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Spelta LEW, Real CC, Bruno V, Buchpiguel CA, Garcia RCT, Torres LH, de Paula Faria D, Marcourakis T. Impact of cannabidiol on brain glucose metabolism of C57Bl/6 male mice previously exposed to cocaine. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25327. [PMID: 38588037 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence of the beneficial effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in animal models of cocaine use disorder (CUD), CBD neuronal mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of CBD treatment on brain glucose metabolism, in a CUD animal model, using [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET). Male C57Bl/6 mice were injected with cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 9 days, followed by 8 days of CBD administration (30 mg/kg, i.p.). After 48 h, animals were challenged with cocaine. Control animals received saline/vehicle. [18F]FDG PET was performed at four time points: baseline, last day of sensitization, last day of withdrawal/CBD treatment, and challenge. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized and immunohistochemistry was performed on the hippocampus and amygdala to assess the CB1 receptors, neuronal nuclear protein, microglia (Iba1), and astrocytes (GFAP). Results showed that cocaine administration increased [18F]FDG uptake following sensitization. CBD treatment also increased [18F]FDG uptake in both saline and cocaine groups. However, animals that were sensitized and challenged with cocaine, and those receiving only an acute cocaine injection during the challenge phase, did not exhibit increased [18F]FDG uptake when treated with CBD. Furthermore, CBD induced modifications in the integrated density of NeuN, Iba, GFAP, and CB1R in the hippocampus and amygdala. This is the first study addressing the impact of CBD on brain glucose metabolism in a preclinical model of CUD using PET. Our findings suggest that CBD disrupts cocaine-induced changes in brain energy consumption and activity, which might be correlated with alterations in neuronal and glial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Emmanuela Wiazowski Spelta
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vitor Bruno
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Helena Torres
- Department of Food and Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Melgar-Locatelli S, Mañas-Padilla MC, Gavito AL, Rivera P, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Castilla-Ortega E, Castro-Zavala A. Sex-specific variations in spatial reference memory acquisition: Insights from a comprehensive behavioral test battery in C57BL/6JRj mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114806. [PMID: 38086456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in declarative memory are described in humans, revealing a female or a male advantage depending on the task. Specifically, spatial memory (i.e., spatial navigation) is typically most efficient in men. This sexual dimorphism has been replicated in male rats but not clearly in mice. In this study, sex differences in spatial memory were assessed in thirty-six C57BL/6 J mice (Janvier Labs; i.e., C57BL/6JRj mice), a widely used mouse substrain. Both male and female mice (12 weeks-old) were subjected to standard behavioral paradigms: the elevated plus maze, the open field test, the novel object and place tests, the forced swimming test, and the water maze test for spatial navigation. Across assessment, no sex differences were found in measures of locomotor activity, emotional and behavioral responses, and object and place recognition memories. In the water maze, male mice were faster in learning the platform location in the reference memory training and used more spatial strategies during the first training days. However, both sexes reached a similar asymptotic performance and performed similarly in the probe trial for long-term memory consolidation. No sex differences were found in the cued training, platform inversion sessions, or spatial working memory sessions. Hippocampal expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor was similar in both sexes, either in basal conditions or after performing the behavioral training battery. Importantly, female mice were not more variable than males in any measure analyzed. This outcome encourages the investigation of sex differences in animal models and the usefulness of including female mice in behavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana L Gavito
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Spain; Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos 'José Mataix', Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Spain; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
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3
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Galeano P, de Ceglia M, Mastrogiovanni M, Campanelli L, Medina-Vera D, Campolo N, Novack GV, Rosell-Valle C, Suárez J, Aicardo A, Campuzano K, Castaño EM, Do Carmo S, Cuello AC, Bartesaghi S, Radi R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Morelli L. The Effect of Fat Intake with Increased Omega-6-to-Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio in Animal Models of Early and Late Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17009. [PMID: 38069333 PMCID: PMC10707298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to clarify the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake on the adult brain affected by amyloid pathology. McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg) rat and 5xFAD Tg mouse models that represent earlier or later disease stages were employed. The animals were exposed to a control diet (CD) or an HFD based on corn oil, from young (rats) or adult (mice) ages for 24 or 10 weeks, respectively. In rats and mice, the HFD impaired reference memory in wild-type (WT) animals but did not worsen it in Tg, did not cause obesity, and did not increase triglycerides or glucose levels. Conversely, the HFD promoted stronger microglial activation in Tg vs. WT rats but had no effect on cerebral amyloid deposition. IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 plasma levels were increased in Tg rats, regardless of diet, while CXCL1 chemokine levels were increased in HFD-fed mice, regardless of genotype. Hippocampal 3-nitrotyrosine levels tended to increase in HFD-fed Tg rats but not in mice. Overall, an HFD with an elevated omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio as compared to the CD (25:1 vs. 8.4:1) did not aggravate the outcome of AD regardless of the stage of amyloid pathology, suggesting that many neurobiological processes relevant to AD are not directly dependent on PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galeano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Lorenzo Campanelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gisela V. Novack
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Adrián Aicardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República, Av. Ricaldoni S/N, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Karen Campuzano
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Eduardo M. Castaño
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - A. Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; (S.D.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay; (M.M.); (N.C.); (A.A.); (S.B.); (R.R.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av. Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Unidad Clínica de Neurología, IBIMA y Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Av. Carlos Haya 82, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.d.C.); (D.M.-V.); (C.R.-V.)
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (P.G.); (L.C.); (G.V.N.); (K.C.); (E.M.C.)
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4
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Mañas-Padilla MC, Melgar-Locatelli S, Vicente L, Gil-Rodríguez S, Rivera P, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Castilla-Ortega E. Temozolomide treatment inhibits spontaneous motivation for exploring a complex object in mice: A potential role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in "curiosity". J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:548-560. [PMID: 36515664 PMCID: PMC10107499 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic exploratory biases are an innate motivation for exploring certain types of stimuli or environments over others, and they may be associated with cognitive, emotional, and even personality-like traits. However, their neurobiological basis has been scarcely investigated. Considering the involvement of the hippocampus in novelty recognition and in spatial and pattern separation tasks, this work researched the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in intrinsic exploratory bias for a perceptually complex object in mice. Spontaneous object preference tasks revealed that both male and female C57BL/6J mice showed a consistent unconditioned preference for exploring "complex"-irregular-objects over simpler ones. Furthermore, increasing objects' complexity resulted in an augmented time of object exploration. In a different experiment, male mice received either vehicle or the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) for 4 weeks, a pharmacological treatment that reduced AHN as evidenced by immunohistochemistry. After assessment in a behavioral test battery, the TMZ-treated mice did not show any alterations in general exploratory and anxiety-like responses. However, when tested in the spontaneous object preference task, the TMZ-treated mice did not display enhanced exploration of the complex object, as evidenced both by a reduced exploration time-specifically for the complex object-and a lack of preference for the complex object over the simple one. This study supports a novel role of AHN in intrinsic exploratory bias for perceptual complexity. Moreover, the spontaneous complex object preference task as a rodent model of "curiosity" is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lucía Vicente
- Centro de Experimentación y Conducta Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Gil-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Melilla, Melilla, Spain.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos 'José Mataix', Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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5
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Mañas‐Padilla MC, Tezanos P, Cintado E, Vicente L, Sánchez‐Salido L, Gil‐Rodríguez S, Trejo JL, Santín LJ, Castilla‐Ortega E. Environmental enrichment alleviates cognitive and psychomotor alterations and increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cocaine withdrawn mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13244. [PMID: 36577726 PMCID: PMC9786803 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine is a widely used psychostimulant drug whose repeated exposure induces persistent cognitive/emotional dysregulation, which could be a predictor of relapse in users. However, there is scarce evidence on effective treatments to alleviate these symptoms. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to be associated with improved synaptic function and cellular plasticity changes related to adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), resulting in cognitive enhancement. Therefore, EE could mitigate the negative impact of chronic administration of cocaine in mice and reduce the emotional and cognitive symptoms present during cocaine abstinence. In this study, mice were chronically administered with cocaine for 14 days, and control mice received saline. After the last cocaine or saline dose, mice were submitted to control or EE housing conditions, and they stayed undisturbed for 28 days. Subsequently, mice were evaluated with a battery of behavioural tests for exploratory activity, emotional behaviour, and cognitive performance. EE attenuated hyperlocomotion, induced anxiolytic-like behaviour and alleviated cognitive impairment in spatial memory in the cocaine-abstinent mice. The EE protocol notably upregulated AHN in both control and cocaine-treated mice, though cocaine slightly reduced the number of immature neurons. Altogether, these results demonstrate that EE could enhance hippocampal neuroplasticity ameliorating the behavioural and cognitive consequences of repeated administration of cocaine. Therefore, environmental stimulation may be a useful strategy in the treatment cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Mañas‐Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del ComportamientoUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Patricia Tezanos
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceCajal Institute, Spanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - Elisa Cintado
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceCajal Institute, Spanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - Lucía Vicente
- Centro de Experimentación AnimalUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain,Departamento de PsicologíaUniversidad de DeustoBilbaoSpain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez‐Salido
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud MentalHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Sara Gil‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del ComportamientoUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - José L. Trejo
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceCajal Institute, Spanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del ComportamientoUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Estela Castilla‐Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del ComportamientoUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
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Sampedro‐Piquero P, Moreno‐Fernández RD, Begega A, López M, Santín LJ. Long-term consequences of alcohol use in early adolescent mice: Focus on neuroadaptations in GR, CRF and BDNF. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13158. [PMID: 35229955 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the cognitive and emotional state, as well as related-changes in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression of adolescent C57BL/6J male mice after a 5-week two-bottle choice protocol (postnatal day [pd]21 to pd52). Additionally, we wanted to analyse whether the behavioural and neurobiological effects observed in late adolescence (pd62) lasted until adulthood (pd84). Behavioural testing revealed that alcohol during early adolescence increased anxiety-like and compulsive-related behaviours, which was maintained in adulthood. Concerning cognition, working memory was only altered in late adolescent mice, whereas object location test performance was impaired in both ages. In contrast, novel object recognition remained unaltered. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that alcohol during adolescence diminished BDNF+ cells in the cingulate cortex, the hippocampal CA1 layer and the central amygdala. Regarding hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) functioning, alcohol abuse increased the GR and CRF expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the central amygdala. Besides this, GR density was also higher in the prelimbic cortex and the basolateral amygdala, regardless of the animals' age. Our findings suggest that adolescent alcohol exposure led to long-term behavioural alterations, along with changes in BDNF, GR and CRF expression in limbic brain areas involved in stress response, emotional regulation and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sampedro‐Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Azucena Begega
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Matías López
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
| | - Luis J. Santín
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Málaga Málaga Spain
- Neuroimmunology and NeuroInflammation Department Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMA Málaga Spain
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7
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Mañas-Padilla MC, Ávila-Gámiz F, Gil-Rodríguez S, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Castilla-Ortega E. Persistent changes in exploration and hyperactivity coexist with cognitive impairment in mice withdrawn from chronic cocaine. Physiol Behav 2021; 240:113542. [PMID: 34332975 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Repeated cocaine exposure induces lasting neurobehavioral adaptations such as cognitive decline in animal models. However, persistent changes in spontaneous -unconditioned- motor and exploratory responses are scarcely reported. In this study, mice were administered with cocaine (20 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 consecutive days. After 24 days of drug abstinence, a behavioral assessment was carried out in drug-free conditions and in unfamiliar environments (i.e. no cocaine-associated cues were presented). The cocaine-withdrawn mice showed cognitive deficits in spontaneous alternation behavior and place recognition memory. Importantly, they also displayed hyperlocomotion, increased rearing activity and altered exploratory patterns in different tasks. In the forced swimming test, they were more active (struggled/climbed more) when trying to escape from the water albeit showing normal immobility behavior. In conclusion, in addition to cognitive deficits, chronic cocaine in rodents may induce long-lasting alterations in exploratory activity and psychomotor activation that are triggered even in absence of drug-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga Spain
| | - Fabiola Ávila-Gámiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga Spain
| | - Sara Gil-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga Spain
| | - David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Spain
| | - Luis J Santín
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga Spain.
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Málaga Spain.
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Salivary Cortisol Levels Are Associated with Craving and Cognitive Performance in Cocaine-Abstinent Subjects: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100682. [PMID: 32992573 PMCID: PMC7600918 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex upon the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Assessment of cortisol in saliva has emerged as a reliable way of evaluating HPA function. We examined the relationships between salivary cortisol levels with both craving and cognitive performance, as a possible biomarker of cocaine addiction. Cognitive performance (attention, declarative and working memory, executive functions and recognition of emotions) was assessed in 14 abstinent cocaine-dependent subjects in outpatient treatment and 13 control participants. Three salivary samples were collected at home by all the participants in the morning, afternoon and at bedtime. Patients showed higher levels of cortisol in the morning, as well as higher area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg). Regarding cognitive performance, cocaine-abstinent subjects showed worse performance in attention (d2 test), verbal memory (Spanish Complementary Verbal Learning Test, TAVEC) and executive tests (Tower of Hanoi and phonological fluency test) with respect to the control group. Morning cortisol levels and the AUCg index were negatively associated with the age of onset of drug consumption and the AUCg index was also positively associated with craving in our patients' group. Moreover, morning cortisol levels, as well as the AUCg index, were negatively associated with verbal memory performance. Therefore, our pilot study suggests that salivary cortisol measurements could be a good avenue to predict craving level, as well as cognitive status, especially the declarative memory domain.
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