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Rajendran NK, Liu W, Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Alcohol and vascular endothelial function: Biphasic effect highlights the importance of dose. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1467-1477. [PMID: 37369447 PMCID: PMC10751391 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol (ethanol) consumption has different influences on arterial disease, being protective or harmful depending on the amount and pattern of consumption. The mechanisms mediating these biphasic effects are unknown. Whereas endothelial cells play a critical role in maintaining arterial health, this study compared the effects of moderate and high alcohol concentrations on endothelial cell function. METHODS Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were treated with levels of ethanol associated with either low-risk/moderate drinking (i.e., 25 mM) or high-risk/heavy drinking (i.e., 50 mM) after which endothelial function was assessed. The effect of ethanol's primary metabolite acetaldehyde (10 and 25 μM) was also determined. RESULTS Moderate ethanol exposure (25 mM) improved HCAEC barrier integrity as determined by increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), inhibited cell adhesion molecule (CAM) mRNA expression, decreased inflammatory cytokine (interferon-γ and interleukin 6) production, inhibited monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and monocyte adhesion, and increased homeostatic Notch signaling. In contrast, exposure to high-level ethanol (50 mM) decreased TEER, increased CAM expression and inflammatory cytokine production, and stimulated MCP-1 and monocyte adhesion, with no effect on Notch signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity were increased by both alcohol treatments, and to a greater extent in the 50 mM ethanol group. Acetaldehyde-elicited responses were generally the same as those of the high-level ethanol group. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol has biphasic effects on several endothelial functions such that a moderate level maintains the endothelium in a nonactivated state, whereas high-level ethanol causes endothelial dysfunction, as does acetaldehyde. These data show the importance of dose when considering ethanol's effects on arterial endothelium, and could explain, in part, the J-shaped relationship between alcohol concentration and atherosclerosis reported in some epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh K Rajendran
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Xiong HM, Li HY, Lin ZR, Liu XM, Bai LP, Zhang W, Jiang ZH, Zhu GY. Chemical Constituents from the Fruits of Amomum kravanh and Their Role in Activating Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Molecules 2023; 28:4878. [PMID: 37375433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism is a worldwide health problem, and diseases caused by alcoholism are killing people every year. Amomum kravanh is a traditional Chinese medicine used to relieve hangovers. However, whether its bioactive components improve alcohol metabolism is not clear. In this study, ten new (amomumols A-J, 1-10) and thirty-five known (11-45) compounds were isolated from the fruits of Amomum kravanh by an activity-guided separation. Ten novel compounds were identified as four sesquiterpenoids (1-4), three monoterpene derivatives (5-7), two neolignans (8, 9), and a novel norsesquiterpenoid (10) with a new C14 nor-bisabolane skeleton. Their structures were determined by the comprehensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. The effects of all isolated compounds on the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase were evaluated in vitro, and it was found that eight compounds (11, 12, 15, 18, 26, and 36-38) exhibited significant activation effects on the alcohol dehydrogenase at 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hui-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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Park SH, Lee YS, Sim J, Seo S, Seo W. Alcoholic liver disease: a new insight into the pathogenesis of liver disease. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:447-459. [PMID: 35761115 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption contributes to a broad clinical spectrum of liver diseases, from simple steatosis to end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is the primary organ that metabolizes ingested alcohol and is exquisitely sensitive to alcohol intake. Alcohol metabolism is classified into two pathways: oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolism. Both oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolisms and their metabolites have toxic consequences for multiple organs, including the liver, adipose tissue, intestine, and pancreas. Although many studies have focused on the effects of oxidative alcohol metabolites on liver damage, the importance of non-oxidative alcohol metabolites in cellular damage has also been discovered. Furthermore, extrahepatic alcohol effects are crucial for providing additional information necessary for the progression of alcoholic liver disease. Therefore, studying the effects of alcohol-producing metabolites and interorgan crosstalk between the liver and peripheral organs that express ethanol-metabolizing enzymes will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. This review focuses on alcohol-metabolite-associated hepatotoxicity due to oxidative and non-oxidative alcohol metabolites and the role of interorgan crosstalk in alcoholic liver disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Sim
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonkyung Seo
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Lab of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, #52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03765, Republic of Korea.
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Park JH, Han K, Hong JY, Park YS, Park JO. Association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk differs by glycaemic status: A nationwide cohort study. Eur J Cancer 2022; 163:119-127. [PMID: 35065369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dose-response association between alcohol consumption and the subsequent pancreatic cancer risk by individuals' glycaemic status is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD This large-scale nationwide cohort study included 9,514,171 adults without cancer who underwent health examinations under the Korean National Health Insurance Service in 2009 and were followed-up until December 2017 for pancreatic cancer development. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 7.3 years, 12,818 patients were newly-diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Among individuals with normoglycemia, a J-shaped association was observed between the frequency of alcohol consumption (1-2 and ≥5 days/week: hazards ratio [HR]; 95% CI, 0.91; 0.85-0.97 and 1.13; 1.002-1.27, respectively) and pancreatic cancer risk, after adjusting for potential confounders. However, in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), pancreatic cancer risk increased with increased frequency and average daily amount of alcohol consumption (all P for trend <0.01). IFG combined with heavy alcohol consumption (30 g/day) was associated with 38% increased pancreatic cancer risk (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.23-1.54). Diabetes was associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risk regardless of alcohol consumption and 70% increased risk even in non-drinkers (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.61-1.80). CONCLUSIONS The J-shaped dose-response association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk was observed only in individuals with normoglycemia, not in patients with IFG and diabetes. Complete alcohol abstinence may help reduce pancreatic cancer risk in patients with IFG and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Trends of Hospitalization for Acute Alcohol Intoxication in Slovenian Children and Adolescents with and without Dual Disorder. Implications for a Correct Intervention. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072122. [PMID: 32640558 PMCID: PMC7408642 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Binge drinking and other forms of ethanol abuse are, when present, a serious problem in preteens and adolescents worldwide. Aim: The present study has analyzed the trend in alcohol-related intoxications requiring the hospitalization of children, adolescents and young adults aged less than 21 years in Slovenia in the 1999–2018 period. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on patients discharged after hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders due to acute alcohol intoxication (MBDAAI) or hospitalizations due to the toxic effects of alcohol (TEA We considered three groups: children (aged 10–14), adolescents (aged 15–19) and young adults (20–21 years old). Hospitalization rates and time trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression to obtain the annually calculated age- and sex-specific rates and the annual percentage of change (APC). Results: Considering a total of 2912 MBDAAI-hospitalizations, 15–19-year-old subjects showed a significantly higher hospitalization rate compared to the immediately younger and older age groups and a significant increase in hospitalization rates in the period 1999–2011, followed by a significant decrease. Considering 1143 TEA-hospitalizations, we observed a continuous decrease in the hospitalization rates for children and young adults and, conversely, a continuous even if less than significant increase for adolescents aged 15–19. Conclusions: Alcohol consumption in Slovenian children and adolescents is a highly important health concern. Special attention to public health problem of severe alcohol abuse requiring hospitalization in children and adolescents is needed, especially with possible crisis of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 situation.
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LoConte NK, Brewster AM, Kaur JS, Merrill JK, Alberg AJ. Alcohol and Cancer: A Statement of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:83-93. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.76.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol drinking is an established risk factor for several malignancies, and it is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer. The Cancer Prevention Committee of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) believes that a proactive stance by the Society to minimize excessive exposure to alcohol has important implications for cancer prevention. In addition, the role of alcohol drinking on outcomes in patients with cancer is in its formative stages, and ASCO can play a key role by generating a research agenda. Also, ASCO could provide needed leadership in the cancer community on this issue. In the issuance of this statement, ASCO joins a growing number of international organizations by establishing a platform to support effective public health strategies in this area. The goals of this statement are to: • Promote public education about the risks between alcohol abuse and certain types of cancer; • Support policy efforts to reduce the risk of cancer through evidence-based strategies that prevent excessive use of alcohol; • Provide education to oncology providers about the influence of excessive alcohol use and cancer risks and treatment complications, including clarification of conflicting evidence; and • Identify areas of needed research regarding the relationship between alcohol use and cancer risk and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle K. LoConte
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Abenaa M. Brewster
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Judith S. Kaur
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Janette K. Merrill
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Anthony J. Alberg
- Noelle K. LoConte, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI; Abenaa M. Brewster, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Judith S. Kaur, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Janette K. Merrill, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, VA; and Anthony J. Alberg, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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