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Fang P, Adkins-Hempel M, Lischka T, Basile S, Rindal DB, Carpenter MJ, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Dahne J, Helseth SA, Levy DE, Truong A, Leo MC, Funkhouser K, Louis DR, Japuntich SJ. A National Dental Practice-Based Research Network phase II, cluster-randomized clinical trial assessing nicotine replacement therapy sampling in dental settings: study protocol for the Free Samples for Health (FreSH) study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:1007. [PMID: 39198824 PMCID: PMC11360338 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking has major detrimental effects on oral health. Tobacco interventions in dental settings are effective, but rarely delivered. The American Dental Hygienists Association recommends that oral health providers: Ask patients about tobacco use, Advise quitting tobacco use, and Refer to state quitlines (Ask-Advise-Refer; AAR). While AAR connects patients to counseling, it does not directly connect patients to medication. Nicotine replacement therapy sampling (NRTS) is an empirically supported intervention to provide starter packs of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to people who smoke. NRTS combined with AAR could be an effective tobacco treatment intervention for dental settings. METHODS This manuscript describes the study protocol for the Free Samples for Health (FreSH) study, a group randomized clinical trial testing the effectiveness of NRTS + AAR vs. AAR alone on long-term smoking abstinence. Fifty dental practices in the Midwest and Northeast nodes of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network are randomly assigned to provide AAR and either a 2-week supply of 14-mg nicotine patches and 4-mg nicotine lozenges (NRTS condition) or an electric toothbrush (ET condition). Approximately 1,200 patients who currently smoke-regardless of interest in quitting- are recruited during dental visits. Participants complete a baseline survey in-person, then after visit, 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up surveys remotely. The primary outcome is carbon monoxide-confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence from combustible tobacco measured at 6 months post-enrollment. Secondary outcomes include: 24-h intentional quit attempts, change in cigarettes smoked per day, NRT utilization, attitudes toward NRT, intention to use NRT, and intention to quit smoking. A key informant process evaluation and cost effectiveness analysis will provide information for future implementation of NRTS. DISCUSSION This is the first clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of NRTS on promoting smoking cessation in dental settings. If effective, this treatment could be implemented to increase the provision of smoking cessation interventions in dental settings to provide an additional treatment access point for people who smoke. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClincalTrials.gov (NCT05627596) on 11/25/2022.
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Grants
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- UH3-DE-029973, U19-DE-028717 and U01-DE-028727 NIDCR NIH HHS
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Fang
- Behavioral Health Equity Research Group, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, 701 Park Ave. S9.104, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Melissa Adkins-Hempel
- Behavioral Health Equity Research Group, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, 701 Park Ave. S9.104, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Tamara Lischka
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Sarah Basile
- HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd , Ave. S MS 21112R, Minneapolis, MN, 55440, USA
| | - D Brad Rindal
- HealthPartners Institute, 8170 33rd , Ave. S MS 21112R, Minneapolis, MN, 55440, USA
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dorota T Kopycka-Kedzierawski
- Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, 625 Elmwood Ave., Box 683, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Jennifer Dahne
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah A Helseth
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. St. Clair St., Suite 2000, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center and Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arthur Truong
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Kimberly Funkhouser
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - David R Louis
- Health Partners Dental Group, 8455 Flying Cloud Dr., Eden Prairie, MN, 55344, USA
| | - Sandra J Japuntich
- Behavioral Health Equity Research Group, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, 701 Park Ave. S9.104, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA.
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, & Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin Healthcare, 900 S. 8th St., G5, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA.
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, Suite 131, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
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Japuntich SJ, Dunbar MS, Predmore Z, Bloom EL, Fang P, Basile S, Rindal DB, Waiwaiole LA, Carpenter MJ, Kopycka-Kedzierawski DT, Dahne J, Lischka TR, Richardson P. Dental staff and patient attitudes about nicotine replacement therapy samples in dental care: A National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024; 52:440-451. [PMID: 38095239 PMCID: PMC11176262 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoking negatively affects oral health. Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT; e.g. nicotine patch or lozenge) and brief interventions (e.g. Ask-Advise-Refer; AAR) can improve cessation outcomes but are underutilized. NRT sampling (NRTS) increases NRT utilization by providing patients with samples of NRT as part of routine healthcare. Ask-Advise-Refer is a brief intervention where practitioners: ask patients about tobacco use, advise those using tobacco to quit and refer to the state quit line. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore dental care practitioners' and patients' attitudes and experiences regarding tobacco cessation treatment and perceptions of two brief intervention models, assessed separately: NRTS and AAR. METHODS Twenty-four dental care practitioners and nine patients, recruited through the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. Interviews assessed experiences with tobacco use intervention and attitudes towards NRTS and AAR. Thematic analysis identified emergent themes related to feasibility and acceptability of NRTS and AAR. RESULTS Practitioners varied on how they address tobacco use, from systematically to idiosyncratically. Some practitioners recommend NRT; few had prescribed it. Practitioners had favourable attitudes towards AAR and NRTS, with most believing that both interventions would be acceptable and feasible to implement. Concerns regarding AAR were time and patient resistance to discussing tobacco use. Concerns regarding NRTS were patient resistance to using NRT, side effects or medication interactions, and capacity to provide follow-up. Patients reported that oral health practitioners generally ask about tobacco use but do not provide interventions. Patients were open to discussing their tobacco use with practitioners and had favourable attitudes about NRTS. CONCLUSIONS This formative work suggests that NRTS and AAR may be feasible to implement in dental care settings. Future studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and implementation potential of NRTS in dental care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Japuntich
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael S Dunbar
- Health Care Division, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Predmore
- Health Care Division, RAND Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Pearl Fang
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah Basile
- Health Partners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | - D Brad Rindal
- Health Partners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa A Waiwaiole
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dorota T Kopycka-Kedzierawski
- Department of Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Dahne
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tamara R Lischka
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Batı BÇ, Buduneli N, Meriç P. Examining awareness of tobacco's oral health effects: Dentists' role in smoking cessation among dental patients. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-41. [PMID: 38370493 PMCID: PMC10870343 DOI: 10.18332/tid/176227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco products are well-known as a major risk factor for systemic and oral diseases. Dentists may play an important role in the prevention and progression of oral problems related to smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness about the poor oral health effects of tobacco products and the role of dentists in smoking cessation among dental patients. METHODS A survey containing 40 questions was prepared, and patients seeking dental treatment between June and October 2019 at the School of Dentistry, Ege University, were asked to participate. The survey included demographic variables in the first part, habits of using tobacco products in the second part, relations between smoking and oral health, and the possible role of dentists in smoking cessation in the last part. Data were tested statistically by Mann Whitney U and chi-squared tests. RESULTS A total of 501 patients participated in the survey; more than half of the participants were non-smokers (63.7%). Cigarettes (95.06%), hookah (7.69%), e-cigarettes (2.75%), and cigars (1.65%) were the most frequently consumed tobacco products. The biggest obstacle to quitting smoking was 'having smoker friends'. The rate of non-smokers (41.4%) agreeing that smoking is related to periodontal diseases was more than that of smokers (32.4%) (p<0.05). The most known side effect of tobacco products was halitosis (81.6%). Half of the respondents (46.7%) did not know about dentists' role in helping them quit smoking. The rate of participants previously recommended by a dentist to quit smoking was only 36%. CONCLUSIONS The aesthetic and social consequences of using tobacco products are well known, but smokers are substantially less aware than non-smokers of the relationship between tobacco products and oral diseases. The present findings suggest that dentists should inform their patients about the detrimental effects of tobacco products and play an active role in advising them to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Çalışkan Batı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Meriç
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
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Chan HL, Chan AKY, Chu CH, Tsang YC. Smoking cessation in dental setting: a narrative review on dental professionals' attitude, preparedness, practices and barriers. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1266467. [PMID: 37808607 PMCID: PMC10552527 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1266467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of smoking cessation program into routine oral health care has been advocated by World Health Organization since it brings extensive benefits to oral health. By tobacco cessation, patients are less prone to progression of periodontal disease, have less future tooth loss, have reduced risks of oral mucosal lesions and head and neck cancers. Evidence indicates that dentists are in a favorable position to deliver effective smoking cessation advice to improve patients' oral health. This article aims to present the current situation of smoking cessation in dental setting, including dental management of smoking patients, perceptions of dentists and dental students towards smoking cessation, challenges dental professionals face when carrying out cessation interventions. Patients' perspectives are also evaluated to provide a clearer picture of smoking cessation practice in the dental field. Review of past surveys show most patients welcome smoking cessation advice from dental practitioners. Meanwhile dentists may have wrong assumption that patients would disapprove them if they advise patient to quit smoking. On top of that, main obstacles identified are lack of training, inadequate treatment time and insufficient knowledge towards smoking cessation guidelines and referral routes. With regard to the potential barriers, evidence demonstrates that more trainings on smoking cessation strategies are needed. Future research in this aspect is also indicated to further foster the practice of smoking cessation counselling in dental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Y. C. Tsang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Virk I, Agnihotri A, Sood P, Arora R, Bansal N. Tobacco Turmoil in Teens and Preparedness of Pediatric Dentists: A Global Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:483-488. [PMID: 37496949 PMCID: PMC10367299 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco use amongst adolescents causes significant health problems affecting almost all organs and has a significant effect on normal growth and development. Smoker adolescents are also more prone to oral health problems than nonsmokers. Pediatric dentists can play a significant role in providing tobacco cessation counseling to adolescents. Aim To assess the knowledge (K), perceptions (PR), training, and practices (PE) of pediatric dentists related to the provision of tobacco cessation interventions. Materials and methods A cross-sectional online survey with convenience sampling was planned to assess the K, PR, training, and PE of pediatric dentists across the globe in dealing with tobacco menace amongst adolescents. The survey was done through a self-administered questionnaire in the form of an online Google Form. The study population consisted of pediatric dentists attending the International Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (IAPD) virtual conference 2021. Results A total of 1,564 participants were targeted and 235 answered the survey with a response rate of 15.02%. Attending tobacco cessation intervention (p ≤ 0.001) and training in postgraduation on tobacco cessation (p ≤ 0.002) showed significant association with favorable practice scores. However, in the PR domain age in years (p ≤ 0.043), country of residence (continent, p ≤ 0.001) was found to be significantly associated with attending tobacco cessation intervention (p < 0.001) and training in postgraduation (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of the study emphasize the need for recommendations for educating pediatric dentists by the inclusion of tobacco cessation interventions in the core curriculum, continuing dental education programs, and promoting professional responsibility to help achieve tobacco-free youth all across the globe. How to cite this article Virk I, Agnihotri A, Sood P, et al. Tobacco Turmoil in Teens and Preparedness of Pediatric Dentists: A Global Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):483-488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayaat Virk
- Department of General Dentistry, University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Archana Agnihotri
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University (PU), Chandigarh, India
| | - Poonam Sood
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University (PU), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rosy Arora
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University (PU), Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Bansal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University (PU), Chandigarh, India
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Pilot trial of nicotine replacement therapy sampling in a dental care clinic. J Smok Cessat 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2019.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionNicotine replacement therapy sampling (NRTS) refers to providing all smokers, regardless of interest in quitting, with free samples of over-the-counter NRT. NRTS has been shown to increase quit attempts and abstinence.AimsWe conducted a pilot trial with a goal to establish the feasibility and acceptability of NRTS in a dental clinic, where providing free samples is routine and universal.MethodsParticipants (N = 30) completed a baseline survey and were randomized to receive or not receive a 2-week supply of NRT samples (14 mg patches and 4 mg lozenges) in a 3:1 ratio.ResultsWe enrolled 30 of 50 potentially eligible patients, of whom 26 completed a 4-week follow-up survey. At follow-up, 61% of the NRT group reported use of the samples and 26% said they used more NRT obtained on their own. In the No NRT group, only one patient reported using NRT. No patients reported past week abstinence, but 43% of the NRT group vs. 29% of the No NRT group reported making a quit attempt lasting longer than 24 h.ConclusionsThe pattern of results suggests that conducting a larger trial would be feasible and that the NRTS intervention was acceptable to dental patients.
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Erku DA, Gartner CE, Tengphakwaen U, Morphett K, Steadman KJ. Nicotine vaping product use, harm perception and policy support among pharmacy customers in Brisbane, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:703-711. [PMID: 31486151 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Despite regulatory barriers for accessing nicotine liquid, use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) has increased rapidly in Australia. Legal use of NVPs to aid smoking cessation requires a prescription, and pharmacies report receiving enquiries about the use of and access to NVPs. In this study, we assessed vaping product use, harm perception and policy support among community pharmacy customers. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among customers (n = 470) from a large community pharmacy chain in Brisbane, Australia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine perception of NVPs as less harmful than combustible cigarettes and regulatory recommendations in relation to demographics, smoking status and NVP use. RESULTS Almost one-third of the sample (31%) had either tried NVPs in the past (16%) or were current vapers (15%), the majority of them being current smokers (67%) who are trying to quit (31%) or substitute smoking (41%). Vapers primarily depended on family/friends as a source of information (76%). Current smokers and vapers were more likely to perceive NVPs as less harmful than cigarettes than non-smokers and non-vapers. Perceiving NVPs as safer than cigarettes was correlated with a recommendation to regulate as a tobacco product. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS There was widespread misperception about relative risk of nicotine-containing products, with 37% of respondents perceiving nicotine-containing NVPs to be as harmful as combustible cigarettes. Community pharmacies represent an ideal setting for educating smokers about smoking and vaping. Thus, pharmacy staff needs educational support to ensure that they are equipped to provide current evidence-based information to customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Erku
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Coral E Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia.,Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | | | - Kylie Morphett
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Steadman
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
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Cockburn N, Gartner C, Ford PJ. Smoking behaviour and preferences for cessation support among clients of an Indigenous community-controlled health service. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:676-682. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cockburn
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Pauline J. Ford
- School of Dentistry; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
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Alexandridi F, Tsantila S, Pepelassi E. Smoking cessation and response to periodontal treatment. Aust Dent J 2017; 63:140-149. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Alexandridi
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - S Tsantila
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - E Pepelassi
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
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A Pilot Study into the Association between Oral Health Status and Human Papillomavirus-16 Infection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:diagnostics7010011. [PMID: 28257064 PMCID: PMC5373020 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the next 20 years, oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) will represent the majority of head and neck cancers (HNCs) in the United States. It is estimated that human papillomavirus (HPV) may account for as much as 70% to 80% of OPCs in North America and in certain parts of Europe. It is hence crucial to understand the disease risk factors and natural history of oral HPV infections. We hypothesized that poor oral health (by measures such as poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease) leads to a higher degree of oral HPV-16 infections within a patient cohort from a dental school clinic. This study aims to test this hypothesis and gauge possible disease associations before larger scale studies. Subjects and Methods: 223 participants were recruited in this study from the University of Queensland Dental School clinic. Clinical oral health parameters (such as oral hygiene measures and periodontal disease measurements) have been examined and determined by dental professionals. We have collected oral rinse samples from these volunteers. Results: 10 (4.5%) out of 223 participants were found to have HPV-16 DNA in their oral rinse samples using NB2 endpoint PCR and Sanger sequencing. Within the HPV-16 DNA positive subjects, 7 (70%) and 3 (30%) were associated with poor oral hygiene and periodontal disease, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show a trend towards a positive correlation between oral HPV-16 infection and poor clinical oral health status.
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Gallus S, Lugo A, Garattini S, Pacifici R, Mastrobattista L, Marzo G, Paglia L. General Practitioners and Dentists: A Call for Action Against Tobacco. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:2202-2208. [PMID: 27613892 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the frequency of advice to quit smoking received by the Italian population from general practitioners (GP) and dentists, we analyzed a cross-sectional study. METHODS A face-to-face survey was conducted in 2014 on 3052 individuals, representative of the general Italian population aged 15 years or more. RESULTS During the previous year, 89% of individuals (82% of smokers) reported that they had visited a GP while 71% (67% of smokers) had visited a dentist. Among smokers, 25% reported that they had received advice to quit smoking from their GP, and 26% from their dentist. Advice by GPs was less frequently received by smokers with higher education (multivariate odds ratios (OR) were 0.48 for intermediate and 0.38 for high as compared to low education), and more frequently by heavy smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day; OR = 1.78), those with intention to quit (OR = 2.59), with previous quit attempts (OR = 2.09), and those aware of the existence of smoking cessation services (OR = 1.59). Advice by dentists was more frequently received by smokers aged 25-44 years (OR = 3.55 compared to those aged 15-24) and those with an intention to quit (OR = 2.46). Among Italian current smokers, 32% reported that their GP and 17% that their dentist was a current smoker. The corresponding figures among young smokers were 40% and 26%, respectively. CONCLUSION Healthcare providers have the potential to become a key reference point in the fight against smoking. However, before acting, GPs and dentists should set a good example: those who smoke should urgently quit or at least refrain from smoking during working hours. IMPLICATIONS GPs and dentists, reaching the large majority of Italian smokers, can make a major contribution in the fight against tobacco. Future studies are needed to investigate possible reasons of the apparently high smoking prevalence among GPs, in order to develop tailored smoking cessation interventions for healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Gallus
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Garattini
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mastrobattista
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luigi Paglia
- Department of Maternal and Child Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione dell'Istituto Stomatologico Italiano (ISI), Milan, Italy
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