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Heffernan ME, Bendelow A, Macy ML, Voss RV, Leininger J, Menker CG, Casale M, Smith TL, Davis MM. Parent Awareness of and Attitudes Toward Gender-Affirming Pediatric Health Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:808-813. [PMID: 38127016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to characterize parent attitudes toward gender-affirming healthcare for transgender youth, from a general parent sample in a diverse urban setting. METHODS We surveyed Chicago parents through the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey via web and phone in English and Spanish from May-July 2022. We used both probability-based and nonprobability-based sampling, with calibration weights for the nonprobability sample. Parents responded about their awareness of a debate about and support for autonomy in gender-affirming healthcare for transgender youth and provided demographic information. We used descriptive analyses and logistic regression to examine predictors of awareness and support. Data were weighted to be representative of Chicago's parent population. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 1,059 parents. The survey completion rate for the probability sample was 43.1% (a completion rate was not available for the nonprobability sample from online, opt-in surveys). Most parents were unaware of the debate about gender-affirming healthcare (56.0%). More than two-thirds of parents (68.9%) support decisions about gender-affirming healthcare being left to children, their parents, and their doctor. Parents who were aware of the debate were more likely to support gender-affirming healthcare (83.7%) than parents who were not aware (57.2%, p < .0001). Parents who were aware of the debate had higher odds of supporting gender-affirming care for youth (adjusted odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.93-4.66) in a multivariable logistic regression model. DISCUSSION Broad parent support for gender-affirming healthcare for transgender youth is an important perspective to consider in policy discussions at state and federal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Heffernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anne Bendelow
- Data Analytics and Reporting, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michelle L Macy
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raina V Voss
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer Leininger
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carly G Menker
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mia Casale
- Data Analytics and Reporting, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracie L Smith
- Data Analytics and Reporting, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew M Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Departments of Medicine, Medical Social Sciences, and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Fitzpatrick NK, Chachay V, Capra S, Briskey D, Jackman S, Shore A, Bowtell J. Assessing electronic device use behaviours in healthy adults: development and evaluation of a novel tool. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:186. [PMID: 38225654 PMCID: PMC10790453 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure of the macula to blue light from electronic devices has been identified as a potential macular health concern. The impacts remain poorly investigated as no validated methods to capture usual device use behaviours exist. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Electronic Device Use Questionnaire (EDUQ) against multiple 24-h electronic device use diaries in healthy Australian and United Kingdom adults. METHODS The EDUQ and diaries were developed to capture device use across categories (television, computer and handheld devices). Over eight weeks 56 Australian and 24 United Kingdom participants completed three questionnaires and eight diaries via online platforms. Tool validity was determined through Bland-Altman plot analysis of mean daily hours of device use between the tools. RESULTS The EDUQ demonstrated poor validity in both cohorts with poor agreement when compared with the diaries. When the device categories were combined, a mean difference between the tools of 1.54 h/day, and 95% limits of agreement between -2.72 h/day and 5.80 h/day was observed in the Australian cohort. Across both cohorts and all device categories the mean differences indicated individuals were more likely to report higher device use through the questionnaire rather than diaries. CONCLUSIONS The EDUQ is a novel tool and demonstrated the difficulty for participants of accurately recalling usual behaviour of device use. Poor agreement in reported device use occurred across all device categories. The poor agreement may be related to factors such as memory recall bias, and the number of diaries captured not being reflective of usual use. Future studies should look to address these factors to improve validity of device use capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi K Fitzpatrick
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Veronique Chachay
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandra Capra
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - David Briskey
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Jackman
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Angela Shore
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joanna Bowtell
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Blackburn H, Oppenheimer G. The World Was Their Laboratory: How Two Pioneer Scientist-Administrators,James Watt and Zdenek Fejfar, Advanced Methods and International Collaboration in Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology During the Cold War. Am J Epidemiol 2023:kwad246. [PMID: 38148031 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1952, James Watt, a young U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) infectious disease epidemiologist, was appointed--amid wide surprise--director of the U.S. National Heart Institute (NHI) where he served until 1961. He skillfully advanced epidemiological research methods and study conduct nationally while also establishing epidemiology in the administrative heirarchy of the institute. Watt soon turned to development of an effective program in international cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemiology under auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) at the United Nations (UN) in Geneva. That effort resulted in the 1959 appointment of Zdenek Fejfar, a young Czech clinical investigator, as director of the WHO CVD Unit. The coming together of Watt and Fejfar, with a joint focus on improved methods and population comparisons, helped establish a vigorous international community of CVD epidemiology. Their collaboration and friendship remained active and close throughout their career assignments and thereafter, as documented in this story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Blackburn
- Mayo Professor Emeritus, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gerald Oppenheimer
- Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Feeney R, Willmott L, Neller P, Then SN, Yates P, White B. Online modules to improve health professionals' end-of-life law knowledge and confidence: a pre-post survey study. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:165. [PMID: 37904194 PMCID: PMC10617044 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health professionals and medical students have knowledge gaps about the law that governs end-of-life decision-making. There is a lack of dedicated training on end-of-life law and corresponding research on the impact of this type of training. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of online training modules on key concepts of end-of-life law on Australian health professionals' legal knowledge and their self-reported confidence in applying the law in practice. METHODS Online pre- and post-training surveys were completed by training participants. The optional surveys collected demographic data, directly assessed legal knowledge and measured self-reported confidence in applying the law in clinical practice, before and after training. RESULTS Survey response rates were 66% (pre-training) and 12% (post-training). The final sample for analysis (n = 136 participants with matched pre- and post-training surveys), included nurses, doctors, allied health professionals, medical students and a small number of non-health professionals. Following completion of the online training modules, legal knowledge scores significantly increased overall and across each domain of end-of-life law. Participants were also more confident in applying the law in practice after training (median = 3.0, confident) than before training (median = 2.0, not confident). CONCLUSIONS This study found that completion of online training modules on end-of-life law increased Australian health professionals' legal knowledge and self-reported confidence in applying the law in clinical practice. Participants demonstrated some remaining knowledge gaps after training, suggesting that the training, while effective, should be undertaken as part of ongoing education on end-of-life law. Future research should examine longer term outcomes and impacts of the training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Feeney
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lindy Willmott
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Penny Neller
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shih-Ning Then
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Patsy Yates
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben White
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Yu H, Tan L, Zhu T, Deng X. A WeChat applet-based national remote emergency system for malignant hyperthermia in China: a usability study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:175. [PMID: 37670310 PMCID: PMC10478249 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare anesthetic emergency with a high mortality rate in China. We developed a WeChat applet-based National Remote Emergency System for Malignant Hyperthermia (MH-NRES) to provide a real-time emergency system to help Chinese anesthesiologists deal with MH crises. However, it is imperative that close attention should be paid to the usability of the applet. PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the usability of the applet-based MH-NRES for anesthesiologists; and (2) to test the validity and reliability of a modified mHealth app usability questionnaire. METHODS A modified User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) was designed. Together with System Usability Scale (SUS) and Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ), another two well-validated questionnaires, uMARS were then used to evaluate the usability of MH-NRES. The Cronbach alpha of the total score and the subscales of uMARS was calculated to evaluate the internal consistency. The correlation coefficients among three questionnaires were calculated. RESULTS In this study, 118 anesthesiologists provided responses to the questionnaire. The overall mean uMARS score was 4.43 ± 0.61, which ranged from 3 to 5. The mean PSSUQ score were in good to excellent range with mean of 6.02 ± 0.97, which ranged from 3.19 to 7. The overall SUS score was 76.0 ± 17.6, which ranged from 45 to 100. The total uMARS score had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.984). uMARS and its subscales were strongly correlated with PSSUQ (coefficient 0.758-0.819, P < 0.001) and SUS (coefficient 0.535-0.561, P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained from the usability evaluation questionnaires in this study indicated a high quality of the MH-NRES on the ease of use, satisfaction and perceived usefulness, which suggest this system might be a useful tool for anesthesiologists' education and management of MH crises. Future feedback from high-fidelity simulation and clinical scenarios are need for further usability evaluation of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingcan Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Christensen AI, Lau CJ, Poulsen HS, Ekholm O. Do animation videos increase participation in national health surveys? A randomised controlled trial. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:184. [PMID: 37580666 PMCID: PMC10424421 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declining response proportions in surveys have been observed internationally. Improving response proportions is important for the generalizability of the outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of animation videos to improve response proportions and sample composition in health surveys. METHODS A randomized trial was embedded in the Danish National Health Survey 2021 (n = 186,113) where the use of animation videos in the digital invitation letter was tested as a mean to increase response proportion. The effect of both demographic-targeted videos and a general video was tested. The sample was stratified into four subsamples; (1) individuals with non-western background and a non-Danish citizenship (n = 9,956), (2) men aged 16-24 years (n = 12,481), (3) women aged 75 years or older (n = 7,815) and (4) the remaining individuals (n = 155,861). The fourth subsample was randomized into two equal sized groups; a group receiving the general video and a control group receiving no video. Each of the first three subsamples was subsequently randomized into three subgroups with 25% receiving the target group video, 25% receiving the general video and 50% receiving no video. A total of four reminders (one digital and three postal) were sent to the eligible population. RESULTS The use of animation videos resulted in similar or slightly lower overall response proportion compared to the control group. The different animation videos were found to have heterogeneous effects on response proportions. A positive effect was found among men aged 16-24 years before the delivery of the postal reminder for the targeted animation video compared to no video (odds ratio: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.26). Overall, the targeted animation videos tended to produce higher response proportions than the general animation video. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneous effects of the videos suggest that there is some potential for the use of animation videos to improve response proportions and sample composition. The content, target group and timing of evaluation seem to be important for the animation videos to be successful. This warrants further research to better identify in which contexts, in which subgroups and under which circumstances, animation videos are useful to increase response proportions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05520242, registered 08/26/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathrine Juel Lau
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ola Ekholm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fellows IE, Handcock MS. Modeling of networked populations when data is sampled or missing. Metron 2023; 81:21-35. [PMID: 37284420 PMCID: PMC10199300 DOI: 10.1007/s40300-023-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Networked populations consist of inhomogeneous individuals connected via relational ties. The individuals typically vary in multivariate attributes. In some cases primary interest focuses on individual attributes and in others the understanding of the social structure of the ties. In many circumstances both are of interest, as is their relationship. In this paper we consider this last, most general, case. We model the joint distribution of social ties and individual attributes when the population is only partially observed. Of central interest is when the population is surveyed using a network sampling design. A second situation is when data about a subset of the ties and/or the individual attributes is unintentionally missing. Exponential-family random network models (ERNM)s are capable of specifying a joint statistical representation of both the ties of a network and individual attributes. This class of models allow the nodal attributes to be modeled as stochastic processes, expanding the range and realism of exponential-family approaches to network modeling. In this paper we develop a theory of inference for ERNMs when only part of the network is observed, as well as specific methodology for partially observed networks, including non-ignorable mechanisms for network-based sampling designs. In particular, we consider data collected via contact tracing, of considerable importance to infectious disease epidemiology and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S. Handcock
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1554 USA
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Glazerman S, Grépin KA, Mueller V, Rosenbaum M, Wu N. Do referrals improve the representation of women in mobile phone surveys? J Dev Econ 2023; 162:103077. [PMID: 37139485 PMCID: PMC10114084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Random digit dial surveys with mobile phones risk under-representation of women. To address this, we compare the characteristics of women recruited directly with those of women recruited through referrals from male household members. The referral process improves representation of vulnerable groups, such as young women, the asset poor, and those living in areas with low connectivity. Among mobile phone users, we show a referral (rather than a direct dial) protocol includes more nationally representative proportions of women with these attributes. While seeking intra-household referrals may improve representation, we show that it does so at a higher cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen A. Grépin
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, United States
| | - Valerie Mueller
- School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University and International Food Policy Research Institute, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Nicole Wu
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, United States
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Greene C, Wilson J, Griffin H, Tingle A, Cooper T, Semple M, Enoch D, Lee A, Loveday H. The role of pandemic planning in the management of COVID-19 in England from an infection prevention and control perspective: results of a national survey. Public Health 2023; 217:89-94. [PMID: 36867987 PMCID: PMC9894767 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This national survey aimed to explore how existing pandemic preparedness plans (PPP) accounted for the demands placed on infection prevention and control (IPC) services in acute and community settings in England during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional survey of IPC leaders working within National Health Service Trusts or clinical commissioning groups/integrated care systems in England. METHODS The survey questions related to organisational COVID-19 preparedness pre-pandemic and the response provided during the first wave of the pandemic (January to July 2020). The survey ran from September to November 2021, and participation was voluntary. RESULTS In total, 50 organisations responded. Seventy-one percent (n = 34/48) reported having a current PPP in December 2019, with 81% (n = 21/26) indicating their plan was updated within the previous 3 years. Around half of IPC teams were involved in previous testing of these plans via internal and multi-agency tabletop exercises. Successful aspects of pandemic planning were identified as command structures, clear channels of communication, COVID-19 testing, and patient pathways. Key deficiencies were lack of personal protective equipment, difficulties with fit testing, keeping up to date with guidance, and insufficient staffing. CONCLUSIONS Pandemic plans need to consider the capability and capacity of IPC services to ensure they can contribute their critical knowledge and expertise to the pandemic response. This survey provides a detailed evaluation of how IPC services were impacted during the first wave of the pandemic and identifies key areas, which need to be included in future PPP to better manage the impact on IPC services.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Greene
- University of West London, College of Nursing Midwifery and Healthcare, UK,Corresponding author. University of West London, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, Paragon House, Boston Manor Road, Brentford, TW8 9GA, UK. Tel.: +44 (0) 20 8209 4133
| | - J. Wilson
- University of West London, College of Nursing Midwifery and Healthcare, UK
| | - H. Griffin
- University of West London, College of Nursing Midwifery and Healthcare, UK
| | - A. Tingle
- University of West London, College of Nursing Midwifery and Healthcare, UK
| | - T. Cooper
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | | | - A. Lee
- The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - H. Loveday
- University of West London, College of Nursing Midwifery and Healthcare, UK
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Bell SO, Shankar M, OlaOlorun F, Omoluabi E, Khanna A, Ahmad D, Guiella G, Moreau C. Menstrual regulation: examining the incidence, methods, and sources of care of this understudied health practice in three settings using cross-sectional population-based surveys. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:73. [PMID: 36804033 PMCID: PMC9938613 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstrual regulation is a practice that may exist within the ambiguity surrounding one's pregnancy status and has been the subject of limited research. The aim of this study is to measure the annual rate of menstrual regulation in Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, and Rajasthan, India, overall and by background characteristics and to describe the methods and sources women use to bring back their period. METHODS Data come from population-based surveys of women aged 15-49 in each setting. In addition to questions on women's background characteristics, reproductive history, and contraceptive experiences, interviewers asked women whether they had ever done something to bring back their period at a time when they were worried they were pregnant, and if so, when it occurred and what methods and source they used. A total of 11,106 reproductive-aged women completed the survey in Nigeria, 2,738 in Cote d'Ivoire, and 5,832 in Rajasthan. We calculated one-year incidence of menstrual regulation overall and by women's background characteristics separately for each context using adjusted Wald tests to assess significant. We then examined the distribution of menstrual regulation methods and sources using univariate analyses. Method categories included surgery, medication abortion pills, other pills (including unknown pills), and traditional or "other" methods. Source categories included public facilities or public mobile outreach, private or non-governmental facilities or doctors, pharmacy or chemist shops, and traditional or "other" sources. RESULTS Results indicate substantial levels of menstrual regulation in West Africa with a one-year incidence rate of 22.6 per 1,000 women age 15-49 in Nigeria and 20.6 per 1,000 in Cote d'Ivoire; women in Rajasthan reported only 3.3 per 1,000. Menstrual regulations primarily involved traditional or "other" methods in Nigeria (47.8%), Cote d'Ivoire (70.0%), and Rajasthan (37.6%) and traditional or "other" sources (49.4%, 77.2%, and 40.1%, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings suggest menstrual regulation is not uncommon in these settings and may put women's health at risk given the reported methods and sources used. Results have implications for abortion research and our understanding of how women manage their fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne O. Bell
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St. Suite W4041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Mridula Shankar
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St. Suite W4041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Funmilola OlaOlorun
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Omoluabi
- Center for Research, Evaluation Resources and Development, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.8974.20000 0001 2156 8226Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Anoop Khanna
- grid.464858.30000 0001 0495 1821Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, India
| | - Danish Ahmad
- grid.464858.30000 0001 0495 1821Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, India
| | - Georges Guiella
- grid.218069.40000 0000 8737 921XInstitut Supérieur Des Sciences de La Population (ISSP), Université of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Caroline Moreau
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St. Suite W4041, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Soins Et Santé Primaire, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health U1018, Inserm, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Varela-Jaramillo A, Rivas-Torres G, Guayasamin JM, Steinfartz S, MacLeod A. A pilot study to estimate the population size of endangered Galápagos marine iguanas using drones. Front Zool 2023; 20:4. [PMID: 36703215 PMCID: PMC9878759 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-022-00478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale species monitoring remains a significant conservation challenge. Given the ongoing biodiversity crisis, the need for reliable and efficient methods has never been greater. Drone-based techniques have much to offer in this regard: they allow access to otherwise unreachable areas and enable the rapid collection of non-invasive field data. Herein, we describe the development of a drone-based method for the estimation of population size in Galápagos marine iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus. As a large-bodied lizard that occurs in open coastal terrain, this endemic species is an ideal candidate for drone surveys. Almost all Amblyrhynchus subspecies are Endangered or Critically Endangered according to the IUCN yet since several colonies are inaccessible by foot, ground- based methods are unable to address the critical need for better census data. In order to establish a drone-based approach to estimate population size of marine iguanas, we surveyed in January 2021 four colonies on three focal islands (San Cristobal, Santa Fe and Espanola) using three techniques: simple counts (the standard method currently used by conservation managers), capture mark-resight (CMR), and drone-based counts. The surveys were performed within a 4-day window under similar ambient conditions. We then compared the approaches in terms of feasibility, outcome and effort. RESULTS The highest population-size estimates were obtained using CMR, and drone-based counts were on average 14% closer to CMR estimates-and 17-35% higher-than those obtained by simple counts. In terms of field-time, drone-surveys can be faster than simple counts, but image analyses were highly time consuming. CONCLUSION Though CMR likely produces superior estimates, it cannot be performed in most cases due to lack of access and knowledge regarding colonies. Drone-based surveys outperformed ground-based simple counts in terms of outcome and this approach is therefore suitable for use across the range of the species. Moreover, the aerial approach is currently the only credible solution for accessing and surveying marine iguanas at highly remote colonies. The application of citizen science and other aids such as machine learning will alleviate the issue regarding time needed to analyze the images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varela-Jaramillo
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony Germany ,3Diversity, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- grid.412251.10000 0000 9008 4711Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Calle Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Pichincha, Quito Ecuador ,Galápagos Science Center, GSC, San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador ,grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, FL Gainesville, USA
| | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- grid.412251.10000 0000 9008 4711Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Calle Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbayá, Pichincha, Quito Ecuador ,Galápagos Science Center, GSC, San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony Germany
| | - Amy MacLeod
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony Germany
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12
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Daley C, Coupe A, Allmandinger T, Shirazi J, Wagner S, Drouin M, Ahmed R, Toscos T, Mirro M. Clinician use of data elements from cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in clinical practice. Cardiovasc Digit Health J 2023; 4:29-38. [PMID: 36865585 PMCID: PMC9972003 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvdhj.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) capture an abundance of data for clinicians to review and integrate into the clinical decision-making process. The multitude of data from different device types and vendors presents challenges for viewing and using the data in clinical practice. Efforts are needed to improve CIED reports by focusing on key data elements used by clinicians. Objective The purpose of this study was to uncover the extent to which clinicians use the specific types of data elements from CIED reports in clinical practice and explore clinicians' perceptions of CIED reports. Methods A brief, web-based, cross-sectional survey study was deployed using snowball sampling from March 2020 through September 2020 to clinicians who are involved in the care of patients with CIEDs. Results Among 317 clinicians, the majority specialized in electrophysiology (EP) (80.1%), were from North America (88.6%), and were white (82.2%). Over half (55.3%) were physicians. Arrhythmia episodes and ventricular therapies rated the highest among 15 categories of data presented, and nocturnal or resting heart rate and heart rate variability were rated the lowest. As anticipated, clinicians specializing in EP reported using the data significantly more than other specialties across nearly all categories. A subset of respondents offered general comments describing preferences and challenges related to reviewing reports. Conclusion CIED reports contain an abundance of information that is important to clinicians; however, some data are used more frequently than others, and reports could be streamlined for users to improve access to key information and facilitate more efficient clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Daley
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana,Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Carly Daley, Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, 10622 Parkview Plaza Dr, Fort Wayne, IN 46845.
| | - Amanda Coupe
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Tina Allmandinger
- Parkview Physicians Group–Cardiology, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Jonathan Shirazi
- Parkview Physicians Group–Cardiology, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Shauna Wagner
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Michelle Drouin
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Ryan Ahmed
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana
| | - Tammy Toscos
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana,Department of BioHealth Informatics, IUPUI School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, Indianapolis
| | - Michael Mirro
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana,Parkview Physicians Group–Cardiology, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana,Department of BioHealth Informatics, IUPUI School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, Indianapolis,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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13
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Ghanbari R, Lovasi GS, Bader MDM. Exploring potential for selection bias in using survey data to estimate the association between institutional trust and depression. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 77:61-66. [PMID: 36519721 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that low institutional trust would be associated with depressive symptom elevation, with attention to potential selection bias. METHODS The District of Columbia Area Survey (DCAS) was conducted by mail in 2018. Invitations sent to 8800 households resulted in a sample of 1061 adults. Institutional trust questions referenced nonprofit organizations, businesses, and government. Depressive symptom elevation was assessed using PHQ-9. Logistic regression model estimates were compared with and without adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and neighborhood satisfaction; among complete cases and following multiple imputation of missing covariate data; and with and without survey weights or correction for collider selection bias. RESULTS Of 968 participants without missing depressive symptom or trust data, 24% reported low institutional trust. Low institutional trust was associated with elevated depressive symptoms (adjusted OR following multiple imputation: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4), although the association was attenuated with use of survey weights (adjusted OR incorporating multiple imputation and survey weights: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.7, 3.2). CONCLUSIONS Under contrasting scenarios where low institutional trust and depressive symptoms jointly increase nonresponse, selection bias could lead to under- or overestimation of this association. Future research could explore posited selection bias scenarios that differ in direction of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozhan Ghanbari
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gina S Lovasi
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Philadelphia, PA; Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Urban Health Collaborative, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Michael D M Bader
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Sociology and 21st Century Cities Initiative, Baltimore, MD
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14
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Morgan SL. A double-diamond retrospective on modeling change in attitudes and opinions. Soc Sci Res 2023; 109:102809. [PMID: 36470638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The five decades of results produced by analysts of the General Social Survey (GSS) have enriched our understanding of social change, but some core modeling challenges remain. This article proposes that we more fully engage in the development of targeted models of period-based attitude and opinion change, using counterfactual reasoning, as we continue to model cohort replacement. This shift is also consistent with the recent literature on age, period, and cohort analysis, which argues for attention to age varying period effects. Two outcomes are modeled to provide material for the argument: support for government spending on drug addiction and rehabilitation and the valuation of obedience as a goal for child behavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Morgan
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Sociology, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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15
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García-Velázquez R, Kieseppä V, Lilja E, Koponen P, Skogberg N, Kuusio H. A multisource approach to health care use: concordance between register and self-reported physician visits in the foreign-born population in Finland. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 36460964 PMCID: PMC9717412 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable information on the use of health services is important for health care planning, monitoring and policy. It is critical to assess the validity of the sources used for this purpose, including register and survey-based data. Studies on foreign-born populations' health care use have usually implemented either survey or register data. The concordance of such data among groups of different cultural background remains largely unknown. In this study, we presented an approach to examine routinely how survey and register-related characteristics may explain disagreement found between the two information sources. METHODS We linked register- and survey-based data pertaining to the Finnish Register of Primary Health Care general physician visits and the Survey on Well-Being among Foreign Born Population (FinMonik, 2018-2019), a nationally representative survey. The sample comprised n = 5,800 informants for whom registered general physician visits were tracked in the 12-month period preceding their participation in the survey. Cohen's kappa was used as measure of multisource concordance, hierarchical loglinear models for the association between single predictors and multisource discrepancy, and a logistic regression model for examining source-related predictors of source discrepancy. Survey weights were used in all sample analyses. RESULTS Source concordance was poor. When dichotomizing general physician visits (zero vs one or more), 35% of informants had reported one or more visits while none were found from register. Both register- and informant-related predictors were associated to this discrepancy (i.e. catchment area, private health care use, inability to work, region of origin and reason for migration). CONCLUSIONS We found high discrepancy between the reported and the registered physician visits among the foreign-born population in Finland, with a particularly high number of reported physician visits when none were found in the register. There was a strong association between the specific catchment area and mismatch, indicating that both register under-coverage and survey over-report are plausible and may coexist behind the discrepancy. However, associations of informant's characteristics and mismatch were less pronounced. Implications on the validity of medical information sources are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina García-Velázquez
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valentina Kieseppä
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lilja
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivikki Koponen
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Skogberg
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannamaria Kuusio
- grid.14758.3f0000 0001 1013 0499Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, PL/PB/P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Rogers B, Somé JW, Bakun P, Adams KP, Bell W, Carroll DA 2nd, Wafa S, Coates J. Validation of the INDDEX24 mobile app v. a pen-and-paper 24-hour dietary recall using the weighed food record as a benchmark in Burkina Faso. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1817-31. [PMID: 34823617 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521004700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Effective nutrition policies require timely, accurate individual dietary consumption data; collection of such information has been hampered by cost and complexity of dietary surveys and lag in producing results. The objective of this work was to assess accuracy and cost-effectiveness of a streamlined, tablet-based dietary data collection platform for 24-hour individual dietary recalls (24HR) administered using INDDEX24 platform v. a pen-and-paper interview(PAPI) questionnaire, with weighed food record (WFR) as a benchmark. This cross-sectional comparative study included women 18-49 years old from rural Burkina Faso (n 116 INDDEX24; n 115 PAPI). A WFR was conducted; the following day, a 24HR was administered by different interviewers. Food consumption data were converted into nutrient intakes. Validity of 24HR estimates of nutrient and food group consumption was based on comparison with WFR using equivalence tests (group level) and percentages of participants within ranges of percentage error (individual level). Both modalities performed comparably estimating consumption of macro- and micronutrients, food groups and quantities (modalities' divergence from WFR not significantly different). Accuracy of both modalities was acceptable (equivalence to WFR significant at P < 0·05) at group level for macronutrients, less so for micronutrients and individual-level consumption (percentage within ±20 % for WFR, 17-45 % for macronutrients, 5-17 % for micronutrients). INDDEX24 was more cost-effective than PAPI based on superior accuracy of a composite nutrient intake measure (but not gram amount or item count) due to lower time and personnel costs. INDDEX24 for 24HR dietary surveys linked to dietary reference data shows comparable accuracy to PAPI at lower cost.
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17
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Norling J. Using Intentions to Predict Fertility. J Demogr Economics 2022; 88:257-282. [PMID: 36062209 PMCID: PMC9432464 DOI: 10.1017/dem.2020.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
On average, childless women observed by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics report that they intend to have more children than they actual have. A collection of intentions that record only whether respondents intend to have another child can more accurately predict the number of children they have. Errors in the formation of intentions are not required to explain this finding. Rather, if intentions record a survey respondent's most likely predicted number of children, then the average of these intentions does not necessarily equal average actual fertility, even if intentions are formed using rational expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Norling
- Department of Economics, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075
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18
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Shah H, Carrel AL, Le HTK. Impacts of teleworking and online shopping on travel: a tour-based analysis. Transportation (Amst) 2022; 51:1-29. [PMID: 36033420 PMCID: PMC9399593 DOI: 10.1007/s11116-022-10321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale adoption of telemobility, such as teleworking and online shopping, has affected travel patterns significantly. The impacts of teleworking and online shopping on travel have been studied separately and with trip-level analyses, thereby ignoring tour complexity, trip chaining, and activity scheduling. We aim to address this gap by investigating the interactions between online shopping, teleworking, and travel at a tour level, considering trip chaining and the importance of the activities involved. We classify tours into mandatory (e.g., travel for work, school), maintenance (e.g., travel for grocery shopping, appointments, errands), and discretionary (e.g., travel for non-grocery shopping, leisure, religious activities) tours according to the primary activity purpose. We then estimate a structural equation model using a one-week activity-travel diary from the 2019 Puget Sound Regional Travel Study. The results indicate that teleworking reduced mandatory and maintenance tours while increasing online shopping. Mandatory tours were negatively associated with both maintenance tours and online shopping, whereas the number of maintenance tours was positively associated with the number of discretionary tours. We did not find a statistically significant relationship between online shopping, maintenance tours, and discretionary tours. Overall, this study offers new insights into the effect of teleworking and online shopping on travel, with potential implications for travel demand modeling and management, as well as for the design of travel surveys that take such virtual activities into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Shah
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Andre L. Carrel
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Knowlton School of Architecture, City and Regional Planning Section, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Huyen T. K. Le
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
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19
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McCarthy OL, Palmer MJ, Gubijev A, Wellings K, Mann S, Leon L, Callaghan F, Patterson S, French RS. Achieving proportional representation in a reproductive health survey through social media: process and recommendations. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1370. [PMID: 35842621 PMCID: PMC9288271 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The narrative surrounding women’s reproductive health has shifted from a medical model to an emphasis on reproductive well-being over different life-stages. We developed and piloted a tracker survey for monitoring women’s reproductive health and well-being in England, recruiting respondents online. This paper reports on the success of the online recruitment strategies in achieving a sample proportionally representative of the England general population. Methods Recruitment was through Facebook and Instagram advertisements and dissemination through Twitter and a blog. At the end week one, the sample was reviewed and compared to the 2011 Census England population. From week two, recruitment targeted under-represented groups. Key data were compared with prevalence estimates from the Third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). Results Between 1 July-17 August 2021, 13,962 people initiated the online survey, with 11,578 completing it. Numbers were low initially, but peaked at 1700 survey initiations per day after increasing the daily advertisement budget on day seven. At the end of week one, minority ethnic groups and people without a degree or equivalent were under-represented. From week two, we altered the advertisement settings to show to people whose profile indicated they were a ‘high school leaver’ had ‘up to some high school’, worked in industries that do not typically require a degree or lived in local authorities with a high proportion of ethnic minority residents. This had a modest effect, with the final sample short of proportional representation in terms of ethnicity and education but close in terms of region and age. Compared to Natsal-3, we found consistency in the proportion of respondents reporting an abortion and a live birth in the last year, however, the proportion of our sample reporting ever having experienced infertility was significantly higher than in Natsal-3, as was the proportion of ‘planned’ pregnancies in the last year. Conclusions It is possible to recruit large numbers of respondents online, relatively quickly, to complete a reproductive health survey. This will be valuable to track reproductive health and well-being at a national level over time. More work is needed to understand reasons for non-response among under-represented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona L McCarthy
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Kaye Wellings
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sue Mann
- Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sophie Patterson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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20
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Alolod GP, Gardiner HM, Blunt R, Yucel RM, Siminoff LA. Organ Donation Willingness Among Asian Americans: Results from a National Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1478-1491. [PMID: 35595917 PMCID: PMC9675880 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial group in the USA, but their health disparities are often overlooked. Although their needs for transplantable organs are substantial, they have the lowest rates of organ donation per million compared to other Americans by race. To better understand Asian Americans' disposition toward organ donation, a self-administered survey was developed based on formative data collection and guidance from a Community Advisory Board composed of Asian American stakeholders. The instrument was deployed online, and quota sampling based on the 2017 American Community Survey was used to achieve a sample representative (N = 899) of the Asian American population. Bivariate tests using logistic regression and the chi-square test of independence were performed. Over half (58.1%) of respondents were willing to be organ donors. A majority (81.8%) expressed a willingness to donate a family member's organs, but enthusiasm depended on the family member's donor wishes. Only 9.5% of respondents indicated that the decision to donate their organs was theirs alone to make; the remainder would involve at least one other family member. Other key sociodemographic associations were found. This study demonstrates both the diversity of Asian Americans but also the centrality of the family's role in making decisions about organ donation. Practice and research considerations for the field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard P Alolod
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Heather M Gardiner
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Blunt
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Recai M Yucel
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A Siminoff
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Barrett EM, Maddox R, Thandrayen J, Banks E, Lovett R, Heris C, Thurber KA. Clearing the air: underestimation of youth smoking prevalence associated with proxy-reporting compared to youth self-report. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:108. [PMID: 35410164 PMCID: PMC8996602 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking remains a leading cause of disease burden globally. Declining youth smoking prevalence is an essential feature of effective tobacco control; however, accurate data are required to assess progress. This study investigates bias in youth smoking prevalence estimates by respondent type (proxy-reported, self-report with parent present, or self-report independently) for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and total populations of Australia. Methods Repeated cross-sectional analysis of representative Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and National Health Surveys, 2007–2019. Data were restricted to participants aged 15–17 years. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for ever-smoking by respondent type were calculated using Poisson regression with robust standard errors. National youth current-smoking prevalence was estimated if all data were collected by youth self-report; estimates and trends were compared to observed estimates. Results Over 75% of all smoking status data were reported by proxy or with parent present. Ever-smoking prevalence among youth self-reporting independently versus proxy-reported was 1.29 (95% CI:0.96–1.73) to 1.99 (95% CI:1.39–2.85) times as high for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth, and 1.83 (95% CI:0.92–3.63) to 2.72 (95% CI:1.68–4.41) times as high for total population youth. Across surveys, predicted national current-smoking prevalence if all youth self-reported independently was generally higher than observed estimate. Conclusions Estimates of youth smoking prevalence are likely inaccurate and underestimated if data are collected by proxy or with parent present. Increased reliance on data reported by youth independently is crucial to improve data accuracy, including to enable accurate assessment of national prevalence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-022-01594-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden M Barrett
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Raglan Maddox
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Joanne Thandrayen
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Emily Banks
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Raymond Lovett
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Christina Heris
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Katherine A Thurber
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, 54 Mills Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
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22
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Li VM, Heyrana KJ, Nguyen BT. Discrepant abortion reporting by interview methodology among men from the United States National Survey of Family Growth (2015-2017). Contraception 2022; 112:111-115. [PMID: 35122730 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine discrepancies in men's abortion reporting when queried via face-to-face interview versus audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) in the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). STUDY DESIGN The NSFG collects nationally representative data on family life, sexual behavior, and reproductive health in the United States. The questionnaire is administered to participants via face-to-face interview (FTF), with selected items also asked of the same participant via ACASI for direct comparison. As the 2015-2017 NSFG queried individuals' abortion history via both methods, we examined discrepant reporting among respondents. We additionally explored sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics associated with discrepant abortion reporting in a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Of 4,540 male respondents ages 15-49, 45.3% reported a pregnancy. Via FTF, 12.3% reported an abortion, compared to 19.9% via ACASI (p<0.01). With respect to discrepancies in the number of reported abortions, 8.5% of respondents reported more abortions via ACASI versus FTF. Multivariable logistic regression modeling noted independently greater odds of abortion reporting in ACASI among non-Hispanic Black men (aOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.19-4.45), men living below the Federal Poverty Level (less than 100% FPL: aOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.93-6.89; 100-400% FPL: aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.20-3.45), and those desiring more children in the future (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.20-3.04). CONCLUSION Men were more likely to disclose their abortions in ACASI compared to FTF interview. Disproportionate, discrepant abortion reporting among low-income, minority men who report desiring more children in the future warrants further research. IMPLICATIONS Surveys utilizing ACASI as an adjunct to FTF interviews may more accurately capture men's abortion experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Li
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA
| | - Katrina J Heyrana
- Section of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA
| | - Brian T Nguyen
- Section of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA.
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Isaksen K, Sandøy I, Zulu J, Melberg A, Kabombwe S, Mudenda M, Musonda P, Svanemyr J. Interviewing adolescent girls about sexual and reproductive health: a qualitative study exploring how best to ask questions in structured follow-up interviews in a randomized controlled trial in Zambia. Reprod Health 2022; 19:9. [PMID: 35033117 PMCID: PMC8761275 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have documented inconsistent reporting of sexual behaviour by adolescents. The validity and reliability of self-reported data on issues considered sensitive, incriminating or embarrassing, is prone to social-desirability bias. Some studies have found that Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing (ACASI) that removes the personal interaction involved in face-to-face interviews, decreases item non-response and increases reporting of sensitive behaviours, but others have found inconsistent or contradictory results. To reduce social desirability bias in the reporting of sensitive behaviours, face-to-face interviews were combined with ACASI in a cluster randomized trial involving adolescents in Zambia. Methods To explore adolescent girls’ experiences and opinions of being interviewed about sexual and reproductive health, we combined Focus Group Discussions with girl participants and individual semi-structured interviews with teachers. This study was done after the participants had been interviewed for the 6th time since recruitment. Young, female research assistants who had conducted interviews for the trial were also interviewed for this study. Results Respondents explained often feeling shy, embarrassed or uncomfortable when asked questions about sex, pregnancy and abortion face-to-face. Questions on sexual activity elicited feelings of shame, and teachers, research assistants and girls alike noted that direct questions about sexual activities limit what the participant girls may be willing to share. Responding to more indirect questions in relation to the context of a romantic relationship was slightly easier. Efforts by interviewers to signal that they did not judge the participants for their behavior and increased familiarity with the interviewer reduced discomfort over time. Although some appreciated the opportunity to respond to questions on their own, the privacy offered by ACASI also provided an opportunity to give false answers. Answering on tablets could be challenging, but participants were reluctant to ask for assistance for fear of being judged as not conversant with technology. Conclusion Strategies to avoid using overly direct language and descriptive words, asking questions within the context of a romantic relationship and a focus on establishing familiarity and trust can reduce reporting bias. For the use of ACASI, considerations must be given to the context and characteristics of the study population. Numerous studies have found that adolescents may not answer truthfully or consistently when questioned about issues such as sexual activity, abortion and pregnancy. Such issues are considered sensitive, incriminating, or embarrassing, and answers may be influenced by a fear of being misjudged or sanctioned. In an attempt to collect more reliable data on sexual behaviour and childbearing, we combined face-to-face interviews with Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing (ACASI) in a research trial involving adolescents in Zambia. In this study we aimed to explore adolescent girls’ experiences and opinions of being interviewed about sexual and reproductive health when participating in the trial. We combined group discussions with girl participants and individual interviews with teachers. Participants said they felt shy, embarrassed or uncomfortable when asked questions about sex, pregnancy and abortion face-to-face. Teachers, girls and interviewers alike noted that very direct questions limit what the participants may be willing to share. Efforts by interviewers to signal that they did not judge the participants for their behaviour, and repeated interviews with the same interviewer reduced discomfort over time. Some liked ACASI whereas some said it made it easier to give false answers, and answering on electronic tablets could be challenging. To reduce embarrassment and increase the likelihood of honest answers we recommend avoiding overly direct language and descriptive words, and to relate questions about sexual activity to a romantic relationship. Interviewers who are able to establish familiarity and trust can make participants more comfortable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Isaksen
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Oslo, Norway.,Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Sandøy
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Joseph Zulu
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Oslo, Norway.,School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrea Melberg
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Oslo, Norway.,Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mweetwa Mudenda
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Oslo, Norway.,Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Musonda
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Oslo, Norway.,School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joar Svanemyr
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Oslo, Norway.,Centre for International Health (CIH), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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24
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Zezza A, Martuscelli A, Wollburg P, Gourlay S, Kilic T. Viewpoint: High-frequency phone surveys on COVID-19: Good practices, open questions. Food Policy 2021; 105:102153. [PMID: 34483442 PMCID: PMC8405596 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face survey data collection efforts came to a halt due to lockdowns, limitations on mobility and social distancing requirements. What followed was a surge in phone surveys to fulfill rapidly evolving needs for timely and policy-relevant microdata for understanding the socioeconomic impacts of and responses to the pandemic. Even as the face-to-face survey data collection efforts are resuming in different parts of the world with COVID-19 safety protocols, the rapidly-acquired experience with phone surveys on the part of national statistical offices and survey practitioners in low- and middle-income countries appears to have formed the foundation for phone surveys to be more commonly implemented in the post-pandemic era, in response to other shocks and as complementary efforts to face-to-face surveys. Informed by the practical experience with the high-frequency phone surveys that have been implemented with support from the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) to monitor the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides an overview of options for the design and implementation of phone surveys to collect representative data from households and individuals. Further, the discussion identifies the requirements for phone surveys to be a mainstay in the toolkits of national statistical offices and the directions for future research on the design and implementation of phone surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Talip Kilic
- Development Data Group, World Bank, United States
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25
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Le A, Han BH, Palamar JJ. When national drug surveys "take too long": An examination of who is at risk for survey fatigue. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108769. [PMID: 34049103 PMCID: PMC8282613 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National surveys are a leading method for estimating prevalence of substance use and other health-related behaviors. However, when a participant perceives a survey as too time-consuming, there is a higher probability of lower quality responses. METHODS We examined data from the 2018 to 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized individuals ages ≥12 in the U.S. (N = 112,184). Participants were asked about 13 drug classes on this hour-long survey, and those reporting use of a drug were asked follow-up questions. We estimated prevalence and correlates of participants stating that the survey took too long to complete. RESULTS An estimated 9.4 % (95 % CI: 8.9-9.8) felt the survey took too long. The more drugs used in the past year, the higher the odds of reporting that the survey took too long. Those reporting use of 8-13 drug classes in particular were at higher odds (aOR = 2.91, 95 % CI: 1.44-5.87). More missing responses was associated with higher odds-particularly when ≥5 drug-related questions were skipped (aOR = 3.26, 95 % CI: 2.26-4.71). Participants who did not speak any English (aOR = 1.74, 95 % CI: 1.31-2.32), have difficulty concentrating (aOR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.23-1.54), and/or had trouble understanding the interview (aOR = 3.99, 95 % CI: 3.51-4.53) were at higher odds, as were those who were older and non-white. Higher education and family income was associated with lower odds. CONCLUSION We identified subgroups of individuals most likely to experience fatigue on a national drug survey. Researchers should recognize that long surveys with extensive follow-up questions may lead to respondent fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Le
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States; New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, United States
| | - Benjamin H Han
- University of California San Diego Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Joseph J Palamar
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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26
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Poblacion A, Ettinger de Cuba S, Cook JT. Comparing Food Security Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations When Choosing Measures. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1945-1947. [PMID: 34247979 PMCID: PMC8173479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Cusworth Walker S, Vick K, Gubner NR, Herting JR, Palinkas LA. Accelerating the conceptual use of behavioral health research in juvenile court decision-making: study protocol. Implement Sci Commun 2021; 2:14. [PMID: 33546742 PMCID: PMC7866460 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-021-00112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The youth criminal-legal system is under heavy political scrutiny with multiple calls for significant transformation. Leaders within the system are faced with rethinking traditional models and are likely to benefit from behavioral health research evidence as they redesign systems. Little is known about how juvenile court systems access and use behavioral health research evidence; further, the field lacks a validated survey measure of behavioral health research use that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of evidence dissemination interventions for policy and system leaders. Conceptual research use is a particularly salient construct for system reform as it describes the process of shifting awareness and the consideration of new frameworks for action. A tool designed to measure the conceptual use of behavioral health research would advance the field's ability to develop effective models of research evidence dissemination, including collaborative planning models to support the use of behavioral health research in reforms of the criminal-legal system. METHODS The ARC Study is a longitudinal, cohort and measurement validation study. It will proceed in two phases. The first phase will focus on measure development using established methods of construct validity (theoretical review, Delphi methods for expert review, cognitive interviewing). The second phase will involve gathering responses from the developed survey to examine scale psychometrics using Rasch analyses, change sensitivity analyses, and associations between research use exposure and conceptual research use among juvenile court leaders. We will recruit juvenile court leaders (judges, administrators, managers, supervisors) from 80 juvenile court jurisdictions with an anticipated sample size of n = 520 respondents. DISCUSSION The study will introduce a new measurement tool for the field that will advance implementation science methods for the study of behavioral health research evidence use in complex policy and decision-making interventions. To date, there are few validated survey measures of conceptual research use and no measures that are validated for measuring change in conceptual frameworks over time among agency leaders. While the study is most directly related to leaders in the youth criminal-legal system, the findings are expected to be informative for research focused on leadership and decision-making in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cusworth Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Kristin Vick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Noah R Gubner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jerald R Herting
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Box 353340, 211 Savery Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence A Palinkas
- Department of Children, Youth and Families, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
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Monroy-Velázquez LV, Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Blanchon P, Alvarez F. The use of artificial substrate units to improve inventories of cryptic crustacean species on Caribbean coral reefs. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10389. [PMID: 33282560 PMCID: PMC7690294 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cryptofauna inhabiting coral reefs are complex assemblages that utilize the space available among dead coral stands and the surrounding coral rubble substrate. They comprise a group of organisms largely overlooked in biodiversity estimates because they are hard to collect and identify, and their collection causes disturbance that is unsustainable in light of widespread reef degradation. Artificial substrate units (ASUs) provide a better sampling alternative and have the potential to enhance biodiversity estimates. The present study examines the effectiveness of ASUs made with defaunated coral rubble to estimate the diversity of motile cryptic crustaceans in the back-reef zone of the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Mexico. Species richness, Simpson’s diversity index, Shannon–Wiener index and the composition of assemblages were compared between ASUs and samples from the surrounding coral rubble substrate. A combined total of 2,740 specimens of 178 different species, belonging to five orders of Crustacea (Amphipoda, Cumacea, Isopoda, Tanaidacea and Decapoda) were collected. Species richness was higher in the surrounding coral rubble and Shannon–Wiener and Simpson indexes were higher in ASUs. Species composition differed between methods, with only 71 species being shared among sampling methods. Decapoda was more speciose in ASUs and Peracarids in the surrounding coral rubble. Combining the use of ASUs with surrounding rubble provided a better inventory of motile cryptic crustacean biodiversity, as 65% of the species were represented by one or two specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Verónica Monroy-Velázquez
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Rosa E Rodríguez-Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Paul Blanchon
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Fernando Alvarez
- Colección Nacional de Crustáceos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, México
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Copas A, Burkill S, Conrad F, Couper MP, Erens B. An evaluation of whether propensity score adjustment can remove the self-selection bias inherent to web panel surveys addressing sensitive health behaviours. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:251. [PMID: 33032535 PMCID: PMC7545552 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In health research, population estimates are generally obtained from probability-based surveys. In market research surveys are frequently conducted from volunteer web panels. Propensity score adjustment (PSA) is often used at analysis to try to remove bias in the web survey, but empirical evidence of its effectiveness is mixed. We assess the ability of PSA to remove bias in the context of sensitive sexual health research and the potential of web panel surveys to replace or supplement probability surveys. Methods Four web panel surveys asked a subset of questions from the third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). Five propensity scores were generated for each web survey. The scores were developed from progressively larger sets of variables, beginning with demographic variables only and ending with demographic, sexual identity, lifestyle, attitudinal and sexual behaviour variables together. The surveys were weighted to match Natsal-3 based on propensity score quintiles. The performance of each survey and weighting was assessed by calculating the average ‘absolute’ odds ratio (inverse of the odds ratio if less than 1) across 22 pre-specified sexual behaviour outcomes of interest comparing the weighted web survey with Natsal-3. The average standard error across odds ratios was examined to assess the impact of weighting upon variance. Results Propensity weighting reduced bias relative to Natsal-3 as more variables were added for males, but had little effect for females, and variance increased for some surveys. Surveys with more biased estimates before propensity weighting showed greater reduction in bias from adjustment. Inconsistencies in performance were evident across surveys and outcomes. For most surveys and outcomes any reduction in bias was only partial and for some outcomes the bias increased. Conclusions Even after propensity weighting using a rich range of information, including some sexual behaviour variables, some bias remained and variance increased for some web surveys. Whilst our findings support the use of PSA for web panel surveys, the reduction in bias is likely to be partial and unpredictable, consistent with the findings from market research. Our results do not support the use of volunteer web panels to generate unbiased population health estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sarah Burkill
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fred Conrad
- Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mick P Couper
- Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bob Erens
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Stark L, Roberts L, Yu G, Tan TM, Nagar A, Ager A. Evaluating the reliability and validity of secondary reporting to measure gender-based violence in conflict and disaster. Confl Health 2020; 14:57. [PMID: 32774451 PMCID: PMC7409445 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-020-00301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately identifying the magnitude of gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian settings is hindered by logistical and methodological complexities. The ‘Neighborhood Method’, an adapted household survey that uses primary and secondary reporting to assess the prevalence of GBV in humanitarian settings, reduces the length of time and cost associated with traditional surveys. Primary female adult respondents disclose incidents of physical violence, intimate and non-intimate partner rape for themselves, other females in their homes (standard reporting) and other women and children in their social networks (secondary reporting). This study examines the reliability and validity of this inclusion of secondary reporting to determine the comparability of the Neighborhood Method to a traditional survey approach. Methods Drawing on data from 1180 women reporting on 3744 females in respondent households and 15,086 in neighboring households across four humanitarian settings (Ethiopia/ Somalia, Liberia, Sri Lanka, and Uganda), reliability of secondary reporting was measured through intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cohen’s kappas. Validity was assessed using two-sample z-tests for differences between standard versus secondary reporting. Results Prevalence estimates comparing a respondent’s household with a neighboring household show closer agreement (ICC: 0.999–0.986) than self-reports vs. secondary reporting on a female counterpoint in a neighboring home (ICC: 0.939–0.98). Kappa statistics analyzing the reliability of two separate neighbors reporting on a third neighbor showed moderate agreement beyond chance alone (κ = 0.45 for physical violence and 0.48 for rape). Prevalence rates corresponded between standard and secondary reports (i.e. showed no statistical difference) in 18 out of 24 compared populations. Conclusions For prevalence of GBV, secondary reporting about neighbors can serve as a useful adjunct to standard survey methodology. Findings offer important initial insights into the consistency and accuracy of secondary reporting as a tool for field epidemiologists in humanitarian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Stark
- Brown School at Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Les Roberts
- Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Gary Yu
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Timothy M Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York Health + Hospitals/Queens, 82-68 164th Street, Queens, NY 11432 USA
| | - Aishwarya Nagar
- Iris Group, Inc, 121 S Estes Drive, Suite 103C, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Alastair Ager
- Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY 10032 USA.,Institute for Global Health & Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU UK
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Simonetti JA, Clinton WL, Taylor L, Mori A, Fihn SD, Helfrich CD, Nelson K. The impact of survey nonresponse on estimates of healthcare employee burnout. Healthc (Amst) 2020; 8:100451. [PMID: 32919589 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2020.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate estimates of burnout prevalence are critical for workforce planning. We assessed survey nonresponse bias and its impact on burnout estimates by linking 27,226 primary care employees to administrative data, categorized by whether they responded to a 2016 workforce survey (19.2% response). We adjusted burnout prevalence by response propensity using mixed-effects logistic regression. Thirty-six percent of respondents screened positive for burnout. There were significant differences between respondents and non-respondents (e.g.,gender, tenure), but no difference between unadjusted (i.e., respondents only) and propensity-adjusted estimates of burnout among the workforce. This provides support that workforce surveys may yield valid burnout estimates despite low response.
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Hadeler E, Gitlow H, Nouri K. Definitions, survey methods, and findings of patient satisfaction studies in teledermatology: a systematic review. Arch Dermatol Res 2020; 313:205-215. [PMID: 32725501 PMCID: PMC7385477 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Remote consultations likely will grow in importance if the COVID-19 pandemic continues. This review analyzes which methods of teledermatology patients prefer by categorizing how recent studies have defined satisfaction, conducted surveys and concluded patients respond to the different modalities of teledermatology. Using PubMed and Cochrane databases, we reviewed studies from April 5th, 2010 to April 5th, 2020 that included the search terms patient satisfaction and teledermatology. All studies that included patient satisfaction as an outcome were included, but studies not published in English were excluded. We examined domains of satisfaction, survey method, study characteristics (including patient population, country, age, study design and evidence score), findings and statistical comparisons. We thoroughly reviewed 23 studies. Definitions of satisfaction varied, but all concluded patients were satisfied with the live-interactive and store-and-forward modalities. The studies reveal that store-and-forward is appropriate for clinicians with established patients who require regular follow-up. Verified areas of care include treatment of chronic conditions, topical skin cancer therapy, wound monitoring, and post-procedural follow-up. Only four studies conducted statistical analyses. One of those studies compared patient preference for each modality of teledermatology with face-to-face dermatology. While this study reported high satisfaction with each mode of teledermatology, patients still preferred face-to-face. Favorable responses to remote diagnostic capabilities suggest that these offerings improve preference for teledermatology. With only one study evaluating preference between each modality and face-to-face dermatology, more studies should address the discrepancy. Surveys that cover all domains of satisfaction may improve assessments and identify where gaps in preference exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hadeler
- Miller School of Medicine Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Howard Gitlow
- Herbert Business School, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Miller School of Medicine Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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Bulkley JE, O'Keeffe-Rosetti M, Wendel CS, Davis JV, Danforth KN, Harrison TN, Kwan ML, Munneke J, Brooks N, Grant M, Leo MC, Banegas M, Weinmann S, McMullen CK. The effect of multiple recruitment contacts on response rates and patterns of missing data in a survey of bladder cancer survivors 6 months after cystectomy. Qual Life Res 2019; 29:879-889. [PMID: 31811594 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Bladder Cancer Quality of Life Study collected detailed and sensitive patient-reported outcomes from bladder cancer survivors in the period after bladder removal surgery, when participation in survey research may present a burden. This paper describes the study recruitment methods and examines the response rates and patterns of missing data. METHODS Detailed surveys focusing on quality of life, healthcare decision-making, and healthcare expenses were mailed to patients 5-7 months after cystectomy. We conducted up to 10 follow-up recruitment calls. We analyzed survey completion rates following each contact in relation to demographic and clinical characteristics, and patterns of missing data across survey content areas. RESULTS The overall response rate was 71% (n = 269/379). This was consistent across patient clinical characteristics; response rates were significantly higher among patients over age 70 and significantly lower among racial and ethnic minority patients compared to non-Hispanic white patients. Each follow-up contact resulted in marginal survey completion rates of at least 10%. Rates of missing data were low across most content areas, even for potentially sensitive questions. Rates of missing data differed significantly by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Despite the effort required to participate in research, this population of cancer survivors showed willingness to share detailed information about quality of life, health care decision-making, and expenses, soon after major cancer surgery. Additional contacts were effective at increasing participation. Response patterns differed by race/ethnicity and other demographic factors. Our data collection methods show that it is feasible to gather detailed patient-reported outcomes during this challenging period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Bulkley
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA.
| | - Maureen O'Keeffe-Rosetti
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | | | - James V Davis
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Kim N Danforth
- Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Teresa N Harrison
- Kaiser Permanente Department of Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn L Kwan
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Julie Munneke
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Neon Brooks
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Marcia Grant
- City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Matthew Banegas
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Sheila Weinmann
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
| | - Carmit K McMullen
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR, 97227-1110, USA
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Weinfurt KP. Viewing assessments of patient-reported heath status as conversations: Implications for developing and evaluating patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:3395-3401. [PMID: 31485914 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are frequently used in research to reflect the patient's perspective. In this commentary, I argue that further improvements can be made in how we develop and evaluate PROMs by viewing assessment as a type of conversation. Philosophically speaking, a PROM assessment can be conceptualized as a formal conversation that serves as a model of an informal, longer, and more nuanced conversation with a research participant about their health experience. Psychologically speaking, evidence from research in survey methodology and discursive psychology shows that respondents to self-report measures behave in ways consistent with the idea that they are doing their best to participate in a conversation, albeit an unusual one. Several suggestions are offered for creating a better conversational context through study materials and PROM instructions, and by improving the yield of cognitive interviews. It is hoped that this commentary can stimulate further discussions in our field regarding how to integrate insights about the conversational nature of assessment from survey research and discursive psychology to better reflect the patient's voice in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Weinfurt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Center for Health Measurement, Duke University Medical Center, 215 Morris Street, Suite 210, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
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Yamada AM, Lee KK, Kim MA, Moine M, Oh H. Beliefs About Etiology and Treatment of Mental Illness Among Korean Presbyterian Pastors. J Relig Health 2019; 58:870-880. [PMID: 30341709 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive study explored pastors' beliefs about etiology and treatment of mental illness. Surveys were completed by mail by 202 Korean and Euro-American Presbyterian clergy. Nearly one-third of Korean pastors viewed bad parenting and demon possession as very important causes of mental illness, in contrast to the more than two-thirds of Euro-American pastors who viewed genetics and chemical imbalances as the most important causes. Compared with their Euro-American counterparts, Korean pastors soundly endorsed spiritual treatment of mental illness. The findings of this study suggest the value of understanding the views of pastors working with populations that underutilize formal mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Yamada
- Department of Adult Mental Health and Wellness, USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Room 102C, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA.
| | | | - Min Ah Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Myongji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Megan Moine
- Department of Adult Mental Health and Wellness, USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Room 102C, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - Hans Oh
- Department of Adult Mental Health and Wellness, USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Room 102C, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
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Kasting ML, Giuliano AR, Reich RR, Roetzheim RG, Duong LM, Thomas E, Nelson DR, Shenkman E, Vadaparampil ST. Hepatitis C virus screening trends: A 2016 update of the National Health Interview Survey. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 60:112-120. [PMID: 30953971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 50% of liver cancer is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Baby boomers are at increased risk and are recommended for one-time HCV screening. However, <13% of baby boomers were screened in 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS We are updating a previous study using 2013-2015 NHIS data to examine HCV screening prevalence by birth cohort, with 2016 data. We used logistic regression to evaluate whether HCV screening prevalence changed over time, stratified by birth cohort. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The sample consisted of 132,742 participants from 2013-2016. Screening increased in baby boomers from 11.9 to 14.1%. Odds of HCV screening for baby boomers was significantly associated with age, gender, race/ethnicity, and other variables and increased significantly with each subsequent year (aOR = 1.21, aOR = 1.33, aOR = 1.42, consecutively). While HCV screening is increasing over time, there is still room for improvement and future interventions should focus on increasing HCV screening among groups demonstrating significantly lower screening prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Kasting
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, 4115 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33617, United States; Moffitt Cancer Center, Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
| | - Richard R Reich
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
| | - Richard G Roetzheim
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, 4115 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33617, United States; University of South Florida, Department of Family Medicine, 13330 USF Laurel Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
| | - Linh M Duong
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, 4115 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33617, United States; University of South Florida, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1475 NW 12(th)Ave, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
| | - David R Nelson
- University of Florida, Department of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Shenkman
- University of Florida Health, Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, 2004 Mowry Road, Ste 2245, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; University of Florida Health, Cancer Population Sciences, 2004 Mowry Road, Ste 2245, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Susan T Vadaparampil
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, 4115 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33617, United States; Moffitt Cancer Center, Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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Kim J, ElRayes W, Anthony RS, Dombrowski K, Watanabe-Galloway S. A Review of Health Survey Research for People with Refugee Background Resettled from Africa: Research Gaps and Methodological Issues. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:160-81. [PMID: 30014446 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed 27 studies on adults with a refugee background resettled from Africa published between 1999 and 2017 to appraise their methodological issues for survey research. Out of 27 studies, eleven used a single sampling method (referral = 1, convenience = 10), and 16 relied on multiple sampling methods, many of which were combinations of referral and convenience. The two most salient recruitment strategies found were building trusted relationships with the community (n = 15), and using recruiters who were culturally and linguistically matched to the refugee communities of interest (n = 14). Fifteen studies used existing data collection instruments, while in 13 studies, researchers developed their own data collection instruments. In-person or phone interviews using bilingual interviewers (n = 21) were the most frequently used mode of data collection, followed by a self-administered survey (n = 7). Our review presents methodological gaps in current refugee health studies, such as limited use of probability sampling approach due to system barriers, lack of information in community engagement and recruitment processes, and insufficient considerations of unique culture and experiences of refugee communities when developing or adapting the instruments. Efforts can be made to guide and facilitate appropriate reporting and development of more scientifically robust survey methodologies for refugee health studies, as well as to improve registration system infrastructure that may help identify these hidden populations more effectively.
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Love AMA, Butz AR, Usher EL, Waiters BL. Open-ended responses from early adolescents: Method matters. J Adolesc 2018; 67:31-34. [PMID: 29890346 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates whether the length and pattern of early adolescents' (N = 261) responses to open-ended self-reflective questions varied according to data collection method: paper and pencil versus online survey. Adolescent students' (Npaper = 157; Ncomputer = 104) responses from a suburban, United States sample of fifth grade students were significantly longer on computerized surveys than on paper surveys. Students provided higher quality responses (i.e., lexically richer) on the computerized survey. Findings were consistent when responses were relevant to two subject areas: mathematics and reading. Results suggest that the use of computerized survey methods in psychological research with early adolescent samples is both appropriate and valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M A Love
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, USA.
| | - Amanda R Butz
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Education, University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA
| | - Ellen L Usher
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Brittany L Waiters
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, USA
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Haber N, Harling G, Cohen J, Mutevedzi T, Tanser F, Gareta D, Herbst K, Pillay D, Bärnighausen T, Fink G. List randomization for eliciting HIV status and sexual behaviors in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a randomized experiment using known true values for validation. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:46. [PMID: 29793433 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND List randomization (LR), a survey method intended to mitigate biases related to sensitive true/false questions, has received recent attention from researchers. However, tests of its validity are limited, with no study comparing LR-elicited results with individually known truths. We conducted a test of LR for HIV-related responses in a high HIV prevalence setting in KwaZulu-Natal. By using researcher-known HIV serostatus and HIV test refusal data, we were able to assess how LR and direct questionnaires perform against individual known truth. METHODS Participants were recruited from the participation list from the 2016 round of the Africa Health Research Institute demographic surveillance system, oversampling individuals who were HIV positive. Participants were randomized to two study arms. In Arm A, participants were presented five true/false statements, one of which was the sensitive item, the others non-sensitive. Participants were then asked how many of the five statements they believed were true. In Arm B, participants were asked about each statement individually. LR estimates used data from both arms, while direct estimates were generated from Arm B alone. We compared elicited responses to HIV testing and serostatus data collected through the demographic surveillance system. RESULTS We enrolled 483 participants, 262 (54%) were randomly assigned to Arm A, and 221 (46%) to Arm B. LR estimated 56% (95% CI: 40 to 72%) of the population to be HIV-negative, compared to 47% (95% CI: 39 to 54%) using direct estimates; the population-estimate of the true value was 32% (95% CI: 28 to 36%). LR estimates yielded HIV test refusal percentages of 55% (95% CI: 37 to 73%) compared to 13% (95% CI: 8 to 17%) by direct estimation, and 15% (95% CI: 12 to 18%) based on observed past behavior. CONCLUSIONS In this context, LR performed poorly when compared to known truth, and did not improve estimates over direct questioning methods when comparing with known truth. These results may reflect difficulties in implementation or comprehension of the LR approach, which is inherently complex. Adjustments to delivery procedures may improve LR's usefulness. Further investigation of the cognitive processes of participants in answering LR surveys is warranted.
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Łaszewska A, Österle A, Wancata J, Simon J. Prevalence of mental diseases in Austria : Systematic review of the published evidence. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2018; 130:141-150. [PMID: 29368240 PMCID: PMC5816100 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-018-1316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing the growing burden of mental diseases is a public health priority. Nevertheless, many countries lack reliable estimates of the proportion of the population affected, which are crucial for health and social policy planning. This study aimed to collect existing evidence on the prevalence of mental diseases in Austria. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using MeSH, EMTREE and free-text terms in seven bibliographic databases. In addition, the references of included papers and relevant Austria-specific websites were searched. Articles published after 1996 pertaining to the Austrian adult population and presenting prevalence data for mental diseases were included in the analysis. RESULTS A total of 2612 records were identified in the database search, 19 of which were included in the analysis, 13 were community-based studies and 6 examined institutionalized populations. Sample sizes ranged from 200 to 15,474. The evidence was centered around depression (n = 6, 32%), eating disorders (n = 4, 21%) and alcohol dependence (n = 3, 16%). While most studies (n = 10, 53%) used questionnaires and scales to identify mental diseases, seven studies used structured clinical interviews, and two studies examined use of psychotropic drugs. Due to the diversity of methodologies, no statistical pooling of prevalence estimates was possible. CONCLUSION Information on the prevalence of mental diseases in Austria is limited and comparability between studies is restricted. A variety of diagnostic instruments, targeted populations and investigated diseases contribute to discrepancies in the prevalence rates. A systematic, large-scale study on the prevalence of mental diseases in Austria is needed for comprehensive and robust epidemiological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Łaszewska
- Department of Health Economics, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/I, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - August Österle
- Institute for Social Policy, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Simon
- Department of Health Economics, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/I, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Beebe TJ, Jacobson RM, Jenkins SM, Lackore KA, Rutten LJF. Testing the Impact of Mixed-Mode Designs (Mail and Web) and Multiple Contact Attempts within Mode (Mail or Web) on Clinician Survey Response. Health Serv Res 2018; 53 Suppl 1:3070-3083. [PMID: 29355920 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare response rate and nonresponse bias across two mixed-mode survey designs and two single-mode designs. DATA SOURCES This experiment was embedded in a clinician survey of knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV vaccination (n = 275). STUDY DESIGN Clinicians were randomly assigned one of two mixed-mode (mail/web or web/mail) or single-mode designs (mail-only/web-only). Differences in response rate and nonresponse bias were assessed. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using a multiple-contact protocol increased response, and sending a web survey first provided the more rapid response. Overall, the mixed-mode survey designs generated final response rates approximately 10 percentage points higher than their single-mode counterparts, although only the final response differences between the mail-only and web/mail conditions attained statistical significance (32.1 percent vs. 48 percent, respectively; p = .005). Observed differences did not result in nonresponse bias. CONCLUSIONS Results support mixing modes of survey administration and web-based data collection in a multiple contact survey data collection protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Beebe
- Division of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Robert M Jacobson
- Division of Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sarah M Jenkins
- Survey Research Center, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kandace A Lackore
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lila J Finney Rutten
- Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Beymer MR, Holloway IW, Grov C. Comparing Self-Reported Demographic and Sexual Behavioral Factors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Recruited Through Mechanical Turk, Qualtrics, and a HIV/STI Clinic-Based Sample: Implications for Researchers and Providers. Arch Sex Behav 2018; 47:133-142. [PMID: 28332037 PMCID: PMC5610054 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment for HIV research among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) has increasingly moved to the online sphere. However, there are limited data comparing the characteristics of clinic-based respondents versus those recruited via online survey platforms. MSM were recruited from three sampling sites (STI clinic, MTurk, and Qualtrics) to participate in a survey from March 2015 to April 2016. Respondents were compared between each of the sampling sites on demographics, sexual history, substance use, and attention filter passage. Attention filter passage was high for the online sampling sites (MTurk = 93%; Qualtrics = 86%), but significantly lower for the clinic-based sampling site (72%). Clinic-based respondents were significantly more racially/ethnically diverse, reported lower income, and reported more unemployment than online respondents. Clinic-based respondents reported significantly more male sexual partners in the previous 3 months (M clinic-based = 6; MTurk = 3.6; Qualtrics = 4.5), a higher proportion of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and/or syphilis in the last year, and a greater proportion of methamphetamine use (clinic-based = 21%; MTurk = 5%), and inhaled nitrates use (clinic-based = 41%; MTurk = 11%). The clinic-based sample demonstrated more demographic diversity and a greater proportion of HIV risk behaviors when compared to the online samples, but also a relatively low attention filter passage rate. We recommend the use of attention filters across all modalities to assess response validity and urge caution with online survey engines as samples may differ demographically and behaviorally when compared to clinic-based respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Beymer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90028, USA.
- Los Angeles LGBT Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ian W Holloway
- Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian Grov
- City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, NY, USA
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Herd P, Schaeffer NC, DiLoreto K, Jacques K, Stevenson J, Rey F, Roan C. The Influence of Social Conditions Across the Life Course on the Human Gut Microbiota: A Pilot Project With the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 73:124-133. [PMID: 28444239 PMCID: PMC5926979 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To test the feasibility of collecting and integrating data on the gut microbiome into one of the most comprehensive longitudinal studies of aging and health, the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS). The long-term goal of this integration is to clarify the contribution of social conditions in shaping the composition of the gut microbiota late in life. Research on the microbiome, which is considered to be of parallel importance to human health as the human genome, has been hindered by human studies with nonrandomly selected samples and with limited data on social conditions over the life course. Methods No existing population-based longitudinal study had collected fecal specimens. Consequently, we created an in-person protocol to collect stool specimens from a subgroup of WLS participants. Results We collected 429 stool specimens, yielding a 74% response rate and one of the largest human samples to date. Discussion The addition of data on the gut microbiome to the WLS-and to other population based longitudinal studies of aging-is feasible, under the right conditions, and can generate innovative research on the relationship between social conditions and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Herd
- Lafollette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Kerryann DiLoreto
- Lafollette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Karen Jacques
- Lafollette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - John Stevenson
- Lafollette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Federico Rey
- Lafollette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Carol Roan
- Lafollette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Giommoni L, Reuter P, Kilmer B. Exploring the perils of cross-national comparisons of drug prevalence: The effect of survey modality. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 181:194-199. [PMID: 29080406 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is significant interest in comparing countries on many different indicators of social problems and policies. Cross-national comparisons of drug prevalence and policies are often hampered by differences in the approach used to reach respondents and the methods used to obtain information in national surveys. The paper explores how much these differences could affect cross-country comparisons. METHODS This study reports prevalence of drug use according to the most recent national household survey and then adjusts estimates as if all national surveys used the same methodology. The analysis focuses on European countries for which the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports data, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Adjustment factors are based on US data. FINDINGS Adjusting for modality differences appears likely to modestly affect the rankings of countries by prevalence, but to an extent that could be important for comparisons. For example, general population surveys suggest that the US had some of the highest cannabis and cocaine prevalence rates circa 2012, but this is partially driven by the use of a modality known to produce higher prevalence estimates. This analysis shows that country rankings are partly an artifact of the mode of interview used in national general population surveys. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary efforts suggest that cross-national prevalence comparisons, policy analyses and, other projects such as estimating the global burden of disease could be improved by adjusting estimates from drug use surveys for differences in modality. Research is needed to create more authoritative adjustment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giommoni
- Cardiff University, School of Social Sciences, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Reuter
- School of Public Policy and Department of Criminology, University of Maryland, United States
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Suzuki E, Mackenzie L, Sanson-Fisher R, Carey M, D'Este C, Asada H, Toi M. Acceptability of a Touch Screen Tablet Psychosocial Survey Administered to Radiation Therapy Patients in Japan. Int J Behav Med 2016; 23:485-91. [PMID: 26249725 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in western clinical settings suggest that touch screen computer surveys are an acceptable mode of collecting information about cancer patients' wellbeing PURPOSE We examined the acceptability of a touch screen tablet survey among cancer patients in Japan. METHODS Eligible patients (n = 262) attending a university hospital radiation therapy (RT) department were invited to complete a touch screen tablet survey about psychosocial communication and care. Survey consent and completion rates, the proportion and characteristics of patients who completed the touch screen survey unassisted, and patient-reported acceptability were assessed. RESULTS Of 158 consenting patients (consent rate 60 % [95 % CI 54, 66 %] of eligible patients), 152 completed the touch screen computer survey (completion rate 58 % [95 % CI 52, 64 %] of eligible patients). The survey was completed without assistance by 74 % (n = 113; 95 % CI 67, 81 %) of respondents. Older age was associated with higher odds of having assistance with survey completion (OR 1.09; 95 % CI 1.04, 1.14 %). Ninety-two percent of patients (95 % CI 86, 96 %) felt that the touch screen survey was easy to use and 95 % (95 % CI 90, 98 %) agreed or strongly agreed that they were comfortable answering the questions. Overall, 65 % (95 % CI 57, 73 %) of respondents would be willing to complete such a survey more than once while waiting for RT treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although patient self-reported acceptability of the touch screen survey was high, self-administered touch screen tablet surveys may not be entirely appropriate for older cancer patients or possibly for patients with lower educational attainment.
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Van Landingham C, Fuller W, Mariano G, Marano K, Curtin G, Sulsky SI. Data on cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases among smokers of menthol and non-menthol cigarettes compiled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2012. Data Brief 2017; 12:386-399. [PMID: 28491944 PMCID: PMC5415547 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This Data in Brief contains results from three different survey logistic regression models comparing risks of self-reported diagnoses of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases among smokers of menthol and non-menthol cigarettes. Analyses employ data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles administered between 1999 and 2012, combined and in subsets. Raw data may be downloaded from the National Center for Health Statistics. Results were not much affected by which covariates were included in the models, but depended strongly on the NHANES cycles included in the analysis. All three models returned elevated risk estimates for three endpoints when they were run in individual NHANES cycles (congestive heart failure in 2001-02; hypertension in 2003-04; and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2005-06), and all three models returned null results for these endpoints when data from 1999-2012 were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Fuller
- Ramboll Environ, 3107 Armand Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Greg Mariano
- Ramboll Environ US Corporation, 4350 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22203, United States
| | - Kristin Marano
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, P.O. Box 464, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, United States
| | - Geoffrey Curtin
- RAI Services Company, 401 North Main Street, P.O. Box 464, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, United States
| | - Sandra I Sulsky
- Ramboll Environ US Corporation, 28 Amity Street, Suite 2A, Amherst, MA 01002, United States
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Thomson KC, Guhn M, Richardson CG, Shoveller JA. Associations between household educational attainment and adolescent positive mental health in Canada. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:403-410. [PMID: 29349233 PMCID: PMC5769049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the determinants of positive mental health, as opposed to focusing on mental illness, is a new research direction with important implications for population health promotion. Past research suggests that mental health develops in early childhood and that social factors including highest household educational attainment may play an important role. The current study examined the association between household educational attainment and adolescent self-reported positive mental health in a nationally representative Canadian sample using data from the 2011-12 Canadian Community Health Survey. The sample included 10,091 adolescents aged 12 to19 living at home with at least one parent. Household educational attainment was obtained from a Statistics Canada derived variable documenting the highest level of education in the household. Adolescent positive mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Continuum scale. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that after adjusting for household income, single parent status, and household size, adolescents had lower odds of experiencing positive mental health in households in which attempted but not completed post-secondary was the highest education level compared to completed post-secondary education (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.44, 0.95). This association was strongest in adolescents aged 12 to14 (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.84) and females (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.29, 0.88). Contrary to expectations, we did not find an incremental increasing association between adolescent positive mental health and household educational attainment. Instead, results suggested that common underlying factors may have contributed both to uncompleted post-secondary education in the household and adolescents’ diminished positive mental health. Social factors including household educational attainment have been shown to predict child and adolescent mental health problems. Associations with young people’s positive mental health are less clear. Adolescents self-reported their positive mental health in a national survey. Household non-completion of post-secondary school was associated with lower adolescent positive mental health. This association was stronger among younger adolescents and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Thomson
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Suite 440 - 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Martin Guhn
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Suite 440 - 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Chris G Richardson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.,Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, 588 - 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6Z 1Y6
| | - Jean A Shoveller
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Van Landingham C, Fuller W, Mariano G, Marano K, Curtin G, Sulsky SI. Stroke risk among menthol versus non-menthol cigarette smokers in the United States: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 85:64-9. [PMID: 28163170 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Though available evidence is relatively consistent in showing no additional health effects among smokers due to menthol in cigarettes, two studies reported conflicting results for stroke risk using different subsets of NHANES data. We investigated reasons for the differences in these reports by analyzing NHANES cycles conducted between 1999 and 2012, combined and in subsets. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from three different survey logistic regression models compare risk of reported stroke diagnoses among menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers. Depending on timeframe, about 1150 to 8000 U.S. adults (aged ≥ 20 years) who smoked on ≥ 1 of the last 30 days had complete data for cigarette type and all covariates included in each model. Results were not much affected by which covariates were included in the models, but depended strongly on the NHANES cycles included in the analysis. Using NHANES 1999-2012 data combined, AORs and 95% CIs for stroke comparing menthol with non-menthol cigarette smokers were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.37), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.59, 1.23) or 0.86 (95% CI: 0.59, 1.25). Collectively, findings illustrate the need for fully reporting research and analytical methods, especially when analyses are meant to develop evidence intended for regulatory decision-making.
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Ghanouni A, Nuttall E, Wardle J, von Wagner C. Testing whether barriers to a hypothetical screening test affect unrelated perceived benefits and vice versa: A randomised, experimental study. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100:e1-e24. [PMID: 27692493 PMCID: PMC5332122 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine whether (fictitious) health screening test benefits affect perceptions of (unrelated) barriers, and barriers affect perceptions of benefits. METHODS UK adults were recruited via an online survey panel and randomised to receive a vignette describing a hypothetical screening test with either high or low benefits (higher vs. lower mortality reduction) and high or low barriers (severe vs. mild side-effects; a 2×2 factorial design). ANOVAs compared mean perceived benefits and barriers scores. Screening 'intentions' were compared using Pearson's χ2 test. RESULTS Benefits were rated less favourably when barriers were high (mean: 27.4, standard deviation: 5.3) than when they were low (M: 28.5, SD: 4.8; p=0.010, partial η2=0.031). Barriers were rated more negatively when benefits were low (M: 17.1, SD: 7.6) than when they were high (M: 15.7, SD: 7.3; p=0.023, partial η2=0.024). Most intended to have the test in all conditions (73-81%); except for the low benefit-high barrier condition (37%; p<0.0005; N=218). CONCLUSIONS Perceptions of test attributes may be influenced by unrelated characteristics. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Reducing screening test barriers alone may have suboptimal effects on perceptions of barriers if benefits remain low; increasing screening benefits may not improve perceptions of benefits if barriers remain high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ghanouni
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ella Nuttall
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Wardle
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christian von Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Warren JR, Milesi C, Grigorian K, Humphries M, Muller C, Grodsky E. Do inferences about mortality rates and disparities vary by source of mortality information? Ann Epidemiol 2016; 27:121-127. [PMID: 27964929 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Researchers who study mortality among survey participants have multiple options for obtaining information about which participants died (and when and how they died). Some use public record and commercial databases; others use the National Death Index; some use the Social Security Death Master File; and still others triangulate sources and use Internet searches and genealogic methods. We ask how inferences about mortality rates and disparities depend on the choice of source of mortality information. METHODS Using data on a large, nationally representative cohort of people who were first interviewed as high school sophomores in 1980 and for whom we have extensive identifying information, we describe mortality rates and disparities through about age 50 using four separate sources of mortality data. We rely on cross-tabular and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS These sources of mortality information often disagree about which of our panelists died by about age 50 and also about overall mortality rates. However, differences in mortality rates (i.e., by sex, race/ethnicity, education) are similar across of sources of mortality data. CONCLUSION Researchers' source of mortality information affects estimates of overall mortality rates but not estimates of differential mortality by sex, race and/or ethnicity, or education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chandra Muller
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas-Austin, Austin
| | - Eric Grodsky
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
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