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Zhu S, Li J, Li Z, Wang Z, Wei Q, Shi F. Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on growth and intestinal health by regulating hypothalamic RNA profile and ileum microbiota in guinea pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4342-4353. [PMID: 38328855 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are commonly used in sweetened foods and beverages; however their role in metabolic regulation is still not clear. In this experiment, we used guinea pigs as an animal model to study the effect of NNS on body growth and intestinal health by modifying gut microbiota and hypothalamus-related proteins. RESULTS For a 28-day feeding experiment a total of 40 guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups, one control (CN) group and three treatments, in which three NNS were added to the diet: rebaudioside A (RA, 330 mg kg-1), sodium saccharin (SS, 800 mg kg-1), and sucralose (TGS, 167 mg kg-1), respectively. The TGS group exhibited significantly reduced food consumption in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05) whereas the RA group showed increased food consumption in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05). Notably, Taste receptor type 1 subunit 2 (T1R2) expression in the hypothalamus was significantly higher in the RA group than in the CN group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of appetite-stimulated genes arouti-related neuropeptide (AGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSHB) were significantly higher than those in the CN group (P < 0.05) but mRNA expressions of appetite-suppressed genes tryptophan hydroxylase 2(THP2) were significantly lower in the TGS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NNS in the guinea pig diets (RA, SS, TGS) significantly increased the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae but decreased the relative abundance of Clostridia_vadin BB60 in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05). We also found that dietary supplementation with RA also significantly altered the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. CONCLUSION Our finding confirmed that dietary supplementation with RA and TGS affected body growth and intestinal health by modulating hypothalamic RNA profiles and ileum microbiota, suggesting that NNS should be included in guinea-pig feeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanli Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Junrong Li
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Ghashghayi E, Zendehdel M, Khodadadi M, Rahmani B. Central dopaminergic, serotoninergic, as well as GABAergic systems mediate NMU-induced hypophagia in newborn chicken. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:353-363. [PMID: 35901030 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and GABAergic systems influence feeding; however, it is unknown how these chemicals interact with neuromedin U (NMU)-induced feeding in birds. In the current study, ten trials were conducted to determine the links between the above-mentioned systems and NMU. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the foremost experimentation, chickens were given intracerebroventricularly injections of NMU (0.1, 1, and 10 µg). NMU (10 µg), SCH23390 (5 nmol), a D1 receptor antagonist, and NMU + SCH23390 were administered in the second experiment. In subsequent experiments, instead of SCH23390, were applied AMI-193 (5 nmol D2 receptor antagonist), NGB2904 (6.4 nmol D3 receptor antagonist), L-741,742 (6 nmol D4 receptor antagonist), 6-OHDA (2.5 nmol dopamine inhibitor), SB242084 (5-HT2c receptor antagonist, 1.5 μg), 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A receptor agonist, 15.25 nmol), picrotoxin (GABAA receptor antagonist, 0.5 μg), and CGP54626 (GABAB receptor antagonist, 20 ng). Then, cumulative intake of food was recorded for 2 h. RESULTS According to the results, NMU reduced feeding when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The NMU-induced hypophagia was reduced with co-injection of NMU and SCH23390 (p < 0.05). Hypophagia was diminished with NMU and AMI-193 (p < 0.05). NMU + NGB2904 and NMU + L-741,742 co-injections had no influence (p > 0.05). 6-OHDA reduced the hypophagia (p < 0.05). NMU and SB242084 decreased the hypophagia (p < 0.05), whereas NMU and 8-OH-DPAT had no effect (p > 0.05). The effects were amplified with picrotoxin (p < 0.05). NMU with CGP54626 had no influence on the hypophagia (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Thus, NMU-induced hypophagia is probably mediated by D1/D2, 5-HT2c, and GABAA receptors in neonatal chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghashghayi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khodadadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Rahmani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Pałasz A, Worthington JJ, Filipczyk Ł, Saganiak K. Pharmacomodulation of brain neuromedin U signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1728-1736. [PMID: 37496289 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) belongs to a family of multifunctional neuropeptides that modulate the activity of several neural networks of the brain. Acting via metabotropic receptor NMUR2, NMU plays a role in the regulation of multiple systems, including energy homeostasis, stress responses, circadian rhythms, and endocrine signaling. The involvement of NMU signaling in the central regulation of important neurophysiological processes and its disturbances is a potential target for pharmacological modulation. Number of preclinical studies have proven that both modified NMU analogues such as PASR8-NMU or F4R8-NMU and designed NMUR2 agonists, for example, CPN-116, CPN-124 exhibit a distinct pharmacological activity especially when delivered transnasally. Their application can potentially be useful in the more convenient and safe treatment of obesity, eating disorders, Alzheimer's disease-related memory impairment, alcohol addiction, and sleep disturbances. Accumulating findings suggest that pharmacomodulation of the central NMU signaling may be a promising strategy in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Saganiak
- Department of Anatomy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Botticelli L, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Piergentili A, Quaglia W, Bonifazi A, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV. The neuromedin U system: Pharmacological implications for the treatment of obesity and binge eating behavior. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106875. [PMID: 37517560 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a bioactive peptide produced in the gut and in the brain, with a role in multiple physiological processes. NMU acts by binding and activating two G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), the NMU receptor 1 (NMU-R1), which is predominantly expressed in the periphery, and the NMU receptor 2 (NMU-R2), mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, NMU and NMU-R2 are consistently present in the hypothalamus, commonly recognized as the main "feeding center". Considering its distribution pattern, NMU revealed to be an important neuropeptide involved in the regulation of food intake, with a powerful anorexigenic ability. This has been observed through direct administration of NMU and by studies using genetically modified animals, which revealed an obesity phenotype when the NMU gene is deleted. Thus, the development of NMU analogs or NMU-R2 agonists might represent a promising pharmacological strategy to treat obese individuals. Furthermore, NMU has been demonstrated to influence the non-homeostatic aspect of food intake, playing a potential role in binge eating behavior. This review aims to discuss and summarize the current literature linking the NMU system with obesity and binge eating behavior, focusing on the influence of NMU on food intake and the neuronal mechanisms underlying its anti-obesity properties. Pharmacological strategies to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of NMU will also be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Botticelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, via Madonna delle Carceri, 9, Camerino 62032, Italy.
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Zhang C, Dong N, Xu S, Ma H, Cheng M. Identification of hub genes and construction of diagnostic nomogram model in schizophrenia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1032917. [PMID: 36313022 PMCID: PMC9614240 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1032917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), which is characterized by debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders with significant cognitive impairment, remains an etiological and therapeutic challenge. Using transcriptomic profile analysis, disease-related biomarkers linked with SCZ have been identified, and clinical outcomes can also be predicted. This study aimed to discover diagnostic hub genes and investigate their possible involvement in SCZ immunopathology. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to get SCZ Gene expression data. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and enriched by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and disease ontology (DO) analysis. The related gene modules were then examined using integrated weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Single-sample gene set enrichment (GSEA) was exploited to detect immune infiltration. SVM-REF, random forest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms were used to identify hub genes. A diagnostic model of nomogram was constructed for SCZ prediction based on the hub genes. The clinical utility of nomogram prediction was evaluated, and the diagnostic utility of hub genes was validated. mRNA levels of the candidate genes in SCZ rat model were determined. Finally, 24 DEGs were discovered, the majority of which were enriched in biological pathways and activities. Four hub genes (NEUROD6, NMU, PVALB, and NECAB1) were identified. A difference in immune infiltration was identified between SCZ and normal groups, and immune cells were shown to potentially interact with hub genes. The hub gene model for the two datasets was verified, showing good discrimination of the nomogram. Calibration curves demonstrated valid concordance between predicted and practical probabilities, and the nomogram was verified to be clinically useful. According to our research, NEUROD6, NMU, PVALB, and NECAB1 are prospective biomarkers in SCZ and that a reliable nomogram based on hub genes could be helpful for SCZ risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifu Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shihan Xu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jamali S, Aliyari Shoorehdeli M, Daliri MR, Haghparast A. Differential Aspects of Natural and Morphine Reward-related Behaviors in Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:731-744. [PMID: 37313024 PMCID: PMC10258599 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.3071.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural rewards are essential for survival. However, drug-seeking behaviors can be maladaptive and endanger survival. The present study was conducted to enhance our understanding of how animals respond to food and morphine as natural and drug rewards, respectively, in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Methods We designed a protocol to induce food CPP and compare it as a natural reward with morphine CPP in rats. The protocol for reward induction in both groups (foods and morphine) consisted of three phases: pre-test, conditioning, and post-test. In morphine groups, we injected morphine as a reward (5 mg/kg, SC). To induce natural reward, we used two different protocols. In the first one, the rats were deprived of food for 24 h. In the other method, the rats were restricted to food for 14 days. During the conditioning period, the animals received daily chow, biscuits, or popcorn as a reward inducer. Results Results revealed that CPP was not induced in food-deprived rats. A combination of food restriction (as a facilitator) and a biscuit or popcorn-induced reward using CPP. In contrast, food deprivation did not facilitate food CPP in response to regular food. Interestingly the CPP score of the group which received biscuits during a 7-day conditioning period was more than that of the morphine group. Conclusion In conclusion, food restriction could be a better protocol than food deprivation to facilitate food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shole Jamali
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aliyari Shoorehdeli
- Department of Mechatronics, School of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Piwowarczyk-Nowak A, Pałasz A, Bogus K, Krzystanek M, Błaszczyk I, Worthington JJ, Grajoszek A. Modulatory effect of long-term treatment with escitalopram and clonazepam on the expression of anxiety-related neuropeptides: neuromedin U, neuropeptide S and their receptors in the rat brain. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9041-9049. [PMID: 35690686 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newly identified multifunctional peptidergic modulators of stress responses: neuromedin U (NMU) and neuropeptide S (NPS) are involved in the wide spectrum of brain functions. However, there are no reports dealing with potential molecular relationships between the action of diverse anxiolytic or antidepressant drugs and NMU and NPS signaling in the brain. The present work was therefore focused on local expression of the aforementioned stress-related neuropeptides in the rat brain after long-term treatment with escitalopram and clonazepam. METHODS Studies were carried out on adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into 3 groups: animals injected with saline (control) and experimental individuals treated with escitalopram (at single dose 5 mg/kg daily), and clonazepam (at single dose 0.5 mg/kg). All individuals were sacrificed under anaesthesia and the whole brain excised. Total mRNA was isolated from homogenized samples of amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum and brainstem. Real time-PCR method was used for estimation of related NPS, NPS receptor (NPSR), NMU, NMU and receptor 2 (NMUR2) mRNA expression. The whole brains were also sliced for general immunohistochemical assessment of the neuropeptides expression. RESULTS Chronic administration of clonazepam resulted in an increase of NMU mRNA expression and formation of NMU-expressing fibers in the amygdala, while escitalopram produced a significant decrease in NPSR mRNA level in hypothalamus. Long-term escitalopram administration affects the local expression of examined neuropeptides mRNA in a varied manner depending on the brain structure. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacological effects of escitalopram may be connected with local at least partially NPSR-related alterations in the NPS/NMU/NMUR2 gene expression at the level selected rat brain regions. A novel alternative mode of SSRI action can be therefore cautiously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Piwowarczyk-Nowak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ziolowa 45/47 Katowice 40- 635, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Błaszczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
| | - Aniela Grajoszek
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 4, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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Piwowarczyk-Nowak A, Pałasz A, Suszka-Świtek A, Della Vecchia A, Grajoszek A, Krzystanek M, Worthington JJ. Escitalopram alters local expression of noncanonical stress-related neuropeptides in the rat brain via NPS receptor signaling. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:637-653. [PMID: 35653031 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a multifunctional regulatory factor that exhibits a potent anxiolytic activity in animal models. However, there are no reports dealing with the potential molecular relationships between the anxiolytic activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and NPS signaling, especially in the context of novel stress-related neuropeptides action. The present work therefore focused on gene expression of novel stress neuropeptides in the rat brain after acute treatment with escitalopram and in combination with neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) blockade. METHODS Studies were carried out on adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into five groups: animals injected with saline (control) and experimental rats treated with escitalopram (at single dose 10 mg/kg daily), escitalopram and SHA-68, a selective NPSR antagonist (at a single dose of 40 mg/kg), SHA-68 alone and corresponding vehicle (solvent SHA-68) control. To measure anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity the open field test was performed. All individuals were killed under anaesthesia and the whole brain was excised. Total mRNA was isolated from homogenized samples of the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem. Real-time PCR was used for estimation of related NPS, NPSR, neuromedin U (NMU), NMU receptor 2 (NMUR2) and nesfatin-1 precursor nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) gene expression. RESULTS Acute escitalopram administration affects the local expression of the examined neuropeptides mRNA in a varied manner depending on brain location. An increase in NPSR and NUCB2 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and brainstem was abolished by SHA-68 coadministration, while NMU mRNA expression was upregulated after NPSR blockade in the hippocampus and cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological effects of escitalopram may be connected with local NPSR-related alterations in NPS/NMU/NMUR2 and nesfatin-1 gene expression at the level of selected rat brain regions. A novel alternative mode of SSRI action can be therefore cautiously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Piwowarczyk-Nowak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 67, Via Roma, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aniela Grajoszek
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 4, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ziolowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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Gholami Ahmadabadi K, Zendehdel M, Vazir B, Asghari A, Babapour V. Possible effects of the central adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors on hypophagia induced by neuromedin S in neonatal layer-type chicks. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 321-322:114032. [PMID: 35331741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to determine the possible effects of the central adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors in neuromedin S (NMS)-induced hypophagia in neonatal layer-type chickens. In the first experiment, control solution, and NMS (0.25, 0.5, and 1 nmol), were injected (intracerebroventricular (ICV)) in chickens. In the second experiment, birds were injected with a control solution,SCH23390 (D1receptor antagonist, 5 nmol), NMS (1 nmol), and a combination of the SCH23390 + NMS. Experiments 3-11 were similar to experiment 2, except that chickens were injected withAMI-193 (D2receptor antagonist, 5 nmol), NGB2904(D3receptor antagonist, 6.4 nmol), L-741,742(D4receptor antagonist, 6 nmol), 6-OHDA(6-hydroxydopamine, 2.5 nmol),Prazosin(α1receptor antagonist, 10 nmol),Yohimbine(α2receptor antagonist, 13 nmol),Metoprolol(β1receptor antagonist receptor, 24 nmol),ICI 118,551 (β2receptor antagonist, 5 nmol),SR 59230R (β3 receptor antagonist, 20 nmol) instead ofSCH23390. Then, cumulative food intake was recorded at 30, 60, and 120 min following the injection. According to the results, food intake was significantly decreased after ICV injection of NMS in a dose -dependent manner (P < 0.05). Also, the co-injection of the SCH23390 + NMS significantly attenuated NMS-induced hypophagia (P < 0.05). The co-administration of AMI-193 + NMS significantly reduced NMS- induced hypophagia (P < 0.05). In addition, the co-injection of ICI 118,551 + NMS and 6-OHDA + NMS considerably decreased NMS-induced food consumption (P < 0.05). However, NGB2904, L-741742, Prazosin, Yohimbine, Metoprolol and SR 59230R had no effect on hypophagia induced by NMS (P > 0.05). These results demonstrated thatNMS- induced hypophagia might be mediated by D1/D2 dopaminergic andβ2adrenergic receptors in neonatal layer-type chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Gholami Ahmadabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bita Vazir
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahamd Asghari
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahab Babapour
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453 Tehran, Iran
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Piwowarczyk-Nowak A, Pałasz A, Suszka-Świtek A, Błaszczyk I, Bogus K, Łasut-Szyszka B, Krzystanek M, Worthington JJ. Effect of Escitalopram on the Number of DCX-Positive Cells and NMUR2 Receptor Expression in the Rat Hippocampus under the Condition of NPSR Receptor Blockade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:631. [PMID: 35631458 PMCID: PMC9143903 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a multifunctional regulatory factor that exhibits a potent anxiolytic activity in animal models. However, there are no reports dealing with the potential molecular interactions between the activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and NPS signaling, especially in the context of adult neurogenesis and the expression of noncanonical stress-related neuropeptides such as neuromedin U (NMU). The present work therefore focused on immunoexpression of neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR2) and doublecortin (DCX) in the rat hippocampus after acute treatment with escitalopram and in combination with selective neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) blockade. METHODS Studies were carried out on adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into five groups: animals injected with saline (control) and experimental individuals treated with escitalopram (at single dose 10 mg/kg daily), escitalopram + SHA-68, a selective NPSR antagonist (at single dose 40 mg/kg), SHA-68 alone, and corresponding vehicle control. All animals were sacrificed under halothane anaesthesia. The whole hippocampi were quickly excised, fixed, and finally sliced for general qualitative immunohistochemical assessment of the NPSR and NMUR2 expression. The number of immature neurons was enumerated using immunofluorescent detection of doublecortin (DCX) expression within the subgranular zone (SGZ). RESULTS Acute escitalopram administration affects the number of DCX and NMUR2-expressing cells in the adult rat hippocampus. A decreased number of DCX-expressing neuroblasts after treatment with escitalopram was augmented by SHA-68 coadministration. CONCLUSIONS Early pharmacological effects of escitalopram may be at least partly connected with local NPSR-related alterations of neuroblast maturation in the rat hippocampus. Escitalopram may affect neuropeptide and DCX-expression starting even from the first dose. Adult neurogenesis may be regulated via paracrine neuropeptide S and NMU-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Piwowarczyk-Nowak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.-Ś.); (I.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.-Ś.); (I.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Iwona Błaszczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.-Ś.); (I.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.-Ś.); (I.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Barbara Łasut-Szyszka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ziolowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - John J. Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK;
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11
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Qi X, Liu P, Wang Y, Xue J, An Y, Zhao C. Insights Into the Research Status of Neuromedin U: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis From 1987 to 2021. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:773000. [PMID: 35273971 PMCID: PMC8901607 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.773000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a regulatory peptide that is widely distributed throughout the body and performs a variety of physiological functions through its corresponding receptors. In recent years, NMU has become the focus of attention in various fields of research as its diverse and essential functions have gradually been elucidated. However, there have been no bibliometrics studies on the development trend and knowledge structure of NMU research. Therefore, in this study, we used VOSviewer software to statistically analyze scientific data from articles related to NMU to track the developmental footprint of this research field, including relevant countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. We retrieved a total of 338 papers related to NMU, written by 1,661 authors from 438 organizations of 41 countries that were published in 332 journals. The first study on NMU was reported by a group in Japan in 1985. Subsequently, nine articles on NMU were published from 1987 to 2006. A small leap in this field could be detected in 2009, with 30 articles published worldwide. Among the various countries in which this research has been performed, Japan and the United States have made the most outstanding contributions. Miyazato M, Kangawa K, and Mori K from the Department of Biochemistry, National Retrain and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute in Japan were the most productive authors who have the highest number of citations. Keyword analysis showed six clusters: central-nervous-system, homeostasis, energy metabolism, cancer, immune inflammation, and food intake. The three most highly cited articles were associated with inflammation. Overall, this study demonstrates the research trends and future directions of NMU, providing an objective description of the contributions in this field along with reference value for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Qi
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinmei Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunfang An
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Key Research Laboratory of Airway Neuroimmunology, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Neuromedin U, a Key Molecule in Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084238. [PMID: 33921859 PMCID: PMC8074168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a public health concern. The leading cause of obesity is an energy imbalance between ingested and expended calories. The mechanisms of feeding behavior and energy metabolism are regulated by a complex of various kinds of molecules, including anorexigenic and orexigenic neuropeptides. One of these neuropeptides, neuromedin U (NMU), was isolated in the 1980s, and its specific receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2, were defined in 2000. A series of subsequent studies has revealed many of the physiological roles of the NMU system, including in feeding behavior, energy expenditure, stress responses, circadian rhythmicity, and inflammation. Particularly over the past decades, many reports have indicated that the NMU system plays an essential and direct role in regulating body weight, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and insulin secretion, which are tightly linked to obesity pathophysiology. Furthermore, another ligand of NMU receptors, NMS (neuromedin S), was identified in 2005. NMS has physiological functions similar to those of NMU. This review summarizes recent observations of the NMU system in relation to the pathophysiology of obesity in both the central nervous systems and the peripheral tissues.
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13
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Anan M, Higa R, Shikano K, Shide M, Soda A, Carrasco Apolinario ME, Mori K, Shin T, Miyazato M, Mimata H, Hikida T, Hanada T, Nakao K, Kangawa K, Hanada R. Cocaine has some effect on neuromedin U expressing neurons related to the brain reward system. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03947. [PMID: 32462086 PMCID: PMC7240118 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) is a bioactive neuropeptide, highly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. NMU has various physiological functions related to feeding behavior, energy metabolism, stress responses, circadian rhythmicity and inflammation. Recently, several reports indicate that the central NMU system plays an important role in the reward systems in the brain. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully defined. In this study, we found that some of cocaine-induced c-Fos immunoreactive cells were co-localized with NMU in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate putamen (CPu), and basolateral amygdala (BLA), which are key brain regions associated with the brain reward system, in wild type mice. Whereas, a treatment with cocaine did not influence the kinetics of NMU or NMU receptors mRNA expression in these brain regions, and NMU-knockout mice did not show any higher preference for cocaine compared with their control mice. These results indicate that cocaine has some effect on NMU expressing neurons related to the brain reward system, and this suggests NMU system may have a role on the brain reward systems activated by cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Anan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryoko Higa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Shikano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masahito Shide
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Akinobu Soda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Mori
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reiko Hanada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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14
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Vallöf D, Kalafateli AL, Jerlhag E. Brain region-specific neuromedin U signalling regulates alcohol-related behaviours and food intake in rodents. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12764. [PMID: 31069918 PMCID: PMC7187236 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Albeit neuromedin U (NMU) attenuates alcohol‐mediated behaviours, its mechanisms of action are poorly defined. Providing that the behavioural effects of alcohol are processed within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell, anterior ventral tegmental area (aVTA), and laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg), we assessed the involvement of NMU signalling in the aforementioned areas on alcohol‐mediated behaviours in rodents. We further examined the expression of NMU and NMU receptor 2 (NMUR2) in NAc and the dorsal striatum of high compared with low alcohol‐consuming rats, as this area is of importance in the maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Finally, we investigated the involvement of NAc shell, aVTA and LDTg in the consumption of chow and palatable peanut butter, to expand the link between NMU and reward‐related behaviours. We demonstrated here, that NMU into the NAc shell, but not aVTA or LDTg, blocked the ability of acute alcohol to cause locomotor stimulation and to induce memory retrieval of alcohol reward, as well as reduced peanut butter in mice. In addition, NMU into NAc shell decreased alcohol intake in rats. On a molecular level, we found increased NMU and decreased NMUR2 expression in the dorsal striatum in high compared with low alcohol‐consuming rats. Both aVTA and LDTg, rather than NAc shell, were identified as novel sites of action for NMU's anorexigenic properties in mice based on NMU's ability to selectively reduce chow intake when injected to these areas. Collectively, these data indicate that NMU signalling in different brain areas selectively modulates different behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vallöf
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of PharmacologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Aimilia Lydia Kalafateli
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of PharmacologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of PharmacologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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15
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Grimm JW. Incubation of food craving in rats: A review. J Exp Anal Behav 2019; 113:37-47. [PMID: 31709556 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of food craving is an abstinence-dependent increase in responding for reward-paired cues. Incubation of craving was first reported for rats responding for cocaine-paired cues, and later generalized to several drugs of abuse and for food. Incubation of drug and food craving has been reported in clinical studies as well. Incubation of food craving by rats has been reported for standard chow as well as for high fat and sucrose reinforcers. Parametric and other evaluations of the incubation of food craving reveal manipulations that reduce incubation, including environmental enrichment and pharmacological manipulation of dopamine, glutamate, and endogenous opiates. Several brain regions are likely involved in the effect, including mesolimbic terminals and the central nucleus of the amygdala. Further study of the incubation of food craving could facilitate development of treatments for cravings that precede relapse characteristic of drug and food addictions.
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16
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Vestlund J, Kalafateli AL, Studer E, Westberg L, Jerlhag E. Neuromedin U induces self-grooming in socially-stimulated mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107818. [PMID: 31647973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggest that appetite-regulating peptides modulate social behaviors. We here investigate whether the anorexigenic peptide neuromedin U (NMU) modulates sexual behavior in male mice. However, instead of modulating sexual behaviors, NMU administered into the third ventricle increased self-grooming behavior. In addition, NMU-treatment increased self-grooming behavior when exposed to other mice or olfactory social-cues, but not when exposed to non-social environments. As the neuropeptide oxytocin is released during social investigation and exogenous oxytocin induces self-grooming, its role in NMU-induced self-grooming behavior was investigated. In line with our hypothesis, the oxytocin receptor antagonist inhibited NMU-induced self-grooming behavior in mice exposed to olfactory social-cues. Moreover, dopamine in the mesocorticolimbic system is known to be a key regulator of self-grooming behavior. In line with this, we proved that infusion of NMU into nucleus accumbens increased self-grooming behavior in mice confronted with an olfactory social-cue and that this behavior was inhibited by antagonism of dopamine D2, but not D1/D5, receptors. Moreover repeated NMU treatment enhanced ex vivo dopamine levels and decreased the expression of dopamine D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens in socially housed mice. On the other hand, the olfactory stimuli-dependent NMU-induced self-grooming was not affected by a corticotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist, and NMU-treatment did not influence repetitive behaviors in the marble burying test. In conclusion, our results suggest that NMU treatment and, social cues - potentially triggering oxytocin release - together induce excessive grooming behavior in male mice. The mesolimbic dopamine system, including accumbal dopamine D2 receptors, was identified as a crucial downstream mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Vestlund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aimilia Lydia Kalafateli
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Studer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Westberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Jerlhag
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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