clinical studies of psychiatric disorders because many patients with such disorders smoke tobacco. Whether human subjects who smoke tobacco but are otherwise healthy have altered CB1 receptor binding in brain is unknown. METHODS We measured CB1 receptors in brains of 18 healthy men who smoke tobacco (frequent chronic cigarette smokers), and 28 healthy men who do not smoke tobacco, using positron emission tomography and [18F]FMPEP-d2, a radioligand for CB1 receptors. We collected arterial blood samples during scanning to calculate the distribution volume (VT), which is nearly proportional to CB1 receptor density. Repeated-measures analysis of variance compared VT between groups in various brain regions. RESULTS Brain CB1 receptor VT was about 20% lower in subjects who smoke tobacco than in subjects who do not. Decreased VT was found in all brain regions, but reduction did not correlate with years of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, or measures of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco-smoking healthy men have a widespread reduction of CB1 receptor density in brain. Reduction of CB1 receptors appears to be a common feature of substance use disorders. Future clinical studies on the CB1 receptor should control for tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Hirvonen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - David A. Gorelick
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Denise Rallis-Frutos
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Cheryl Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Sami S. Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health,,Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert B. Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
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14
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Keshavarzian E, Ghasemzadeh Z, Rezayof A. The basolateral amygdala dopaminergic system contributes to the improving effect of nicotine on stress-induced memory impairment in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:30-35. [PMID: 29775630 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stress seems to be an important risk factor in the beginning and continuing stages of cigarette tobacco smoking in humans. Considering that both of nicotine administration and stress exposure affect cognitive functions including memory formation, the aim of the present study was 1) to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of nicotine on memory formation under stress and 2) to assess the possible role of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the effect of nicotine on stress-induced memory retrieval impairment. Adult male wistar rats were bilaterally implanted in the BLA. A step-through type passive avoidance task was used to measure memory retrieval. To induce acute stress, the animals were placed on an elevated platform. The results showed that pre-test exposure to 20 and 30 min stress, but not 10 min, impaired memory retrieval. Nicotine administration (0.05 mg/kg, s.c.) improved stress-induced memory retrieval impairment. The activation of the BLA dopamine receptors via bilateral microinjection of apomorphine (0.025-0.4 μg/rat), a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist, potentiated the effect of nicotine on stress-induced memory retrieval impairment. Interestingly, intra-BLA microinjection of SCH23390 (a selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist; 0.02-0.5 μg/rat) or sulpiride (a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; 0.02-0.5 μg/rat) dose-dependently inhibited nicotine-induced improvement of the stress amnesic effect. Taken together, it can be concluded that stress-induced impairment of memory retrieval can be improved by nicotine administration. Moreover, the dopaminergic neurotransmission in the BLA through D1 and D2 receptors mediates the improving effect of nicotine on stress-induced memory retrieval impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Keshavarzian
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Bozinoff N, Le Foll B. Understanding the implications of the biobehavioral basis of nicotine addiction and its impact on the efficacy of treatment. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 12:793-804. [PMID: 30092681 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1507736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. There are efficacious behavioral and pharmacological options for smoking cessation including three FDA approved therapies - nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline and bupropion. Nevertheless, uptake of smoking cessation treatments continues to be poor and there is a need for novel smoking cessation treatments. Areas covered: This article reviews the biobehavioral basis of nicotine addiction, its implications for smoking cessation treatments, the various neurotransmitter systems involved in nicotine addictive effects, and their potential therapeutic value. Included are discussions around the role of genetic factors in predicting response to pharmacotherapy and what we know about appropriate application of pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions for tobacco use disorder. The evidence for harm reduction measures in individuals who are not willing or able to quit smoking is also reviewed. Expert commentary: Many neurotransmitter system targets have been investigated as a result of our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of tobacco use disorder, and there remain important targets that have yet to be fully explored. rTMS or combination therapies are proposed as possible novel strategies to improve smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Bozinoff
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Addiction Medicine Service, Acute Care Program , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,b Addiction Medicine Service, Acute Care Program , Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada.,c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,d Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH , Toronto , Canada.,e Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Canada
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