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Yarborough BJH, Stumbo SP, Janoff SL, Keast EM, Leo MC, Leitz SJ. Reduced emergency department use among insured individuals receiving extended-release buprenorphine in a health system setting. Drug Alcohol Depend Rep 2024; 11:100233. [PMID: 38699647 PMCID: PMC11063592 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Bup) is associated with reduced opioid use and opioid negative urine drug screens. Little is known about its use in outpatient addiction care provided within health systems. Methods Individuals prescribed XR-Bup were identified from electronic health records; chart abstraction was conducted. Primary outcome was all-cause emergency department (ED) use. Secondary outcomes included ED use or inpatient stays for mental health or substance use, ED use for any other cause, discontinuation reasons, and drug substitution. Statistical comparisons used nonparametric tests from related samples (McNemar's test and Wilcoxon matched pair tests) to test outcomes six months prior and 6 months following XR-Bup initiation. Results 152 individuals had an XR-Bup order, 126 received >1 injection. Among those consistently insured 6 months prior to and following XR-Bup initiation (n=99), the mean number of injections following initiation was 3.95; one-third received 6 doses in the 6 months. The proportion of individuals using ED services for all causes declined (41% prior vs. 28% following XR-Bup initiation, p<.05); similar results were found for secondary ED use outcomes. The proportion of individuals requiring inpatient treatment for mental health or substance use also declined (46% vs. 16%, p<.01). Common reasons for discontinuing XR-Bup included losing insurance (21%) or cost (11%). The most common non-prescribed substances used during treatment were opioids (n=31) and THC (n=20). Conclusions In this non-randomized retrospective observational study, use of XR-Bup was associated with reduced ED use 6 months following initiation. XR-Bup may help health systems reduce use of costly ED services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi Jo H. Yarborough
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
- Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Scott P. Stumbo
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Shannon L. Janoff
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Erin M. Keast
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
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2
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Coronado GD, Nyongesa DB, Petrik AF, Thompson JH, Escaron AL, Pham T, Leo MC. The Reach of Calls and Text Messages for Mailed FIT Outreach in the PROMPT Stepped-Wedge Colorectal Cancer Screening Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:525-533. [PMID: 38319289 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach can improve colorectal cancer screening participation. We assessed the reach and effectiveness of adding notifications to mailed FIT programs. METHODS We conducted secondary analyses of a stepped-wedge evaluation of an enhanced mailed FIT program (n = 15 clinics). Patients were stratified by prior FIT completion. Those with prior FIT were sent a text message (Group 1); those without were randomized 1:1 to receive a text message (Group 2) or live phone call (Group 3). All groups were sent automated phone call reminders. In stratified analysis, we measured reach and effectiveness (FIT completion within 6 months) and assessed patient-level associations using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Patients (n = 16,934; 83% Latino; 72% completed prior FIT) were reached most often by text messages (78%), followed by live phone calls (71%), then automated phone calls (56%). FIT completion was higher in patients with prior FIT completion versus without [44% (Group 1) vs. 19% (Group 2 + Group 3); P < 0.01]. For patients without prior FIT, effectiveness was higher in those allocated to a live phone call [20% (Group 3) vs. 18% (Group 2) for text message; P = 0.04] and in those who personally answered the live call (28% vs. 9% no call completed; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Text messages reached the most patients, yet effectiveness was highest in those who personally answered the live phone call. IMPACT Despite the broad reach and low cost of text messages, personalized approaches may more successfully boost FIT completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria D Coronado
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Amanda F Petrik
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Anne L Escaron
- AltaMed Health Services Corporation, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tuan Pham
- AltaMed Health Services Corporation, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
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3
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Petrik AF, Johnson ES, Slaughter M, Leo MC, Thompson J, Mummadi R, Jimenez R, Hussain S, Coronado G. The recalibration and redevelopment of a model to calculate patients' probability of completing a colonoscopy following an abnormal fecal test. J Med Screen 2024; 31:28-34. [PMID: 37661831 PMCID: PMC10909915 DOI: 10.1177/09691413231195568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is an effective screening tool for colorectal cancer. If an FIT is abnormal, a follow-up colonoscopy is necessary to remove polyps or find cancers. We sought to develop a usable risk prediction model to identify patients unlikely to complete a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test. METHODS We recalibrated and then redeveloped a prediction model in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), using a retrospective cohort of patients aged 50-75 with an abnormal FIT test and clinical data. Logistic and Cox regressions were used to recalibrate and then redevelop the model. RESULTS The initial risk model used data from eight FQHCs (26 clinics) including 1723 patients. When we applied the model to a single large FQHC (34 clinics, 884 eligible patients), the model did not recalibrate successfully (c-statistic dropped more than 0.05, from 0.66 to 0.61). The model was redeveloped in the same FQHC in a cohort of 1401 patients with a c-statistic of 0.65. CONCLUSIONS The original model developed in a group of FQHCs did not adequately recalibrate in the single large FQHC. Health system, patient characteristics or data differences may have led to the inability to recalibrate the model. However, the redeveloped model provides an adequate model for the single FQHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F. Petrik
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Eric S. Johnson
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew Slaughter
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jamie Thompson
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Raj Mummadi
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Syed Hussain
- SeaMar Community Health Centers, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gloria Coronado
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
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4
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Vesco KK, Brooks NB, Francisco MC, Leo MC, Anderson TM, Kalter M, Clark AL. Resident training to optimize patient-focused menopause management: a multispecialty menopause curriculum to enhance knowledge and preparedness. Menopause 2024; 31:93-100. [PMID: 38166240 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surveys of residents in obstetrics and gynecology, internal medicine, and family medicine have demonstrated low levels of knowledge and comfort in treating patients with menopausal symptoms, suggesting a need for improved training during residency. To address this problem, we used a flipped classroom design to deliver a novel menopause curriculum for medical residents. The curriculum included six podcast episodes followed by an interactive case-based classroom session. We then assessed effects of the curriculum on the residents' knowledge and preparedness to manage menopause symptoms. METHODS We targeted 200 residents (43 obstetrics and gynecology, 86 internal medicine, and 71 family medicine) from six residency programs from 2019 to 2020. Of these, 115 (58%) completed both pre- and postcurriculum assessments, including a 15-item knowledge test and self-ratings of their knowledge, comfort, and preparedness to manage menopause. RESULTS Following the curriculum, the proportion of correctly answered knowledge questions rose from 60.8% to 79.1% (+18.3%; 95% confidence interval, 15.4-21.2; Cohen's d = 1.2). Improvement did not significantly differ by specialty or year of residency. There were higher gains for residents who listened to the entirety of all six podcast episodes ( b = 11.4, P < 0.001) and who attended the classroom session ( b = 11.6, P = 0.003). Residents' self-ratings of knowledge, comfort, and preparedness also improved following the curriculum across all medical specialties (Cohen's d = 0.47-1.2). Residents rated the podcast format as convenient (73%) and effective (65%) compared with an equivalent amount of reading. CONCLUSIONS Pairing a podcast with a classroom discussion was found to be an effective combination for improving menopause knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neon B Brooks
- From the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Melanie C Francisco
- From the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Michael C Leo
- From the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | | | - Marlene Kalter
- From the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
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Gilmore MJ, Leo MC, Amendola LM, Goddard KAB, Hunter JE, Joseph G, Kauffman TL, Rolf B, Shuster E, Zepp JM, Wilfond BS, Biesecker BB. Evaluation of mailed results versus telephone disclosure of normal cancer genetic test results in a low-risk underserved population. Transl Behav Med 2024:ibad084. [PMID: 38190737 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Scalable models for result disclosure are needed to ensure large-scale access to genomics services. Research evaluating alternatives to genetic counseling suggests effectiveness; however, it is unknown whether these findings are generalizable across populations. We assessed whether a letter is non-inferior to telephone genetic counseling to inform participants with no personal or family history of cancer of their normal results. Data were collected via self-report surveys before and after result disclosure (at 1 and 6 months) in a study sample enriched for individuals from underserved populations. Primary outcomes were subjective understanding of results (global and aggregated) and test-related feelings, ascertained via three subscales (uncertainty, negative emotions, and positive feelings) of the Feelings About genomiC Testing Results (FACToR) measure. Secondary outcomes related to satisfaction with communication. Non-inferiority tests compared outcomes among disclosure methods. Communication by letter was inferior in terms of global subjective understanding of results (at 1 month) and non-inferior to telephoned results (at 6 months). Letter was non-inferior to telephone for aggregated understanding (at 6 months). Letter was superior (at 1 month) to telephone on the uncertainty FACToR subscale. Letter was non-inferior to telephone on the positive-feelings FACToR subscale (at 6 months). Letter was non-inferior to telephone for satisfaction with mode of result delivery and genetic test results. Communication via letter was inferior to telephone in communicating the "right amount of information." The use of written communication to relay normal results to low-risk individuals is a promising strategy that may improve the efficiency of care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jessica Ezzell Hunter
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
- Genomics, Ethics, and Translational Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bradley Rolf
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jamilyn M Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Turbitt E, Kohler JN, Brothers KB, Outram SM, Rini C, Sahin-Hodoglugil N, Leo MC, Biesecker BB. The Parent PrU: A measure to assess personal utility of pediatric genomic results. Genet Med 2024; 26:100994. [PMID: 37838931 PMCID: PMC10842058 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to adapt and validate an existing patient-reported outcome measure, the personal-utility (PrU) scale, for use in the pediatric genomic context. METHODS We adapted the adult version of the PrU and obtained feedback from 6 parents whose child had undergone sequencing. The resulting measure, the Parent PrU, was administered to parents of children in 4 pediatric cohorts of the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research consortium after they received their children's genomic results. We investigated the measure's structural validity and internal consistency. RESULTS We conducted a principal-axis factor analysis with oblimin rotation on data from 755 participants to determine structural validity. These analyses yielded a 3-factor solution, accounting for 76% of the variance in the 16 items. We used Cronbach's α to assess the internal consistency of each factor: (1) child benefits (α = .95), (2) affective parent benefits (α = .90), and (3) parent control (α = .94). CONCLUSION Our evidence suggests that the Parent PrU scale has potential as a measure for assessing parent-reported personal utility of their children's genomic results. Additional research is needed to further validate the Parent PrU scale, including by comparing its findings with utility assessments reported by clinicians and children themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Turbitt
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Kyle B Brothers
- Norton Children's Research Institute Affiliated with the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Christine Rini
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
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Gilmore MJ, Knerr S, Kraft SA, Bulkley JE, Biesecker BB, Feigelson HS, Hunter JE, Jenkins CL, Kauffman TL, Lee SSJ, Liles EG, Mittendorf KF, Muessig KR, Porter KM, Rolf BA, Rope AF, Zepp JM, Anderson KP, Devine B, Joseph G, Leo MC, Goddard K, Wilfond BS. Improving Care for Marginalized Populations at Risk for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: Innovations that Expanded Reach in the CHARM Study. Public Health Genomics 2023; 27:16-22. [PMID: 38142673 DOI: 10.1159/000535610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA,
| | - Sarah Knerr
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kraft
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joanna E Bulkley
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Ezzell Hunter
- Genomics, Ethics, and Translational Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charisma L Jenkins
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sandra Soo-Jin Lee
- Division of Ethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kristin R Muessig
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kathryn M Porter
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bradley A Rolf
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alan F Rope
- Genome Medical, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jamilyn M Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Beth Devine
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Katrina Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Lewis H, Biesecker B, Lee SSJ, Anderson K, Joseph G, Jenkins CL, Bulkley JE, Leo MC, Goddard KAB, Wilfond BS. Promoting equity, inclusion, and efficiency: A team science approach to the development of authorship guidelines for a multi-disciplinary research team. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e265. [PMID: 38229898 PMCID: PMC10790100 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Large research teams and consortia present challenges for authorship. The number of disciplines involved in the research can further complicate approaches to manuscript development and leadership. The CHARM team, representing a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional genomics implementation study, participated in facilitated discussions inspired by team science methodologies. The discussions were centered on team members' past experiences with authorship and perspectives on authorship in a large research team context. Team members identified challenges and opportunities that were used to create guidelines and administrative tools to support manuscript development. The guidelines were organized by the three values of equity, inclusion, and efficiency and included eight principles. A visual dashboard was created to allow all team members to see who was leading or involved in each paper. Additional tools to promote equity, inclusion, and efficiency included providing standardized project management for each manuscript and making "concept sheets" for each manuscript accessible to all team members. The process used in CHARM can be used by other large research teams and consortia to equitably distribute lead authorship opportunities, foster coauthor inclusion, and efficiently work with large authorship groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lewis
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle
Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | | | - Sandra Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of
California, San Francisco, CA,
USA
| | - Charisma L. Jenkins
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser
Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland,
OR, USA
| | - Joanna E. Bulkley
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser
Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland,
OR, USA
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser
Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland,
OR, USA
| | - Katrina A. B. Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser
Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland,
OR, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville,
MD, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle
Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA,
USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care,
University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
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Coronado GD, Nyongesa DB, Escaron AL, Petrik AF, Thompson JH, Smith D, Davis MM, Schneider JL, Rivelli JS, Laguna T, Leo MC. Effectiveness and Cost of an Enhanced Mailed Fecal Test Outreach Colorectal Cancer Screening Program: Findings from the PROMPT Stepped-Wedge Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1608-1616. [PMID: 37566431 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach can improve colorectal cancer screening rates, yet little is known about how to optimize these programs for effectiveness and cost. METHODS PROMPT was a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized effectiveness trial of mailed FIT outreach. Participants in the standard condition were mailed a FIT and received live telephone reminders to return it. Participants in the enhanced condition also received a tailored advance notification (text message or live phone call) and two automated phone call reminders. The primary outcome was 6-month FIT completion; secondary outcomes were any colorectal cancer screening completion at 6 months, implementation, and program costs. RESULTS The study included 27,585 participants (80% ages 50-64, 82% Hispanic/Latino; 68% preferred Spanish). A higher proportion of enhanced participants completed FIT at 6 months than standard participants, both in intention-to-treat [+2.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI; 0.4-5.2)] and per-protocol [limited to individuals who were reached; +16.9%, 95% CI (12.3-20.3)] analyses. Text messages and automated calls were successfully delivered to 91% to 100% of participants. The per-patient cost for standard mailed FIT was $10.84. The enhanced program's text message plus automated call reminder cost an additional $0.66; live phone calls plus an automated call reminder cost an additional $10.82 per patient. CONCLUSIONS Adding advance notifications and automated calls to a standard mailed FIT program boosted 6-month FIT completion rates at a small additional per-patient cost. IMPACT Enhancements to mailed FIT outreach can improve colorectal cancer screening participation. Future research might test the addition of educational video messaging for screening-naïve adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne L Escaron
- AltaMed Health Services, Corporation, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amanda F Petrik
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Dave Smith
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | | - Tanya Laguna
- AltaMed Health Services, Corporation, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
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Hunter JE, Riddle L, Joseph G, Amendola LM, Gilmore MJ, Zepp JM, Shuster E, Bulkley JE, Muessig KR, Anderson KP, Goddard KAB, Wilfond BS, Leo MC. Most people share genetic test results with relatives even if the findings are normal: Family communication in a diverse population. Genet Med 2023; 25:100923. [PMID: 37421176 PMCID: PMC10766857 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With increasing utilization of genetic testing, sharing genetic information can become part of general family health communication while providing biological relatives with important information about their own genetic risk. Importantly, little is known about motivations for and barriers to family communication of genetic information in historically underserved populations. METHODS Using mixed methods, we explored patient experiences with family communication in a study population of English- and Spanish-speaking adults aged 18 to 49 years, enriched for participants from historically underserved backgrounds. Risk screening for hereditary cancer guided genetic testing for cancer risk genes and other medically actionable findings. RESULTS Most participants overall (91%), including most with normal findings (89%), shared or planned to share their results with relatives. Common motivations for sharing results were to give relatives information about their genetic risk and because the participant thought the results were interesting. Reasons for not sharing were limited contact with relatives, perceptions of limited clinical utility for relatives, and concern that discussion of genetic information was stigmatized or taboo. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate high rates of sharing genetic information, indicate motivations for sharing go beyond facilitating genetic testing for relatives, and suggest general willingness to share genetic information as part of family health communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ezzell Hunter
- Genomics, Ethics, and Translational Research Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC; Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR.
| | - Leslie Riddle
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Jamilyn M Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | | | - Joanna E Bulkley
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Kristin R Muessig
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Katherine P Anderson
- Department of Family Medicine, Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health, Denver, CO
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
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Guo B, Knerr S, Kauffman TL, Mittendorf KF, Keast E, Gilmore MJ, Feigelson HS, Lynch FL, Muessig KR, Okuyama S, Zepp JM, Veenstra DL, Hsu L, Phipps AI, Lindström S, Leo MC, Goddard KAB, Wilfond BS, Devine B. Risk management actions following genetic testing in the Cancer Health Assessments Reaching Many (CHARM) Study: A prospective cohort study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19112-19125. [PMID: 37644850 PMCID: PMC10557878 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic testing can identify cancer risk early, enabling prevention and early detection. We describe use of risk management interventions following genetic testing in the Cancer Health Assessment Reaching Many (CHARM) study. CHARM assessed risk and provided genetic testing to low income, low literacy, and other underserved populations that historically face barriers to accessing cancer genetic services. METHODS CHARM was implemented in Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) and Denver Health (DH) between 2018 and 2020. We identified post-testing screening (mammography, breast MRI, colonoscopy) and surgical (mastectomy, oophorectomy) procedures using electronic health records. We examined utilization in participants who did and did not receive actionable risk management recommendations from study genetic counselors following national guidelines. RESULTS CHARM participants were followed for an average of 15.4 months (range: 0.4-27.8 months) after results disclosure. Less than 2% (11/680) received actionable risk management recommendations (i.e., could be completed in the initial years following testing) based on their test result. Among those who received actionable recommendations, risk management utilization was moderate (54.5%, 6/11 completed any procedure) and varied by procedure (mammogram: 0/3; MRI: 2/4; colonoscopy: 4/5; mastectomy: 1/5; oophorectomy: 0/3). Cancer screening and surgery procedures were rare in participants without actionable recommendations. CONCLUSION Though the number of participants who received actionable risk management recommendations was small, our results suggest that implementing CHARM's risk assessment and testing model increased access to evidence-based genetic services and provided opportunities for patients to engage in recommended preventive care, without encouraging risk management overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Guo
- School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sarah Knerr
- School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Tia L. Kauffman
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente NorthwestPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Kathleen F. Mittendorf
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Erin Keast
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente NorthwestPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Marian J. Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied GenomicsCenter for Health ResearchPortlandOregonUSA
| | | | - Frances L. Lynch
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente NorthwestPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Kristin R. Muessig
- Department of Translational and Applied GenomicsCenter for Health ResearchPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Sonia Okuyama
- Division of Oncology, Denver Health and Hospital AuthorityDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Jamilyn M. Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied GenomicsCenter for Health ResearchPortlandOregonUSA
| | - David L. Veenstra
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, School of PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Li Hsu
- School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Amanda I. Phipps
- School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sara Lindström
- School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente NorthwestPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Katrina A. B. Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied GenomicsCenter for Health ResearchPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Benjamin S. Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric BioethicsSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bioethics and Palliative CareUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Beth Devine
- School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, School of PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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12
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Duenas DM, Riddle L, Guerra C, Caruncho M, Lewis H, Porter KM, Kraft SA, Anderson KP, Biesecker B, Gilmore MJ, Zepp JM, Leo MC, Wilfond BS, Joseph G. Refining a Multifaceted Model of Perceived Utility of Genomic Sequencing Results. Public Health Genomics 2023; 26:135-144. [PMID: 37607497 PMCID: PMC10614499 DOI: 10.1159/000531782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on the perceived utility of genomic sequencing has focused primarily on pediatric populations and on individuals and families with rare genetic diseases. Here, we evaluate how well a multifaceted perceived utility model developed with these populations applies to a diverse, adult population aged 18-49 at risk for hereditary cancer and propose new considerations for the model. METHODS Participants received clinical genomic sequencing in the Cancer Health Assessments Reaching Many (CHARM) study. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a subset of participants at 1 and 6 months after results disclosure. We used an approach influenced by grounded theory to examine perceptions of the utility of genomic sequencing and analyzed how utility in CHARM mapped to the published multifaceted perceived utility model, noting which domains were represented or absent and which were most salient to our population. RESULTS Participants' discussions of utility often involved multiple domains and revealed the variety of ways in which receiving sequencing results can impact one's life. Results demonstrated that an individual's perception of utility can change over the life course when sequenced at a relatively young age and may be influenced by the resources available to them to act on the results. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the relevance of a multifaceted perceived utility model for a diverse adult population at risk for hereditary cancer. We identified refinements that could make the model more robust, including emphasizing the overlapping nature of the domains and the importance of life stage and personal resources to the perception of utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan M. Duenas
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leslie Riddle
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Guerra
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mikaella Caruncho
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Lewis
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Porter
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Kraft
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine P. Anderson
- Department of Family Medicine, Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Marian J. Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics (TAG), Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jamilyn M. Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics (TAG), Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - On behalf of the CHARM Study
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics and Palliative Care, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Analytics, RTI International, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics (TAG), Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
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13
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Joseph G, Lindberg NM, Guerra C, Hernandez C, Karliner LS, Gilmore MJ, Zepp J, Rolf BA, Caruncho M, Riddle L, Kauffman TL, Leo MC, Wilfond BS. Medical interpreter-mediated genetic counseling for Spanish preferring adults at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:870-886. [PMID: 36938783 PMCID: PMC10509308 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify interpretation challenges specific to exome sequencing and errors of potential clinical significance in the context of genetic counseling for adults at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome. Thirty transcripts of interpreter-mediated telephone results disclosure genetic counseling appointments were coded for errors by bilingual researchers, and the coders applied an overall rating to denote the degree to which the errors interfered with communication overall. Genetic counselors reviewed a subset of errors flagged for potential clinical significance to identify those likely to have clinical impact. Qualitative interviews with 19 interpreters were analyzed to elucidate the challenges they face in interpreting for genetic counseling appointments. Our analysis identified common interpretation errors such as raising the register, omissions, and additions. Further, we found errors specific to genetic counseling concepts and content that appeared to impact the ability of the genetic counselor to accurately assess risk. These errors also may have impacted the patient's ability to understand their results, access appropriate follow-up care, and communicate with family members. Among interpreters' strengths was the use of requests for clarification; in fact, even more use of clarification would have been beneficial in these encounters. Qualitative interviews surfaced challenges stemming from the structure of interpreter work, such as switching from medical and nonmedical interpretations without substantial breaks. Importantly, while errors were frequent, most did not impede communication overall, and most were not likely to impact clinical care. Nevertheless, potentially clinically impactful errors in communication of genetics concepts may contribute to inequitable care for limited English proficient patients and suggest that additional training in genetics and specialization in healthcare may be warranted. In addition, training for genetic counselors and guidance for patients in working effectively with interpreters could enhance interpreters' transmission of complex genetic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Claudia Guerra
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cindy Hernandez
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leah S Karliner
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jamilyn Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bradley A Rolf
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mikaella Caruncho
- Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leslie Riddle
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Okuyama S, White LL, Anderson KP, Medina E, Deutsch S, Ransom C, Jackson P, Kauffman TL, Mittendorf KF, Leo MC, Bulkley JE, Wilfond BS, Goddard KA, Feigelson HS. Evaluating cancer genetic services in a safety net system: overcoming barriers for a lasting impact beyond the CHARM research project. J Community Genet 2023:10.1007/s12687-023-00647-x. [PMID: 37126135 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-023-00647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Underserved patients face substantial barriers to receiving cancer genetic services. The Cancer Health Assessments Reaching Many (CHARM) study evaluated ways to increase access to genetic testing for individuals in underserved populations at risk for hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS). Here, we report the successful implementation of CHARM in a low-resource environment and the development of sustainable processes to continue genetic risk assessment in this setting. The research team involved key clinical personnel and patient advisors at Denver Health to provide input on study methods and materials. Through iterative and collaborative stakeholder engagement, the team identified barriers and developed solutions that would both facilitate participation in CHARM and be feasible to implement and sustain long term in clinical care. With a focus on infrastructure building, educational modules were developed to increase awareness among referring providers, and standard methods of identifying and managing HCS patients were implemented in the electronic medical record. Three hundred sixty-four DH patients successfully completed the risk assessment tool within the study, and we observed a sustained increase in referrals to genetics for HCS (from 179 in 2017 to 427 in 2021 post-intervention). Implementation of the CHARM study at a low-resourced safety net health system resulted in sustainable improvements in access to cancer genetic risk assessment and services that continue even after the study ended.Trial registration NCT03426878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Okuyama
- Division of Oncology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Larissa L White
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Medina
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sonia Deutsch
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Paige Jackson
- Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joanna E Bulkley
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katrina Ab Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Turbitt E, Kohler JN, Angelo F, Miller IM, Lewis KL, Goddard KAB, Wilfond BS, Biesecker BB, Leo MC. The PrU: Development and validation of a measure to assess personal utility of genomic results. Genet Med 2023; 25:100356. [PMID: 36516964 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE People report experiencing value from learning genomic results even in the absence of clinically actionable information. Such personal utility has emerged as a key concept in genomic medicine. The lack of a validated patient-reported outcome measure of personal utility has impeded the ability to assess this concept among those receiving genomic results and evaluate the patient-perceived value of genomics. We aimed to construct and psychometrically evaluate a scale to measure personal utility of genomic results-the Personal Utility (PrU) scale. METHODS We used an evidence-based, operational definition of personal utility, with data from a systematic literature review and Delphi survey to build a novel scale. After piloting with 24 adults, the PrU was administered to healthy adults in a Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Consortium study after receiving results. We investigated the responses using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS The exploratory factor analysis (N = 841 participants) resulted in a 3-factor solution, accounting for 74% of the variance in items: (1) self-knowledge (α = 0.92), (2) reproductive planning (α = 0.89), and (3) practical benefits (α = 0.91). CONCLUSION Our findings support the use of the 3-factor PrU to assess personal utility of genomic results. Validation of the PrU in other samples will be important for more wide-spread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Turbitt
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jennefer N Kohler
- Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Standard University, Stanford, CA
| | - Frank Angelo
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ilana M Miller
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Katie L Lewis
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Barbara B Biesecker
- Genomics, Ethics, and Translational Research Program, RTI International, Washington, DC
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
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16
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Vicini FA, Mann GB, Shah C, Weinmann S, Leo MC, Whitworth P, Rabinovitch R, Torres MA, Margenthaler JA, Dabbs D, Savala J, Shivers SC, Mittal K, Wärnberg F, Bremer T. A Novel Biosignature Identifies Patients With DCIS With High Risk of Local Recurrence After Breast Conserving Surgery and Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:93-102. [PMID: 36115740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an unmet need to identify women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with a low risk of in-breast recurrence (IBR) after breast conserving surgery (BCS), which could omit radiation therapy (RT), and also to identify those with elevated IBR risk remaining after BCS plus RT. We evaluated a novel biosignature for a residual risk subtype (RRt) to help identify patients with elevated IBR risk after BCS plus RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS Women with DCIS treated with BCS with or without RT at centers in the US, Australia, and Sweden (n = 926) were evaluated. Patients were classified into 3 biosignature risk groups using the decision score (DS) and the RRt category: (1) Low Risk (DS ≤2.8 without RRt), (2) Elevated Risk (DS >2.8 without RRt), and (3) Residual Risk (DS >2.8 with RRt). Total and invasive IBR rates were assessed by risk group and treatment. RESULTS In patients at low risk, there was no significant difference in IBR rates with or without RT (total, P = .8; invasive IBR, P = .7), and there were low overall 10-year rates (total, 5.1%; invasive, 2.7%). In patients with elevated risk, IBR rates were decreased with RT (total: hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; P < .001; invasive: HR, 0.28; P = .005); 10-year rates were 20.6% versus 4.9% (total) and 10.9% versus 3.1% (invasive). In patients with residual risk, although IBR rates decreased with RT after BCS (total: HR, 0.21; P < .001; invasive: HR, 0.29; P = .028), IBR rates remained significantly higher after RT compared with patients with elevated risk (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.4; P = .018), with 10-year rates of 42.1% versus 14.7% (total) and 18.3% versus 6.5% (invasive). CONCLUSIONS The novel biosignature identified patients with 3 distinct risk profiles: Low Risk patients with a low recurrence risk with or without adjuvant RT, Elevated Risk patients with excellent outcomes after BCS plus RT, and Residual Risk patients with an elevated recurrence risk remaining after BCS plus RT, warranting potential intensified or alternative treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Bruce Mann
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chirag Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest Research Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest Research Center, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Rachel Rabinovitch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Mylin A Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Julie A Margenthaler
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | | | | | - Fredrik Wärnberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Rabinovitch R, Vicini FA, Shah C, Margenthaler J, Czerniecki B, Whitworth P, Weinmann S, Leo MC, Wärnberg F, Mann GB, Shivers SC, Dabbs D, Mittal K, Bremer T. Abstract B016: Guiding de-escalation of treatment for patients with DCIS using a predictive 7-gene biosignature: Identification of a clinically low-risk patient group. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.dcis22-b016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: NCCN treatment guidelines support de-escalation of radiotherapy (RT) for “low risk” patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) for which improved specificity in identifying patients with low in-breast recurrence (IBR) rates who are unlikely to benefit from RT is needed. “low risk” has been defined as the absence of “high risk” clinicopathological (CP) factors, which include younger age (<50 yrs) or tumors that are 2 cm or larger, palpable, or high nuclear grade. However, these CP factors have failed to identify a patient group with lower recurrence risk that do not clinically benefit from RT after BCS. Thus, the clinical utility of a Low Risk group identified by the predictive 7-gene biosignature was characterized overall and for patient subsets meeting “low risk” or “high risk” CP criteria. Methods: DCIS patients (n=926) from four international cohorts treated with BCS (negative margins) with (n=641) and without RT (n=335) were evaluated for CP criteria (age<50 or grade 3, and RTOG 9804 like) and clinical outcomes. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples for each patient were analyzed at a CLIA lab (PreludeDx, Laguna Hills, CA) for the predictive 7-gene biosignature with a Residual Risk subtype (RRt). The biosignature reported a decision score (DS) of 0-10 and presence/absence of the RRt subtype. A Low Risk group (DS≤2.8 without RRt) was compared with the combined Elevated Risk (DS>2.8 without RRt) and Residual Risk groups (DS>2.8 with RRt), where 10-yr total IBR rates were evaluated using Cox Proportional Hazards and Kaplan Meier analysis by treatment, biosignature Risk group, and CP criteria. Results: The biosignature classified 37% of women treated with BCS as Low Risk (n=338) and 63% (n=588) were classified into the combined Elevated/Residual Risk group. Among patients who did not receive RT, those in the Elevated/Residual Risk group had higher IBR rates (p<.001) than those in the Low Risk group, with corresponding 10-yr IBR rates of 25.7% (95% CI: 18.8%, 34.4%) vs 5.6% (95% CI: 2.5%, 12.1%), respectively. RT did not reduce the IBR rate in the Low Risk group (p=0.71), where the 10-yr IBR rate was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.5%, 9.1%) after RT, corresponding to a number needed to treat (NNT) of ~100. However, the Elevated/Residual Risk group benefited from RT (p<0.001), with a 17.7% (95% CI: 9.4%, 26%) absolute 10-year IBR rate reduction, corresponding to a NNT of 6. The biosignature reclassified 35-40% of patients with “high risk” CP criteria into the Low Risk group. IBR rates in the Low Risk group for patients with “high risk” CP were not significantly different than those with “low risk” CP criteria. Conclusion: The 7-gene biosignature was a better predictor of prognosis and RT benefit than standard CP risk stratification, identifying a low risk group with no significant benefit from RT. The 10-yr IBR rate with or without RT remained consistent in the biosignature Low Risk group independent of CP criteria, further supporting identification of a true low risk group who may forgo RT.
Citation Format: Rachel Rabinovitch, Frank A. Vicini, Chirag Shah, Julie Margenthaler, Brian Czerniecki, Pat Whitworth, Sheila Weinmann, Michael C. Leo, Fredrik Wärnberg, G. Bruce Mann, Steven C. Shivers, David Dabbs, Karuna Mittal, Troy Bremer. Guiding de-escalation of treatment for patients with DCIS using a predictive 7-gene biosignature: Identification of a clinically low-risk patient group [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Rethinking DCIS: An Opportunity for Prevention?; 2022 Sep 8-11; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_1): Abstract nr B016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sheila Weinmann
- 7Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR,
| | - Michael C. Leo
- 7Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR,
| | | | - G. Bruce Mann
- 9University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
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Savitz ST, Scott JL, Leo MC, Keast EM, Savitz LA. Identifying appropriate comparison groups for health system interventions in the COVID-19 era. Learn Health Syst 2022; 7:e10344. [PMID: 36247204 PMCID: PMC9539400 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has created additional challenges for the analysis of non-randomized interventions in health system settings. Our objective is to evaluate these challenges and identify lessons learned from the analysis of a medically tailored meals (MTM) intervention at Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) that began in April 2020. Methods We identified both a historical and concurrent comparison group. The historical comparison group included patients living in the same area as the MTM recipients prior to COVID-19. The concurrent comparison group included patients admitted to contracted non-KPNW hospitals or admitted to a KPNW facility and living outside the service area for the intervention but otherwise eligible. We used two alternative propensity score methods in response to the loss of sample size with exact matching to evaluate the intervention. Results We identified 452 patients who received the intervention, 3873 patients in the historical comparison group, and 5333 in the concurrent comparison group. We were able to mostly achieve balance on observable characteristics for the intervention and the two comparison groups. Conclusions Lessons learned included: (a) The use of two different comparison groups helped to triangulate results; (b) the meaning of utilization measures changed pre- and post-COVID-19; and (c) that balance on observable characteristics can be achieved, especially when the comparison groups are meaningfully larger than the intervention group. These findings may inform the design for future evaluations of interventions during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Savitz
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care DeliveryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Division of Health Care Delivery ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jason L. Scott
- Center for Health ResearchKaiser Permanente Northwest RegionPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Center for Health ResearchKaiser Permanente Northwest RegionPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Erin M. Keast
- Center for Health ResearchKaiser Permanente Northwest RegionPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Lucy A. Savitz
- Center for Health ResearchKaiser Permanente Northwest RegionPortlandOregonUSA
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19
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Liles EG, Leo MC, Freed AS, Porter KM, Zepp JM, Kauffman TL, Keast E, McMullen CK, Gruß I, Biesecker BB, Muessig KR, Eubanks DJ, Amendola LM, Dorschner MO, Rolf BA, Jarvik GP, Goddard KAB, Wilfond BS. ORCA, a values-based decision aid for selecting additional findings from genomic sequencing in adults: Efficacy results from a randomized trial. Genet Med 2022; 24:1664-1674. [PMID: 35522237 PMCID: PMC9586129 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals having genomic sequencing can choose to be notified about pathogenic variants in genes unrelated to the testing indication. A decision aid can facilitate weighing one's values before making a choice about these additional results. METHODS We conducted a randomized trial (N = 231) comparing informed values-choice congruence among adults at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome who viewed either the Optional Results Choice Aid (ORCA) or web-based additional findings information alone. ORCA is values-focused with a low-literacy design. RESULTS Individuals in both arms had informed values-choice congruence (75% and 73% in the decision aid and web-based groups, respectively; odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.58-2.08). Most participants had adequate knowledge (79% and 76% in the decision aid and web-based groups, respectively; OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.61-2.34), with no significant difference between groups. Most had information-seeking values (97% and 98% in the decision aid and web-based groups, respectively; OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.10-3.61) and chose to receive additional findings. CONCLUSION The ORCA decision aid did not significantly improve informed values-choice congruence over web-based information in this cohort of adults deciding about genomic results. Both web-based approaches may be effective for adults to decide about receiving medically actionable additional results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Amanda S Freed
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathryn M Porter
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jamilyn M Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Erin Keast
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | | | - Inga Gruß
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Barbara B Biesecker
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Translation, RTI International, Washington, D.C
| | - Kristin R Muessig
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | | | - Laura M Amendola
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael O Dorschner
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Bradley A Rolf
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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20
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Amendola LM, Shuster E, Leo MC, Dorschner MO, Rolf BA, Shirts BH, Gilmore MJ, Okuyama S, Zepp JM, Kauffman TL, Mittendorf KF, Bellcross C, Jenkins CL, Joseph G, Riddle L, Syngal S, Ukaegbu C, Goddard KAB, Wilfond BS, Jarvik GP. Laboratory-related outcomes from integrating an accessible delivery model for hereditary cancer risk assessment and genetic testing in populations with barriers to access. Genet Med 2022; 24:1196-1205. [PMID: 35305866 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the laboratory-related outcomes of participants who were offered genomic testing based on cancer family history risk assessment tools. METHODS Patients from clinics that serve populations with access barriers, who are screened at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome based on adapted family history collection tools (the Breast Cancer Genetics Referral Screening Tool and PREMM5), were offered exome-based panel testing for cancer risk and medically actionable secondary findings. We used descriptive statistics, electronic health record review, and inferential statistics to explore participant characteristics and results, consultations and actions related to pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants identified, and variables predicting category of findings, respectively. RESULTS Of all the participants, 87% successfully returned a saliva kit. Overall, 5% had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic cancer risk variant and 1% had a secondary finding. Almost all (14/15, 93%) participants completed recommended consultations with nongenetics providers after an average of 17 months. The recommended actions (eg, breast magnetic resonance imaging) were completed by 17 of 25 participants. Participant personal history of cancer and PREMM5 score were each associated with the category of findings (history and colon cancer finding, Fisher's exact P = .02; history and breast cancer finding, Fisher's exact P = .01; PREMM5TM score; and colon cancer finding, Fisher's exact P < .001). CONCLUSION This accessible model of hereditary cancer risk assessment and genetic testing yielded results that were often acted upon by patients and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Amendola
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
| | - Elizabeth Shuster
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Michael O Dorschner
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bradley A Rolf
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian H Shirts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics (TAG), Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Sonia Okuyama
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO
| | - Jamilyn M Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics (TAG), Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics (TAG), Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Cecilia Bellcross
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Charisma L Jenkins
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics (TAG), Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Leslie Riddle
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sapna Syngal
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chinedu Ukaegbu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics (TAG), Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Division of Bioethics and Paliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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21
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Smith DH, O'Keeffe-Rosetti M, Leo MC, Mayhew M, Benes L, Bonifay A, Deyo RA, Elder CR, Keefe FJ, McMullen C, Owen-Smith A, Trinacty CM, Vollmer WM, DeBar L. Economic Evaluation: A Randomized Pragmatic Trial of a Primary Care-based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Adults Receiving Long-term Opioids for Chronic Pain. Med Care 2022; 60:423-431. [PMID: 35352703 PMCID: PMC9106895 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is prevalent and costly; cost-effective nonpharmacological approaches that reduce pain and improve patient functioning are needed. OBJECTIVE Report the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), compared with usual care, of cognitive behavioral therapy aimed at improving functioning and pain among patients with chronic pain on long-term opioid treatment. DESIGN Economic evaluation conducted alongside a pragmatic cluster randomized trial. SUBJECTS Adults with chronic pain on long-term opioid treatment (N=814). INTERVENTION A cognitive behavioral therapy intervention teaching pain self-management skills in 12 weekly, 90-minute groups delivered by an interdisciplinary team (behaviorists, nurses) with additional support from physical therapists, and pharmacists. OUTCOME MEASURES Cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained, and cost per additional responder (≥30% improvement on standard scale assessment of Pain, Enjoyment, General Activity, and Sleep). Costs were estimated as-delivered, and replication. RESULTS Per patient intervention replication costs were $2145 ($2574 as-delivered). Those costs were completely offset by lower medical care costs; inclusive of the intervention, total medical care over follow-up was $1841 lower for intervention patients. Intervention group patients also had greater QALY and responder gains than did controls. Supplemental analyses using pain-related medical care costs revealed ICERs of $35,000, and $53,000 per QALY (for replication, and as-delivered intervention costs, respectively); the ICER when excluding patients with outlier follow-up costs was $106,000. LIMITATIONS Limited to 1-year follow-up; identification of pain-related utilization potentially incomplete. CONCLUSION The intervention was the optimal choice at commonly accepted levels of willingness-to-pay for QALY gains; this finding was robust to sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Smith
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland
OR
| | | | - Michael C. Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland
OR
| | - Meghan Mayhew
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland
OR
| | - Lindsay Benes
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland
OR
- Montana State University College of Nursing, Missoula,
MT
| | | | - Richard A. Deyo
- Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine,
Portland, OR
| | | | | | | | - Ashli Owen-Smith
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta
GA
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Clinical and Outcomes
Research, Atlanta GA
| | | | | | - Lynn DeBar
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute,
Seattle WA
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22
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Whitworth PW, Shah CS, Vicini FA, Rabinovitch R, Margenthaler JA, Warnberg F, Czerniecki BJ, Leo MC, Weinmann S, Mann B, Dabbs DJ, Savala J, Shivers SC, Mittal K, Bremer T. Assessing the benefit of adjuvant endocrine therapy in patients following breast-conserving surgery with or without radiation stratified by a 7-gene predictive DCIS biosignature. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
502 Background: Breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy (RT) has been the mainstay for DCIS treatment. Adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) has often been recommended based on multiple randomized clinical trials (RCT). However, these studies have failed to identify subsets of patients who did or did not benefit from adjuvant RT/ET therapy after BCS. We evaluated the association of a 7-gene predictive DCIS biosignature (PreludeDx, Laguna Hills, CA) to assess the impact of ET on 10-yr ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR) risk after BCS alone or with RT. Methods: DCISionRT with integrated Residual Risk subtype (RRt) reported a decision score (DS) and three risk groups, a) Low Risk (DS≤2.8), b) Elevated Risk (DS > 2.8 without RRt) and c) Residual Risk (DS > 2.8 with RRt). DCISionRT/RRt was evaluated in 926 patients from 4 cohorts who were treated with BCS alone or with RT/ET. The three risk groups were assessed for 10-yr total (invasive and in situ) IBR risk by Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards survival analysis. Results: DCISionRT/RRt classified 338 (37%) women as Low Risk, 399 (43%) as Elevated Risk, and 189 (20%) as Residual Risk. Overall, patients treated with ET had a significantly lower 10-yr IBR risk in multivariable analysis independent of RT (HR = 0.55, p = 0.033). In the Low Risk group treated with BCS without RT, the average 10-yr IBR risk was 5.6% (95% CI 2.5-12.1%, n = 124) and was not significantly different with vs without ET (p = 0.33). The 10-yr IBR risk after BCS alone was 22.6% in the Elevated Risk group and 50.3% in the Residual Risk group. Compared to BCS alone, the 10-year IBR risk tended to be lower in patients prescribed ET without RT in the Elevated (11.6%, 95% CI 3.9-32%) and Residual (15.4%, 95% CI 4.1-49%) Risk groups. 10-yr IBR risk was not significantly reduced by RT within the Low Risk group (p = 0.7) but was significantly reduced to 6.3% (95% CI 3.4-12%) by RT within the Elevated Risk (HR = 0.2, p < 0.001) and to 12.5% (95% CI 6.4-23%) within the Residual Risk (HR = 0.2, p < 0.001) groups. 10-yr IBR risk was significantly higher after RT in the Residual (HR = 2.5, p = 0.013) vs. Elevated Risk groups. After BCS and RT, there was no significant reduction in 10-yr IBR risk for those treated with vs without ET in the Elevated (p = 0.22) and Residual (p = 0.87) risk groups. Conclusions: The DCISionRT/RRt biosignature demonstrated prognostic and predictive RT response in Elevated and Residual Risk patients. Consistent with prior RCT data, ET was associated with lower 10-yr IBR risk overall, and within the DCISionRT Elevated and Residual Risk groups without RT. However, neither ET nor RT were asssociated with significant risk reduction in the Low Risk group. There was no added benefit of ET in the Elevated and Residual Risk groups after BCS+RT; the Residual Risk group patients still had a high IBR risk after RT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chirag S. Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael C. Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Bruce Mann
- The Royal Melbourne and Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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23
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Coronado GD, Leo MC, Ramsey K, Coury J, Petrik AF, Patzel M, Kenzie ES, Thompson JH, Brodt E, Mummadi R, Elder N, Davis MM. Mailed fecal testing and patient navigation versus usual care to improve rates of colorectal cancer screening and follow-up colonoscopy in rural Medicaid enrollees: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Implement Sci Commun 2022; 3:42. [PMID: 35418107 PMCID: PMC9006522 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-022-00285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Screening reduces incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC), yet US screening rates are low, particularly among Medicaid enrollees in rural communities. We describe a two-phase project, SMARTER CRC, designed to achieve the National Cancer Institute Cancer MoonshotSM objectives by reducing the burden of CRC on the US population. Specifically, SMARTER CRC aims to test the implementation, effectiveness, and maintenance of a mailed fecal test and patient navigation program to improve rates of CRC screening, follow-up colonoscopy, and referral to care in clinics serving rural Medicaid enrollees. Methods Phase I activities in SMARTER CRC include a two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial of a mailed fecal test and patient navigation program involving three Medicaid health plans and 30 rural primary care practices in Oregon and Idaho; the implementation of the program is supported by training and practice facilitation. Participating clinic units were randomized 1:1 into the intervention or usual care. The intervention combines (1) mailed fecal testing outreach supported by clinics, health plans, and vendors and (2) patient navigation for colonoscopy following an abnormal fecal test result. We will evaluate the effectiveness, implementation, and maintenance of the intervention and track adaptations to the intervention and to implementation strategies, using quantitative and qualitative methods. Our primary effectiveness outcome is receipt of any CRC screening within 6 months of enrollee identification. Our primary implementation outcome is health plan- and clinic-level rates of program delivery, by component (mailed FIT and patient navigation). Trial results will inform phase II activities to scale up the program through partnerships with health plans, primary care clinics, and regional and national organizations that serve rural primary care clinics; scale-up will include webinars, train-the-trainer workshops, and collaborative learning activities. Discussion This study will test the implementation, effectiveness, and scale-up of a multi-component mailed fecal testing and patient navigation program to improve CRC screening rates in rural Medicaid enrollees. Our findings may inform approaches for adapting and scaling evidence-based approaches to promote CRC screening participation in underserved populations and settings. Trial registration Registered at clinicaltrial.gov (NCT04890054) and at the NCI’s Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP #: NCI-2021-01032) on May 11, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria D Coronado
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Katrina Ramsey
- Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.,OHSU Biostatistics and Design Program, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: CB669, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Jennifer Coury
- Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Amanda F Petrik
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Mary Patzel
- Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Erin S Kenzie
- Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Jamie H Thompson
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Erik Brodt
- OHSU Family Medicine, OHSU School of Medicine, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Raj Mummadi
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Nancy Elder
- Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.,OHSU Family Medicine, OHSU School of Medicine, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Melinda M Davis
- Oregon Rural Practice-Based Research Network, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.,OHSU Family Medicine, OHSU School of Medicine, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA.,OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail code: L222, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
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24
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Vesco KK, Marshall NE, Baetscher E, Leo MC, Rooney W, Francisco M, Baker E, King JC, Catalano P, Frias AE, Purnell JQ. Changes in Visceral and Ectopic Adipose Tissue Stores Across Pregnancy and Their Relationship to Gestational Weight Gain. J Nutr 2022; 152:1130-1137. [PMID: 35022776 PMCID: PMC8970982 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive gestational weight gain has been associated with increased total body fat (TBF), metabolic syndrome, and abdominal obesity. However, little is known about the relationship of gestational weight gain with changes in metabolically active visceral or ectopic (hepatic and skeletal muscle) lipid stores. OBJECTIVES In a prospective study of 50 healthy, pregnant women, we assessed whether changes in weight were associated with changes in total, visceral, and ectopic lipid stores. METHODS Participants (ages 19-39) were primarily White (84%). The mean preconception BMI was 25.8 kg/m2 (SD, 4.5 kg/m2; min-max, 17.1-35.9 kg/m2). Measurements were completed at visits 1 and 2 at means of 16 and 34 weeks gestation, respectively, and included TBF using BOD POD; abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using MRI; and intrahepatic lipids (IHL), intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), and extramyocellular lipids (EMCL) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used paired t-tests to examine changes in adipose tissue and Pearson's correlation to examine associations of adipose tissue changes and weight changes. We also examined whether changes in adipose tissue stores differed by preconception BMI (normal, overweight, and obese), using 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS The TBF (mean change, +3.5 kg; 95% CI: 2.4-4.6 kg), SAT (mean change, +701 cm3; 95% CI: 421-981 cm3), VAT (mean change, +275 cm3; 95% CI: 170-379 cm3), and IHL (percentage water peak; median, +0.15; IQR = -0.01 to 0.32) values increased significantly; the IMCL and EMCL values did not change. Changes varied by BMI strata, with the least increase (or, for SAT, net loss) among women with obesity. Weight change was positively correlated with changes in TBF (r = 0.83; P < 0.001), SAT (r = 0.74; P < 0.001), and VAT (r = 0.63; P < 0.001) but not significantly correlated with changes in ectopic lipids (IHL, IMCL, and EMCL; -0.14 < r < 0.26). CONCLUSIONS Preferential deposition of adipose tissue to the viscera in pregnancy, as seen in our sample, could serve an important metabolic function; however, excessive deposition in this region could negatively affect maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Vesco
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole E Marshall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric Baetscher
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Melanie Francisco
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric Baker
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Catalano
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio E Frias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan Q Purnell
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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25
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Mittendorf KF, Kauffman TL, Amendola LM, Anderson KP, Biesecker BB, Dorschner MO, Duenas DM, Eubanks DJ, Feigelson HS, Gilmore MJ, Hunter JE, Joseph G, Kraft SA, Lee SSJ, Leo MC, Liles EG, Lindberg NM, Muessig KR, Okuyama S, Porter KM, Riddle LS, Rolf BA, Rope AF, Zepp JM, Jarvik GP, Wilfond BS, Goddard KA. Corrigendum to “Cancer Health Assessments Reaching Many (CHARM): A clinical trial assessing a multimodal cancer genetics services delivery program and its impact on diverse populations” [Contemporary Clinical Trials 106 (2021) 106432]. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 114:106682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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DeBar L, Mayhew M, Benes L, Bonifay A, Deyo RA, Elder CR, Keefe FJ, Leo MC, McMullen C, Owen-Smith A, Smith DH, Trinacty CM, Vollmer WM. A Primary Care-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Long-Term Opioid Users With Chronic Pain : A Randomized Pragmatic Trial. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:46-55. [PMID: 34724405 PMCID: PMC9802183 DOI: 10.7326/m21-1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is common, disabling, and costly. Few clinical trials have examined cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions embedded in primary care settings to improve chronic pain among those receiving long-term opioid therapy. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a group-based CBT intervention for chronic pain. DESIGN Pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02113592). SETTING Kaiser Permanente health care systems in Georgia, Hawaii, and the Northwest. PARTICIPANTS Adults (aged ≥18 years) with mixed chronic pain conditions receiving long-term opioid therapy. INTERVENTION A CBT intervention teaching pain self-management skills in 12 weekly, 90-minute groups delivered by an interdisciplinary team (behaviorist, nurse, physical therapist, and pharmacist) versus usual care. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported pain impact (primary outcome, as measured by the PEGS scale [pain intensity and interference with enjoyment of life, general activity, and sleep]) was assessed quarterly over 12 months. Pain-related disability, satisfaction with care, and opioid and benzodiazepine use based on electronic health care data were secondary outcomes. RESULTS A total of 850 patients participated, representing 106 clusters of primary care providers (mean age, 60.3 years; 67.4% women); 816 (96.0%) completed follow-up assessments. Intervention patients sustained larger reductions on all self-reported outcomes from baseline to 12-month follow-up; the change in PEGS score was -0.434 point (95% CI, -0.690 to -0.178 point) for pain impact, and the change in pain-related disability was -0.060 point (CI, -0.084 to -0.035 point). At 6 months, intervention patients reported higher satisfaction with primary care (difference, 0.230 point [CI, 0.053 to 0.406 point]) and pain services (difference, 0.336 point [CI, 0.129 to 0.543 point]). Benzodiazepine use decreased more in the intervention group (absolute risk difference, -0.055 [CI, -0.099 to -0.011]), but opioid use did not differ significantly between groups. LIMITATION The inclusion of only patients with insurance in large integrated health care systems limited generalizability, and the clinical effect of change in scores is unclear. CONCLUSION Primary care-based CBT, using frontline clinicians, produced modest but sustained reductions in measures of pain and pain-related disability compared with usual care but did not reduce use of opioid medication. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn DeBar
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington (L.D.)
| | - Meghan Mayhew
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon (M.M., A.B., C.R.E., M.C.L., C.M., D.H.S., W.M.V.)
| | - Lindsay Benes
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, and Montana State University College of Nursing, Missoula, Montana (L.B.)
| | - Allison Bonifay
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon (M.M., A.B., C.R.E., M.C.L., C.M., D.H.S., W.M.V.)
| | - Richard A Deyo
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon (R.A.D.)
| | - Charles R Elder
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon (M.M., A.B., C.R.E., M.C.L., C.M., D.H.S., W.M.V.)
| | - Francis J Keefe
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina (F.J.K.)
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon (M.M., A.B., C.R.E., M.C.L., C.M., D.H.S., W.M.V.)
| | - Carmit McMullen
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon (M.M., A.B., C.R.E., M.C.L., C.M., D.H.S., W.M.V.)
| | - Ashli Owen-Smith
- Georgia State University School of Public Health and Kaiser Permanente Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Atlanta, Georgia (A.O.)
| | - David H Smith
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon (M.M., A.B., C.R.E., M.C.L., C.M., D.H.S., W.M.V.)
| | | | - William M Vollmer
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon (M.M., A.B., C.R.E., M.C.L., C.M., D.H.S., W.M.V.)
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Coronado GD, Nyongesa DB, Petrik AF, Thompson JH, Escaron AL, Younger B, Harbison S, Leo MC. Randomized Controlled Trial of Advance Notification Phone Calls vs Text Messages Prior to Mailed Fecal Test Outreach. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:2353-2360.e2. [PMID: 32739569 PMCID: PMC9285860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mailing fecal immunochemical test (FITs) to individuals who are due for screening (mailed FIT outreach) increases colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Little is known about how phone-based advance notifications (primers) affect the effectiveness of mailed FIT outreach programs. METHODS We performed a prospective study of patients at a large urban health center, 50-75 years old and due for screening, with no record of a prior FIT. Participants were randomly assigned to groups that received a live phone call primer (n = 1203) or a text message primer (n = 1622), from June through December 2018. The participants were then mailed a FIT kit, followed by 2 automated calls, and live reminder calls delivered by the care team. The main outcome was completion of FIT within 3 months of assignment to the live phone call or text message group. RESULTS Participants had a FIT completion rate of 16.8%, a mean age of 58 years, and 80% were Latino. In adjusted intention to treat analyses (n = 2825), FIT completion rates were higher in the patients assigned to receive a live phone call vs text message primer (percentage point difference, 3.3%; 95% CI, 0.4%-6.2%). Between-group differences increased to 7.3% points (95% CI, 3.6%-11.0%) in the per-protocol analysis of 2144 participants reached by the text message (1320/1622, 81%), live call (438/1203, 36%), or voice message (386/1203, 32%). This rate increased to 14.9% points (95% CI; 9.6%-20.1%) in the per-protocol analysis of 1758 participants reached by the text message or reached by the live call. CONCLUSIONS In a randomized trial, advance notification live phone calls outperformed text messages in prompting health center patients who had not previously completed a FIT to complete a mailed FIT. Clinicaltrials.gov no: NCT03167125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria D. Coronado
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Denis B. Nyongesa
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amanda F. Petrik
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jamie H. Thompson
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | | | - Michael C. Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
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Mohanty N, Padilla R, Leo MC, Tilmon S, Akhabue E, Rittner SS, Crawford P, Okihiro M, Persell SD. Disparities in Elevated Body Mass Index in Youth Receiving Care at Community Health Centers. Fam Community Health 2021; 44:238-244. [PMID: 34292227 PMCID: PMC9172270 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity has increased significantly in the United States. Racial subgroups are often grouped into categories in research, limiting our understanding of disparities. This study describes the prevalence of obesity among youth of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds receiving care at community health centers (CHCs). This cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of elevated body mass index (BMI) (≥85th percentile) and obesity (≥95th percentile) in youth aged 9 to 19 years receiving care in CHCs in 2014. Multilevel logistic regression estimated the prevalence of elevated BMI and obesity by age, race/ethnicity, and sex. Among 64 925 youth, 40% had elevated BMI and 22% were obese. By race, obesity was lowest in the combined Asian/Pacific Islander category (13%); however, when subgroups were separated, the highest prevalence was among Native Hawaiians (33%) and Other Pacific Islanders (42%) and the lowest in Asians. By sex, Black females and Hispanic and Asian males were more likely to be obese. By age, the highest prevalence of obesity was among those aged 9 to 10 years (25%). Youth served by CHCs have a high prevalence of obesity, with significant differences observed by race, sex, and age. Combining race categories obscures disparities. The heterogeneity of communities warrants research that describes different populations to address obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Mohanty
- AllianceChicago, Chicago, Illinois (Dr Mohanty and Ms Padilla); SASU Project Management (Ms Rittner) and General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (Dr Persell), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (Dr Mohanty), Chicago, Illinois; Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon (Dr Leo and Mr Crawford); University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Ms Tilmon); Division of Cardiology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (Dr Akhabue); and University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu (Dr Okihiro)
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29
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Kauffman TL, Dickerson JF, Lynch FL, Leo MC, Shuster E, Wilfond BS, Himes P, Gilmore MJ, Rollins NJ, Goddard KAB. Impact of expanded carrier screening on health care utilization. Am J Manag Care 2021; 27:316-321. [PMID: 34460173 DOI: 10.37765/ajmc.2021.88722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate potential consequences of expanded carrier screening (ECS) for reproductive risk on health care utilization among women who are not at increased reproductive risk. STUDY DESIGN Women planning pregnancy were randomized to usual care carrier screening or ECS to assess reproductive risks. Electronic health record (EHR) data were used to evaluate the effects of ECS on pregnancy-related utilization and general health care utilization among all study participants who did not receive positive ECS results of at least a 25% risk (ie, received negative [normal] ECS results). METHODS EHR data were extracted through research-ready databases and extensive chart review for 304 participants. We analyzed the effect of ECS for women who were not found to be at increased reproductive risk on (1) utilization of mental health services in the period between randomization and initial results disclosure; (2) utilization of general outpatient and inpatient services, specialty services, and mental health-related services in the year following randomization; and (3) utilization and refusal of pregnancy-related services among pregnant women (n = 129) prior to and following randomization. RESULTS No significant differences in health care utilization were found between women randomized to receive ECS and those receiving usual care. Women who received negative ECS results did not refuse recommended screening for conditions that are not identified via ECS at a higher rate than women in the usual care arm. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ECS does not have unintended negative impacts on the health care system for the majority of patients who are not at increased reproductive risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia L Kauffman
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227.
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30
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Mittendorf KF, Kauffman TL, Amendola LM, Anderson KP, Biesecker BB, Dorschner MO, Duenas DM, Eubanks DJ, Feigelson HS, Gilmore MJ, Hunter JE, Joseph G, Kraft SA, Lee SSJ, Leo MC, Liles EG, Lindberg NM, Muessig KR, Okuyama S, Porter KM, Riddle LS, Rolf BA, Rope AF, Zepp JM, Jarvik GP, Wilfond BS, Goddard KAB. Cancer Health Assessments Reaching Many (CHARM): A clinical trial assessing a multimodal cancer genetics services delivery program and its impact on diverse populations. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 106:106432. [PMID: 33984519 PMCID: PMC8336568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the application of genomic technologies in clinical care have the potential to increase existing healthcare disparities. Studies have consistently shown that only a fraction of eligible patients with a family history of cancer receive recommended cancer genetic counseling and subsequent genetic testing. Care delivery models using pre-test and post-test counseling are not scalable, which contributes to barriers in accessing genetics services. These barriers are even more pronounced for patients in historically underserved populations. We have designed a multimodal intervention to improve subsequent cancer surveillance, by improving the identification of patients at risk for familial cancer syndromes, reducing barriers to genetic counseling/testing, and increasing patient understanding of complex genetic results. We are evaluating this intervention in two large, integrated healthcare systems that serve diverse patient populations (NCT03426878). The primary outcome is the number of diagnostic (hereditary cancer syndrome) findings. We are examining the clinical and personal utility of streamlined pathways to genetic testing using electronic medical record data, surveys, and qualitative interviews. We will assess downstream care utilization of individuals receiving usual clinical care vs. genetic testing through the study. We will evaluate the impacts of a literacy-focused genetic counseling approach versus usual care genetic counseling on care utilization and participant understanding, satisfaction, and family communication. By recruiting participants belonging to historically underserved populations, this study is uniquely positioned to evaluate the potential of a novel genetics care delivery program to reduce care disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Laura M Amendola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Michael O Dorschner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Devan M Duenas
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Hospital, 1900 9(th) Ave, M/S JMB-6, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Donna J Eubanks
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Heather Spencer Feigelson
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 2550 S Parker Rd, Suite 200, Aurora, CO 80014, USA
| | - Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Jessica Ezzell Hunter
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, Rm 551 & 556, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kraft
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Hospital, 1900 9(th) Ave, M/S JMB-6, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sandra Soo Jin Lee
- Division of Ethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, 630 West 168(th) St, PH15E-1525, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Liles
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Nangel M Lindberg
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Kristin R Muessig
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Sonia Okuyama
- Denver Health and Hospital Authority, 777 Bannock Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Kathryn M Porter
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Hospital, 1900 9(th) Ave, M/S JMB-6, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Leslie S Riddle
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, Rm 551 & 556, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bradley A Rolf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alan F Rope
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA; Genome Medical, 701 Gateway Blvd, Suite 380, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jamilyn M Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, 1705 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Hospital, 1900 9(th) Ave, M/S JMB-6, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA
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Riddle L, Amendola LM, Gilmore MJ, Guerra C, Biesecker B, Kauffman TL, Anderson K, Rope AF, Leo MC, Caruncho M, Jarvik GP, Wilfond B, Goddard KAB, Joseph G. Development and early implementation of an Accessible, Relational, Inclusive and Actionable approach to genetic counseling: The ARIA model. Patient Educ Couns 2021; 104:969-978. [PMID: 33549385 PMCID: PMC8881934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the training and early implementation of the ARIA model of genetic counseling (Accessible, Relational, Inclusive, Actionable). METHODS As part of the Cancer Health Assessments Reaching Many (CHARM) study, an interdisciplinary workgroup developed the ARIA curriculum and trained genetic counselors to return exome sequencing results using the ARIA model. CURRICULUM The ARIA curriculum includes didactic elements, discussion, readings, role plays, and observations of usual care genetic counseling sessions. The ARIA model provides the skills and strategies needed for genetic counseling to be accessible to all patients, regardless of prior knowledge or literacy level; involves appropriate psychological and social counseling without overwhelming the patient with information; and leaves the patient with clear and actionable next steps. CONCLUSION With sufficient training and practice, the ARIA model appears to be feasible, with promise for ensuring that genetic counselors' communication is accessible, relational, inclusive and actionable for the diverse patients participating in genomic medicine. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS ARIA offers a coherent set of principles and strategies for effective communication with patients of all literacy levels and outlines specific techniques to practice and incorporate these skills into routine practice. The ARIA model could be integrated into genetic counseling training programs and practice, making genetic counseling more accessible and meaningful for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Riddle
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Laura M Amendola
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, 1705 NE Pacific St. Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Claudia Guerra
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd St. Box 0128, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Tia L Kauffman
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Katherine Anderson
- Denver Health and Hospital Authority, MC 3150, 777 Bannock, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Alan F Rope
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Mikaella Caruncho
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, 1705 NE Pacific St. Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, M/S JMB-6, 1900 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Freed AS, Gruß I, McMullen CK, Leo MC, Kauffman TL, Porter KM, Muessig KR, Eubanks D, Goddard KAB, Wilfond BS, Liles EG. A decision aid for additional findings in genomic sequencing: Development and pilot testing. Patient Educ Couns 2021; 104:960-968. [PMID: 33191058 PMCID: PMC8099937 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a web-based, patient-facing decision aid to support patients and research participants to make an informed, values-based decision about whether to receive additional results from genomic sequencing. METHODS We developed the decision aid following the multi-step process described in the International Patient Decision Aids Standards. This utilized literature review, focus groups, and alpha testing with research participants undergoing clinical genomic sequencing. RESULTS The decision aid, the Optional Results Choice Aid (ORCA), includes a seven-question "values clarification exercise," illustrative patient quotes, and summative guidance for the user. The decision aid was found to be highly readable, acceptable and relevant in alpha testing. CONCLUSION We developed a decision aid to support informed, values-based decision making for patients and research participants considering whether to receive additional results from genomic sequencing. ORCA is being implemented in the NHGRI-funded Cancer Health Assessment Reaching Many (CHARM) study, where we are measuring informed values-choice congruence. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS ORCA was designed to support patients and research participants to make an informed, values-based decision about whether to receive additional results from genomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Freed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Inga Gruß
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA
| | - Carmit K McMullen
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA
| | - Kathryn M Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Kristin R Muessig
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA
| | - Donna Eubanks
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Liles
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA; Northwest Permanente, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, USA.
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Arias-Gastélum M, Lindberg NM, Leo MC, Bruening M, Whisner CM, Der Ananian C, Hooker SP, LeBlanc ES, Stevens VJ, Shuster E, Meenan RT, Gille S, Vaughn KA, Turner A, Vega-López S. Dietary Patterns with Healthy and Unhealthy Traits Among Overweight/Obese Hispanic Women with or at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 8:293-303. [PMID: 32495304 PMCID: PMC10754237 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hispanic women are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), with obesity and unhealthy eating being important contributing factors. A cross-sectional design was used in this study to identify dietary patterns and their associations with diabetes risk factors. Participants completed a culturally adapted Food Frequency Questionnaire capturing intake over the prior 3 months. Overweight/obese Hispanic women (n = 191) with or at risk for T2D were recruited from a community clinic into a weight loss intervention. Only baseline data was used for this analysis. Dietary patterns and their association with diabetes risk factors (age, body mass index, abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose [FBG], and hemoglobin A1c). An exploratory factor analysis of dietary data adjusted for energy intake was used to identify eating patterns, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to assess the association of the eating patterns with the diabetes risk factors. Six meaningful patterns with healthful and unhealthful traits emerged: (1) sugar and fat-laden, (2) plant foods and fish, (3) soups and starchy dishes, (4) meats and snacks, (5) beans and grains, and (6) eggs and dairy. Scores for the "sugar and fat-laden" and "meats and snacks" patterns were negatively associated with age (r = - 0.230, p = 0.001 and r = - 0.298, p < 0.001, respectively). Scores for "plant foods and fish" were positively associated with FBG (r = 0.152, p = 0.037). Being younger may be an important risk factor for a diet rich in sugar and fat; this highlights the need to assess dietary patterns among younger Hispanic women to identify traits potentially detrimental for their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Arias-Gastélum
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Nangel M Lindberg
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Cheryl Der Ananian
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Steven P Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Erin S LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Victor J Stevens
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shuster
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Richard T Meenan
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Sara Gille
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | | | - Ann Turner
- Virginia Garcia Memoria Health Center, Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Mittendorf KF, Ukaegbu C, Gilmore MJ, Lindberg NM, Kauffman TL, Eubanks DJ, Shuster E, Allen J, McMullen C, Feigelson HS, Anderson KP, Leo MC, Hunter JE, Sasaki SO, Zepp JM, Syngal S, Wilfond BS, Goddard KAB. Adaptation and early implementation of the PREdiction model for gene mutations (PREMM 5™) for lynch syndrome risk assessment in a diverse population. Fam Cancer 2021; 21:167-180. [PMID: 33754278 PMCID: PMC8458476 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-021-00243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common inherited cause of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Identifying individuals at risk for LS without personal cancer history requires detailed collection and assessment of family health history. However, barriers exist to family health history collection, especially in historically underserved populations. To improve LS risk assessment in historically underserved populations, we adapted the provider-facing PREdiction Model for gene Mutations (PREMM5™ model), a validated LS risk assessment model, into a patient-facing electronic application through an iterative development process involving expert and patient stakeholders. We report on preliminary findings based on the first 500 individuals exposed to the adapted application in a primary care population enriched for low-literacy and low-resource patients. Major adaptations to the PREMM5™ provider module included reduction in reading level, addition of interactive literacy aids, incorporation of family history assessment for both maternal and paternal sides of the family, and inclusion of questions about individual relatives or small groups of relatives to reduce cognitive burden. In the first 500 individuals, 90% completed the PREMM5™ independently; of those, 94% did so in 5 min or less (ranged from 0.2 to 48.8 min). The patient-facing application was able to accurately classify 84% of patients as having clinically significant or not clinically significant LS risk. Our preliminary results suggest that in this diverse study population, most participants were able to rapidly, accurately, and independently complete an interactive application collecting family health history assessment that accurately assessed for Lynch syndrome risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Mittendorf
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Chinedu Ukaegbu
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nangel M Lindberg
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Donna J Eubanks
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shuster
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jake Allen
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carmit McMullen
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jessica Ezzell Hunter
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Jamilyn M Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sapna Syngal
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
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Vesco KK, Leo MC, Bulkley JE, Beadle KR, Stoneburner AB, Francisco M, Clark AL. Improving management of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause: evaluation of a health system-based, cluster-randomized intervention. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:62.e1-62.e13. [PMID: 32693097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genitourinary symptoms are common in postmenopausal women and adversely affect the quality of life. National surveys and data collected from our healthcare system indicate that postmenopausal women with the genitourinary syndrome of menopause often fail to receive appropriate diagnosis or treatment. OBJECTIVE To promote greater detection and treatment of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, we created and tested a clinician-focused health system intervention that included clinician education sessions and a suite of evidence-based electronic health record tools. STUDY DESIGN Using a cluster-randomized design, we allocated primary care (16) and gynecology (6) clinics to the intervention or control group. From September to November 2014, we provided training about the diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in face-to-face presentations at each intervention clinic and in an online video. We developed clinical decision support tools in the electronic health record that contained an evidence-based, point-of-care knowledge resource, a standardized order set, and a checklist of patient education materials for the patient's after visit summary. The tools aimed to facilitate accurate diagnostic coding and prescribing (SmartSet, SmartRx) along with relevant patient information (SmartText). Clinicians who only performed visits at control clinics received no training or notification about the tools. Our primary outcome was vulvovaginal diagnoses made at well visits for women at the age of 55 years and older from November 15, 2014 to November 15, 2015. We also assessed urinary diagnoses, vaginal estrogen prescriptions, and use of the electronic tools. There was departmental support for the intervention but no prioritization within the healthcare system to incentivize change. RESULTS In the 1-year period, 386 clinicians performed 14,921 well visits for women at the age of 55 years and older. Among the 190 clinicians who performed well visits in the intervention clinics, 109 (57.4%) completed either in-person or online educational training. The proportion of visits that included a vulvovaginal (7.2% vs 5.8%; odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-2.51) or urinary diagnosis (2.5% vs 3.1%; odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-1.13) or vaginal estrogen prescription (4.5% vs 3.7%; odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-2.46) did not differ between study arms. There was a significant interaction for primary care and gynecology, which revealed more vulvovaginal diagnoses by gynecology but not primary care intervention clinics (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.31), but there was no significant interaction for prescriptions. Clinicians in the intervention clinics were more likely to use decision support tools than those in control clinics-SmartSet (22.2% vs 1.5%; odds ratio, 18.8; 95% confidence interval, 5.5-63.8) and SmartText for patient information (38.0% vs 24.4%; odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-3.34). A per-protocol analysis revealed similar findings. CONCLUSION Overall, the intervention did not lead to more diagnoses or prescription therapy for postmenopausal genitourinary symptoms but did result in greater distribution of patient information. Gynecology clinicians were more likely to address genitourinary symptoms generally and were more likely to make a vulvovaginal diagnosis after the intervention. Further efforts for improving care should consider ongoing clinician education beginning with enhanced menopause curricula in residency training. Additional interventions to consider include greater access for postmenopausal women to gynecologic care, addressing treatment barriers, and development of national performance metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Vesco
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR.
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | | | - Kate R Beadle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | | | | | - Amanda L Clark
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
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Garg T, McMullen CK, Leo MC, O'Keeffe-Rosetti MC, Weinmann S, Nielsen ME. Predicting risk of multiple levels of recurrence and progression after initial diagnosis of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer in a multisite, community-based cohort. Cancer 2020; 127:520-527. [PMID: 33146913 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has heterogeneous recurrence and progression outcomes. Available risk calculators estimate recurrence and progression but do not predict the recurrence stage or grade, which may influence downstream treatment. The objective of this study was to predict risk-stratified NMIBC recurrence and progression based on recurrence tumor classification and grade. METHODS In total, 2956 patients with NMIBC (<T2) who were diagnosed at Kaiser Permanente Northwest and Geisinger from 1994 to 2015 were identified. Recurrences were annotated for tumor classification and grade. Four risk-stratified outcomes were created based on the tumor classification and grade of the recurrence: 1) any recurrence, 2) intermediate-risk recurrence (Ta high grade, carcinoma in situ, T1 low grade) or higher, 3) high-risk recurrence (T1 high grade) or progression (clinical T2), and 4) progression. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute 1-year and 5-year risk estimates for each outcome based on initial tumor classification and grade. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 29.4 months, there were 1062 recurrences (35.9%), including 111 progressions (3.8%). The adjusted hazard of high-risk recurrence or progression increased, depending on initial tumor classification and grade: The adjusted hazard ratio was 2.60 (95% CI, 1.62-4.15) for Ta high-grade tumors, 4.74 (95% CI, 3.01-7.47) for tumor in situ or Ta with carcinoma in situ, and 7.14 (95% CI, 4.97-10.26) T1 high-grade tumors. Using Ta high-grade tumors as an example, the 1-year and 5-year predicted rates of adjusted risk of a high-risk recurrence or progression were 4.4% and 7.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 1-year and 5-year predicted risk of high-risk recurrences and progression increased with higher tumor classification and grade at diagnosis. These granular risk estimates may further inform risk-stratified treatment and surveillance for patients with NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullika Garg
- Department of Urology, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmit K McMullen
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew E Nielsen
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Departments of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Weinmann S, Leo MC, Francisco M, Jenkins CL, Barry T, Leesman G, Linke SP, Whitworth PW, Patel R, Pellicane J, Wärnberg F, Bremer T. Validation of a Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Biomarker Profile for Risk of Recurrence after Breast-Conserving Surgery with and without Radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4054-4063. [PMID: 32341032 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A major challenge in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treatment is selection of the most appropriate therapeutic approach for individual patients. We conducted an external prospective-retrospective clinical validation of a DCIS biologic risk signature, DCISionRT, in a population-based observational cohort of women diagnosed with DCIS and treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Participants were 455 health plan members of Kaiser Permanente Northwest diagnosed with DCIS and treated with BCS with or without radiotherapy from 1990 to 2007. The biologic signature combined seven protein tumor markers assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue with four clinicopathologic factors to provide a DCISionRT test result, termed decision score (DS). Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to measure the association of the DS, continuous (linear) or categorical (DS ≤ 3 vs. DS > 3), and subsequent total ipsilateral breast events and invasive ipsilateral breast events at least 6 months after initial surgery. RESULTS In Cox regression, the continuous and categorical DS variables were positively associated with total and invasive breast event risk after adjustment for radiotherapy. In a subset analysis by treatment group, categorical Kaplan-Meier analyses showed at least 2-fold differences in 10-year risk of total breast events between the elevated-risk and low-risk DS categories. CONCLUSIONS In this first external validation study of the DCISionRT test, the DS was prognostic for the risk of later breast events for women diagnosed with DCIS, following BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Melanie Francisco
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Charisma L Jenkins
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon
| | - Todd Barry
- Spectrum Pathology, Mission Viejo, California
| | | | | | | | - Rakesh Patel
- Good Samaritan Cancer Center, Los Gatos, California
| | | | - Fredrik Wärnberg
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Troy Bremer
- Prelude Corporation, Laguna Hills, California
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Clarke G, Sheppler CR, Firemark AJ, Rawlings AM, Dickerson JF, Leo MC. Augmenting usual care SSRIs with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia to improve depression outcomes in youth: Design of a randomized controlled efficacy-effectiveness trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 91:105967. [PMID: 32114185 PMCID: PMC7263975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.105967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Extant treatments for youth depression are only modestly effective. Alternative approaches are needed to improve health outcomes. A novel approach to improve depression outcomes is suggested by epidemiological studies finding that insomnia often predates and may contribute to depression risk. We test whether treating insomnia among youth starting a new course of SSRI antidepressants improves depression outcomes. This paper describes our study design. DESIGN 2-arm randomized controlled efficacy-effectiveness trial. SETTING A large non-profit health maintenance organization. PARTICIPANTS 165 adolescents aged 12-19 with research-confirmed depression and insomnia diagnoses, starting a new episode of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment prescribed by their usual care provider. INTERVENTIONS Two sleep interventions, each 6-7 sessions, both overlaying "treatment as usual" (TAU) SSRIs: a sleep hygiene (SH) attention control condition, and cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE If CBT-I improved sleep is shown to improve depression-related outcomes, this may provide an additional, easily tolerated intervention for an important public health target. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02290496, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02290496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Clarke
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Christina R Sheppler
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Alison J Firemark
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Andreea M Rawlings
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - John F Dickerson
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Center for Health Research, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227, USA.
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Leo MC, McMullen CK, O'Keeffe-Rosetti M, Weinmann S, Garg T, Nielsen ME. External validation of the EORTC and NCCN bladder cancer recurrence and progression risk calculators in a U.S. community-based health system. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:39.e21-39.e27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Coronado GD, Johnson ES, Leo MC, Schneider JL, Smith D, Mummadi R, Petrik AF, Thompson JH, Jimenez R. Patient randomized trial of a targeted navigation program to improve rates of follow-up colonoscopy in community health centers. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 89:105920. [PMID: 31881390 PMCID: PMC7254876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2019.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening by annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an accessible and cost-effective strategy to lower CRC incidence and mortality. However, this mode of screening depends on follow-up colonoscopy after a positive FIT result. Unfortunately, nearly one-half of FIT-positive patients fail to complete this essential screening component. Patient navigation may improve follow-up colonoscopy adherence. To deliver patient navigation cost-effectively, health centers could target navigation to patients who are unlikely to complete the procedure on their own. OBJECTIVES The Predicting and Addressing Colonoscopy Non-adherence in Community Settings (PRECISE) clinical trial will validate a risk model of follow-up colonoscopy adherence and test whether patient navigation raises rates of colonoscopy adherence overall and among patients in each probability stratum (low, moderate, and high probability of adherence without intervention). METHODS PRECISE is a collaboration with a large community health center whose patient population is 37% Latino. Eligible patients will be aged 50-75, have an abnormal FIT result in the past month, and be due for a follow-up colonoscopy. Patients will be randomized to patient navigation or usual care. Primary outcomes will be colonoscopy completion within one year of a positive FIT result, cost, and cost-effectiveness. Secondary outcomes will include time to colonoscopy receipt, adequacy of bowel prep, and communication of results to primary care providers. Primary and secondary outcomes will be reported overall and by probability stratum. DISCUSSION This innovative clinical trial will test the effectiveness and financial feasibility of using a precision health intervention to improve CRC screening completion in community health centers. TRIAL REGISTRATION National Clinical Trial (NCT) Identifier: NCT03925883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria D Coronado
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Eric S Johnson
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - David Smith
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Raj Mummadi
- Northwest Permanente Medical Group, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amanda F Petrik
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jamie H Thompson
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
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Fortmann SP, Bailey SR, Brooks NB, Hitsman B, Rittner SS, Gillespie SE, Hill CN, Leo MC, Crawford PM, Hu W, King DS, O'Cleirigh C, Puro J, Ann McBurnie M. Trends in smoking documentation rates in safety net clinics. Health Serv Res 2020; 55:170-177. [PMID: 31930738 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of provider incentive policy on smoking status documentation. DATA SOURCES Primary data were extracted from structured electronic medical records (EMRs) from 15 community health centers (CHCs). STUDY DESIGN This was an observational study of data from 2006 to 2013, assessing changes in documentation of smoking status over time. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS We extracted structured EMR data for patients age 18 and older with at least one primary care visit. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Rates of documented smoking status rose from 30 percent in 2006 to 90 percent in 2013; the largest increase occurred from 2011 to 2012 following policy changes (21.3% [95% CI, 8.2%, 34.4%] from the overall trend). Rates varied by clinic and across patient subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Documentation of smoking status improved markedly after introduction of new federal standards. Further improvement in documentation is still needed, especially for males, nonwhite patients, those using opioids, and HIV + patients. More research is needed to study whether changes in documentation lead to improvements in counseling, cessation, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steffani R Bailey
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Neon B Brooks
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian Hitsman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Weiming Hu
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Conall O'Cleirigh
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon Puro
- Research Informatics and Analytics, OCHIN, Inc., Portland, Oregon
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Lindberg NM, Vega-López S, LeBlanc ES, Leo MC, Stevens VJ, Gille S, Arias-Gastelum M, Meenan R. Lessons Learned From a Program to Reduce Diabetes Risk Among Low-Income Hispanic Women in a Community Health Clinic. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:489882. [PMID: 33488511 PMCID: PMC7821047 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.489882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and Look AHEAD studies demonstrated that modest weight loss and increased physical activity can significantly reduce the incidence of diabetes among overweight individuals with prediabetes. However, these studies involved costly interventions, all of which are beyond the reach of most real-world settings serving high-risk, low-income populations. Our project, De Por Vida, implemented a diabetes risk-reduction intervention for Hispanic women in a Federally Qualified Health Center and assessed the program's efficacy. This report describes the methodology used to develop and implement De Por Vida, the cultural adaptations made, the community-academic partnership formed to carry out this program, and the barriers and challenges encountered through the implementation process. METHODS Our goal was to translate the DPP and Look AHEAD programs into an intervention to prevent diabetes and reduce diabetes complications among high-risk Hispanic women at a federally qualified health center in Hillsboro, Oregon, where more than half of clinic patients are Spanish-speaking, and nearly all live in poverty. This randomized clinical trial targeted overweight Spanish-speaking women at risk for, or diagnosed with, type 2 diabetes. We developed a 12-month behavioral diabetes risk-reduction intervention that was responsive to the cultural practices of the Hispanic population and that could be implemented in low-income clinical settings. Study planning and implementation involved close collaboration among the clinic leadership, a research team from the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, and Arizona State University. DISCUSSION Creating a fully informed partnership between research and clinical institutions is the first step in successful cooperative research projects. The adoption of a bidirectional, rather than a top-down, approach to communication between researchers and health-care providers, and between clinic management and the clinic frontline staff, gave the research study team crucial information about barriers, constraints, and needs that clinic staff experienced in implementing the program. This allowed clinic management and front-line clinic staff to play an active role in study implementation, identifying problem areas, and collaborating in finding practical solutions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03113916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nangel M. Lindberg
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Nangel M. Lindberg,
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Erin S. LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Victor J. Stevens
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sara Gille
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Richard Meenan
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
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Bulkley JE, O'Keeffe-Rosetti M, Wendel CS, Davis JV, Danforth KN, Harrison TN, Kwan ML, Munneke J, Brooks N, Grant M, Leo MC, Banegas M, Weinmann S, McMullen CK. The effect of multiple recruitment contacts on response rates and patterns of missing data in a survey of bladder cancer survivors 6 months after cystectomy. Qual Life Res 2019; 29:879-889. [PMID: 31811594 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Bladder Cancer Quality of Life Study collected detailed and sensitive patient-reported outcomes from bladder cancer survivors in the period after bladder removal surgery, when participation in survey research may present a burden. This paper describes the study recruitment methods and examines the response rates and patterns of missing data. METHODS Detailed surveys focusing on quality of life, healthcare decision-making, and healthcare expenses were mailed to patients 5-7 months after cystectomy. We conducted up to 10 follow-up recruitment calls. We analyzed survey completion rates following each contact in relation to demographic and clinical characteristics, and patterns of missing data across survey content areas. RESULTS The overall response rate was 71% (n = 269/379). This was consistent across patient clinical characteristics; response rates were significantly higher among patients over age 70 and significantly lower among racial and ethnic minority patients compared to non-Hispanic white patients. Each follow-up contact resulted in marginal survey completion rates of at least 10%. Rates of missing data were low across most content areas, even for potentially sensitive questions. Rates of missing data differed significantly by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Despite the effort required to participate in research, this population of cancer survivors showed willingness to share detailed information about quality of life, health care decision-making, and expenses, soon after major cancer surgery. Additional contacts were effective at increasing participation. Response patterns differed by race/ethnicity and other demographic factors. Our data collection methods show that it is feasible to gather detailed patient-reported outcomes during this challenging period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Bulkley
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA.
| | - Maureen O'Keeffe-Rosetti
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | | | - James V Davis
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Kim N Danforth
- Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Teresa N Harrison
- Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn L Kwan
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Julie Munneke
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Neon Brooks
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Marcia Grant
- City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Matthew Banegas
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Sheila Weinmann
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Carmit K McMullen
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
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McMullen CK, Rosetti MO, Weinmann S, Leo MC, Nielsen ME. Clinical Use Cases for a Tool to Assess Risk in Superficial Bladder Cancer. Perm J 2019; 23:18.276. [PMID: 31496500 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/18.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the approximately 53,000 patients newly diagnosed with early-stage (superficial) bladder cancer each year, there is substantial variability in the progression to muscle-invasive disease. Enhancing risk stratification and risk-stratified surveillance could minimize risks and harms to patients, as well as unnecessary costs to health systems. OBJECTIVES As a preliminary step in developing and validating a risk assessment tool for superficial bladder cancer in a population-based clinical cohort, we interviewed urologists who might use such a tool to assess need, determine potential use cases, and identify key features to include. METHODS Using an opportunistic and purposeful sampling design, we invited 13 urologists from a variety of practice settings and with a wide range of clinical experience to take part in qualitative interviews; 9 (5 urologic oncologists and 4 general urologists) participated. RESULTS All urologists reported using some form of risk stratification to determine surveillance schedules for patients with bladder cancer. The following use cases were endorsed by 4 or more interviewees: 1) provide evidence to guide clinical management in specific situations, 2) generate patient-facing communication aids, 3) improve documentation about recurrence/progression risk, and 4) create scheduling and callback supports to improve the quality of follow-up care. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated several potential clinical-use cases for a risk calculator and clinical decision-support tool for patients with superficial bladder cancer. Clinicians stressed the potential utility of such a tool to improve patient communication, scheduling, and tracking in general urology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit K McMullen
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | | | - Sheila Weinmann
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | - Matthew E Nielsen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine
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Lindberg NM, Vega-López S, LeBlanc ES, Leo MC, Stevens VJ, Gille S, Arias-Gastélum M, Shuster E, Meenan R, Vaughn KA, Shaw MC, Turner A. High Prevalence of Undiagnosed Hyperglycemia in Low-Income Overweight and Obese Hispanic Women in Oregon. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:799-805. [PMID: 30859515 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight Hispanic women are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. A clinical diagnosis of hyperglycemia is often necessary to access interventions. We examined the prevalence of undiagnosed hyperglycemia among a group of low-income overweight or obese Hispanic women, who were receiving care at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). METHODS Among 196 overweight or obese Hispanic women (mean age 44 ± 10 years, mean weight 86.8 ± 16.5 kg, mean body mass index [BMI] 36.5 ± 6.4 kg/m2) enrolled in a randomized clinical weight-loss trial, we compared A1C and fasting blood glucose (FBG) obtained at baseline with women's existing diabetes and prediabetes diagnoses in the medical record. RESULTS According to the information in participants' medical records, 36% (70/196) had diagnosed diabetes, 20% (39/196) had a diagnosis of prediabetes, and the remaining 44% (87/196) had neither diagnosis. Among participants without a diagnosis of diabetes or prediabetes during the baseline screening for our study, 63% (55/87) had at least one test in the prediabetes range (baseline A1C and FBG were in prediabetes range for 39 and 55 participants, respectively), and 13% (11/87) had at least one test in the diabetic range (baseline A1C and FBG values in diabetes range for 3 and 11 participants, respectively). DISCUSSION We found substantial prevalence of undiagnosed hyperglycemia among a sample of overweight and obese Hispanic women. It is possible that limited awareness of diabetes risk may be a barrier to patient compliance with screening recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nangel M Lindberg
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Erin S LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Victor J Stevens
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Sara Gille
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Shuster
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Richard Meenan
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Katherine A Vaughn
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Meagan C Shaw
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Ann Turner
- Virginia Garcia Memorial Health Center, Cornelius, OR, USA
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Kwan ML, Leo MC, Danforth KN, Weinmann S, Lee VS, Munneke JR, Bulkley JE, Rosetti MO, Yi DK, Banegas MP, Wagner MD, Williams SG, Aaronson DS, Grant M, Krouse RS, Gilbert SM, McMullen CK. Factors That Influence Selectionof Urinary Diversion Among Bladder Cancer Patients in 3 Community-based Integrated Health Care Systems. Urology 2019; 125:222-229. [PMID: 30471370 PMCID: PMC6389399 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relative contributions of patient and surgeon factors for predicting selection of ileal conduit (IC), neobladder (NB), or continent pouch (CP) urinary diversions (UD) for patients diagnosed with muscle-invasive/high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. This information is needed to enhance research comparing cancer survivors' outcomes across different surgical treatment options. METHODS Bladder cancer patients' age ≥21 years with cystectomy/UD performed from January 2010 to June 2015 in 3 Kaiser Permanente regions were included. All patient and surgeon data were obtained from electronic health records. A mixed effects logistic regression model was used treating surgeon as a random effect and region as a fixed effect. RESULTS Of 991 eligible patients, 794 (80%) received IC. One hundred sixty-nine surgeons performed the surgeries and accounted for a sizeable proportion of the variability in patient receipt of UD (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.26). The multilevel model with only patient factors showed good fit (area under the curve = 0.93, Hosmer-Lemeshow test P = .44), and older age, female sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate <45, 4+ comorbidity index score, and stage III/IV tumors were associated with higher odds of receiving an IC vs neobladder/continent pouch. However, including surgeon factors (annual cystectomy volume, specialty training, clinical tenure) had no association (P = .29). CONCLUSION In this community setting, patient factors were major predictors of UD received. Surgeons also played a substantial role, yet clinical training and experience were not major predictors. Surgeon factors such as beliefs about UD options and outcomes should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR
| | - Kim N Danforth
- Kaiser Permanente Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David K Yi
- Kaiser Permanente Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - Matthew D Wagner
- Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Sunnyside Medical Center, Clackamas, OR
| | - Stephen G Williams
- Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center, Riverside, CA
| | - David S Aaronson
- Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Robert S Krouse
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, University & Woodland Aves., Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scott M Gilbert
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Hansen L, Leo MC, Chang MF, Zucker BL, Sasaki A. Pain and Self-Care Behaviours in Adult Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease: A Longitudinal Description. J Palliat Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/082585971403000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This prospective descriptive study investigated pain characteristics in 20 outpatients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) who were approaching the end of life, described variability in pain between and within patients, and described the pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain management strategies used. The instruments we utilized were the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the self-care behaviour (SCB) log for pain. Data were collected once a month over a six-month period. BPI severity of, and interference from pain mean scores ranged from 5.52 to 6.03 and 5.36 to 6.64, respectively. The top three pain-relieving behaviours reported by patients were “taking pain medication,” “taking a nap,” and “asking for help.” Pain medication intake differed between patients who were pursuing a liver transplant and those who were not eligible for one. If we are to effectively improve care for ESLD patients, it is essential that we understand the ways in which these patients experience pain and the pain management strategies they employ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissi Hansen
- L Hansen: (corresponding author): Oregon Health and Science University, School of Nursing, SN-ORD, 3455 S.W. U.S. Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon, USA 97239–2941
| | - Michael C. Leo
- MC Leo: Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael F. Chang
- MF Chang, BL Zucker: Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Betsy L. Zucker
- MF Chang, BL Zucker: Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anna Sasaki
- A Sasaki: Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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48
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Clarke EV, Schneider JL, Lynch F, Kauffman TL, Leo MC, Rosales AG, Dickerson JF, Shuster E, Wilfond BS, Goddard KAB. Assessment of willingness to pay for expanded carrier screening among women and couples undergoing preconception carrier screening. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200139. [PMID: 30020962 PMCID: PMC6051630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expanded carrier screening can provide risk information for numerous conditions. Understanding how individuals undergoing preconception expanded carrier screening value this information is important. The NextGen study evaluated the use of genome sequencing for expanded carrier screening and reporting secondary findings, and we measured participants’ willingness to pay for this approach to understand how it is valued by women and couples planning a pregnancy. Methods We assessed 277 participants’ willingness to pay for genome sequencing reporting carrier results for 728 gene/condition pairs and results for 121 secondary findings. We explored the association between attitudes and demographic factors and willingness to pay for expanded carrier screening using genome sequencing and conducted interviews with 58 of these participants to probe the reasoning behind their preferences. Results Most participants were willing to pay for expanded carrier screening using genome sequencing. Willingness to pay was associated with income level and religiosity, but not risk status for a condition in the carrier panel. Participants willing to pay nothing or a small amount cited issues around financial resources, whereas those willing to pay higher amounts were motivated by “peace of mind” from carrier results. Conclusion Women and couples planning a pregnancy value genome sequencing. The potentially high out-of-pocket cost of this service could result in healthcare disparities, since maximum amounts that participants were willing to pay were higher than a typical copay and related to income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V. Clarke
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer L. Schneider
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Frances Lynch
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Tia L. Kauffman
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ana G. Rosales
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John F. Dickerson
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Shuster
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Benjamin S. Wilfond
- Seattle Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Trueman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katrina A. B. Goddard
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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Wilfond BS, Kauffman TL, Jarvik GP, Reiss JA, Richards CS, McMullen C, Gilmore M, Himes P, Kraft SA, Porter KM, Schneider JL, Punj S, Leo MC, Dickerson JF, Lynch FL, Clarke E, Rope AF, Lutz K, Goddard KAB. Lessons Learned From A Study Of Genomics-Based Carrier Screening For Reproductive Decision Making. Health Aff (Millwood) 2018; 37:809-816. [PMID: 29733724 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genomics-based carrier screening is one of many opportunities to use genomic information to inform medical decision making, but clinicians, health care delivery systems, and payers need to determine whether to offer screening and how to do so in an efficient, ethical way. To shed light on this issue, we conducted a study in the period 2014-17 to inform the design of clinical screening programs and guide further health services research. Many of our results have been published elsewhere; this article summarizes the lessons we learned from that study and offers policy insights. Our experience can inform understanding of the potential impact of expanded carrier screening services on health system workflows and workforces-impacts that depend on the details of the screening approach. We found limited patient or health system harms from expanded screening. We also found that some patients valued the information they learned from the process. Future policy discussions should consider the value of offering such expanded carrier screening in health delivery systems with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Wilfond
- Benjamin S. Wilfond ( ) is director of the Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, and of the Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, all in Seattle, Washington
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Tia L. Kauffman is a project director at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, in Portland, Oregon
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Gail P. Jarvik is a professor in the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, and in the Department of Genome Sciences, both at the University of Washington
| | - Jacob A Reiss
- Jacob A. Reiss is a medical geneticist at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - C Sue Richards
- C. Sue Richards is a professor in the Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, in Portland
| | - Carmit McMullen
- Carmit McMullen is a senior investigator at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Marian Gilmore
- Marian Gilmore is a genetic counselor in the Department of Medical Genetics at Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Patricia Himes
- Patricia Himes is a genetic counselor in the Department of Medical Genetics at Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Stephanie A Kraft
- Stephanie A. Kraft is an acting assistant professor in the Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute, and in the Division of Bioethics and Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Kathryn M Porter
- Kathryn M. Porter is a research scientist in the Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute
| | - Jennifer L Schneider
- Jennifer L. Schneider is a research associate III at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Sumit Punj
- Sumit Punj is a senior clinical scientist in the Clinical Genomics Program, GeneDx, in Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Michael C Leo
- Michael C. Leo is an investigator at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - John F Dickerson
- John F. Dickerson is an investigator at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Frances L Lynch
- Frances L. Lynch is a senior investigator at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Elizabeth Clarke
- Elizabeth Clarke is a research associate III at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Alan F Rope
- Alan F. Rope is a staff physician at Northwest Permanente, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Kevin Lutz
- Kevin Lutz is publications manager at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
| | - Katrina A B Goddard
- Katrina A. B. Goddard is associate director, research programs, at the Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest
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DeBar L, Benes L, Bonifay A, Deyo RA, Elder CR, Keefe FJ, Leo MC, McMullen C, Mayhew M, Owen-Smith A, Smith DH, Trinacty CM, Vollmer WM. Interdisciplinary team-based care for patients with chronic pain on long-term opioid treatment in primary care (PPACT) - Protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 67:91-99. [PMID: 29522897 PMCID: PMC5931339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is one of the most common, disabling, and expensive public health problems in the United States. Interdisciplinary pain management treatments that employ behavioral approaches have been successful in helping patients with chronic pain reduce symptoms and regain functioning. However, most patients lack access to such treatments. We are conducting a pragmatic clinical trial to test the hypothesis that patients who receive an interdisciplinary biopsychosocial intervention, the Pain Program for Active Coping and Training (PPACT), at their primary care clinic will have a greater reduction in pain impact in the year following than patients receiving usual care. METHODS/DESIGN This is an effectiveness-implementation hybrid pragmatic clinical trial in which we randomize clusters of primary care providers and their patients with chronic pain who are on long-term opioid therapy to 1) receive an interdisciplinary behavioral intervention in conjunction with their current health care or 2) continue with current health care services. Our primary outcome is pain impact (a composite of pain intensity and pain-related interference) measured using the PEG, a validated three-item assessment. Secondary outcomes include pain-related disability, patient satisfaction, opioids dispensed and health care utilization. An economic evaluation assesses the resources and costs necessary to deliver the intervention and its cost-effectiveness compared with usual care. A formative evaluation employs mixed methods to understand the context for implementation in the participating health care systems. DISCUSSION This trial will inform the feasibility of implementing interdisciplinary behavioral approaches to pain management in the primary care setting, potentially providing a more effective, safer, and more satisfactory alternative to opioid-based chronic pain treatment. Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT02113592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn DeBar
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Lindsay Benes
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States; University of Portland, School of Nursing, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Allison Bonifay
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Richard A Deyo
- Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Charles R Elder
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Francis J Keefe
- Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Carmit McMullen
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Meghan Mayhew
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ashli Owen-Smith
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kaiser Permanente Center for Clinical and Outcomes Research, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David H Smith
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Connie M Trinacty
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - William M Vollmer
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, United States
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