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Sharaf M, Badran A, Abou El Fadl RK. Association between periodontal health and trait anxiety in Egyptian women: A cross-sectional study. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3462-3470. [PMID: 37983861 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the relationship between periodontal problems and trait anxiety in a sample of Egyptian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Egyptian validated Arabic version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait subscale was used to measure levels of trait anxiety, and the periodontal health status of 451 Egyptian women was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Data were also collected on potential covariates such as age, educational level, marital status, parity, smoking, and oral healthcare-seeking behavior. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the association between periodontal diseases and trait anxiety. RESULTS Among study participants, and after adjusting for some of the potential confounders, trait anxiety exhibited weak association with periodontal diseases (OR: 1.11; 95% CI= 1.07, 1.14; p <0.001). Also, old age (OR: 1.12; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.17; p < 0.001) as well as parity (OR: 7.26; 95% CI = 2.89, 18.27; p <0.001) were significantly associated with periodontal problems in the adjusted model. CONCLUSION While the study findings may implicate that personality traits, such as trait anxiety, could be linked to periodontal diseases more research is warranted to confirm or reject this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Sharaf
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Badran
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Khaled Abou El Fadl
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lima KM, Calado KAA, Pereira ADFV, da Silva MCP, Lopes FF. MMP-8 in Periodontal Sites of Postpartum and without-Any-Pregnancy Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:739. [PMID: 38928985 PMCID: PMC11203714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The hypothesis that physiological changes in women can affect periodontal tissues is the subject of this study, and inflammatory markers such as matrix metalloproteinase-8 can measure susceptibility to inflammation. The study aimed to analyze MMP-8 levels in periodontal sites of postpartum women and women without a history of pregnancy, comparing health parameters and periodontal disease. This is a case-control study with 40 participants, 20 cases (women in the postpartum period) and 20 controls (women without any pregnancy), who underwent clinical periodontal examination and the collection of crevicular gingival fluid. The ELISA test was used to detect MMP-8 levels. Postpartum women had worse periodontal parameters, such as bleeding index on probing, number of sites with CAL ≥ 3, and fewer teeth present. In the group of women without a history of pregnancy, a significantly lower MMP-8 level was observed in healthy sites and a higher one was observed in periodontal pockets (p < 0.01). In contrast, in postpartum women, MMP-8 levels were elevated in both healthy sites and periodontal pockets (p > 0.01). The MMP-8 levels in gingival fluid appear to be related to periodontal clinical parameters and may be a possible marker of enzymatic changes involved in periodontal tissue destruction in postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Martins Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís CEP 65080-805, Brazil;
| | - Keiko Aramaki Abreu Calado
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís CEP 65080-805, Brazil; (K.A.A.C.); (M.C.P.d.S.)
| | | | - Mayara Cristina Pinto da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís CEP 65080-805, Brazil; (K.A.A.C.); (M.C.P.d.S.)
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís CEP 65080-805, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís CEP 65080-805, Brazil; (K.A.A.C.); (M.C.P.d.S.)
- Teacher of the Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís CEP 65080-805, Brazil;
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Butera A, Pascadopoli M, Nardi MG, Ogliari C, Chiesa A, Preda C, Perego G, Scribante A. Clinical Use of Paraprobiotics for Pregnant Women with Periodontitis: Randomized Clinical Trial. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:116. [PMID: 38668028 PMCID: PMC11049446 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is very common in pregnant women. Paraprobiotics are a subset of probiotics. They can be defined as inactivated microbial cells providing health benefits to the host and are considered particularly safe. The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal health of pregnant women and puerperae after 6 months of home use of paraprobiotics. A total of 30 pregnant women were enrolled and divided into two groups: the test group, who had to use a paraprobiotic-based toothpaste (Biorepair Peribioma Pro, Coswell S.p.A., Funo di Argelato, BO, Italy) and mousse (Mousse Mouthwash Biorepair Peribioma, Coswell S.p.A.) twice a day, and the control group, who had to use only the paraprobiotic-based toothpaste. The time frames of the study were: 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2) and 6 months (T3), and data were collected during pregnancy and in the period immediately following delivery. The following indices were evaluated at T0, T1, T2 and T3: clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque control record (PCR), modified marginal gingival index (mMGI), papillary marginal gingival index (PMGI) and recessions (R). All data were subjected to statistical analysis. PCR decreased significantly from T0 to T1 in the control group and from T0 to T2 and from T0 to T3 in the test group. BOP tended to decrease in both groups, but a significant reduction was observed only in the test group. CAL, PPD, PMGI and mMGI tended to decrease gradually in both groups without significant differences between or within groups. The combination of the paraprobiotic-based toothpaste and the paraprobiotic-based mousse significantly reduced BoP and plaque control over time, although there were no significant differences with the use of the paraprobiotic-based toothpaste alone. In addition, the combination of the two products promoted a trend towards the better stabilization of recessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pascadopoli
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Nardi
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Preda
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Perego
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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El Hassan NK, Ramadan AM. Interleukin 1 beta and its association with the periodontal health of pregnant women. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1376-1383. [PMID: 37332485 PMCID: PMC10275976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we measured and compared serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in pregnant women with periodontitis and pregnant women with a healthy periodontium. We also determined the prevalence of periodontitis among pregnant women attending Omdurman Midwifery Hospital. Materials This was a hospital-based clinical study and laboratory investigation using ELISA tests of 80 pregnant women in the third trimester conducted at the Omdurman Midwifery Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. The study group consisted of 50 women while the control group consisted of 30 women. Results Independent samples t-tests were used to compare serum and GCF levels of IL-1β between the study and control groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was also used to compare gingival parameters and IL-1β levels in the GCF. For each comparison, the p-value was fixed at 0.05. The GCF in the research group showed a considerable increase in IL-1β levels. There was also a strong positive association between high IL-1β levels in the research group's GCF and probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) levels. Conclusions Our study provides further evidence that periodontitis, as measured by a PD ≥4 mm and a CAL ≥3 mm, is associated with an increased level of IL-1β in the GCF of pregnant women with active periodontal disease during pregnancy and may include the transient translocation of oral organisms to the utero-placental unit, inciting placental inflammation or oxidative stress early in pregnancy, ultimately resulting in placental damage and clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K.B. El Hassan
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Surgery, El Razi University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - AbdelRahman M. Ramadan
- Department of Oral and Basic Clinical Sceinces, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, KSA
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Oziegbe EO, Schepartz LA. Parity, dental caries and implications for maternal depletion syndrome in northern Nigerian Hausa women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281653. [PMID: 36862679 PMCID: PMC9980799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female reproductive history, especially high parity, affects general health and may impact negatively on oral health. While parity has been positively linked to tooth loss, the specific association between parity and caries has not been adequately investigated. AIM To determine the association between parity and caries in a population of higher parity women. Influences of likely confounders (age, socio-economic status, reproductive parameters, oral health practices and sugar consumption between meals) were considered. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 635 Hausa women of varying parity aged 13-80 years. Socio-demographic status, oral health practices and sugar consumption were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. All decayed, missing and filled teeth due to caries (excluding third molars) were noted, and tooth loss etiology was queried. Associations with caries were evaluated through correlation, ANOVA, post hoc analyses and Student's t tests. Effect sizes were considered for magnitude of differences. Multiple regression (binomial model) was used to investigate predictors of caries. RESULTS Hausa women had a high prevalence of caries (41.4%) despite low sugar consumption; nonetheless the overall mean DMFT score was very low (1.23 ± 2.42). Older, higher parity women experienced more caries, as did those with longer reproductive spans. Additionally, poor oral hygiene, use of fluoride toothpaste and frequency of sugar consumption were significantly associated with caries. CONCLUSION Higher parity (>6 children) was associated with higher DMFT scores. These results suggest that a form of maternal depletion, expressed as heightened caries susceptibility and subsequent tooth loss, occurs with higher parity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynne A. Schepartz
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America,* E-mail:
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Wen X, Fu X, Zhao C, Yang L, Huang R. The bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy via the interaction of oral microorganisms, hormone and immune response. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1070917. [PMID: 36778874 PMCID: PMC9908602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease has been suggested to be linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are a significant public health issue with important clinical and societal repercussions. This article systematically reviews the available epidemiological studies involving the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes over the past 15 years, and finds a weak but independent association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontal disease. The bidirectional association and the potential mechanisms are then explored, focusing on three possible mechanisms: inflammatory reaction, oral microorganisms and immune response. Specifically, elevated systemic inflammation and increased periodontal pathogens with their toxic products, along with a relatively suppressed immune system may lead to the disruption of homeostasis within fetal-placental unit and thus induce adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review also explains the possible mechanisms around why women are more susceptible to periodontal disease. In conclusion, pregnant women are more likely to develop periodontal disease due to hormonal changes, and periodontal disease has also been suspected to increase the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, in order to lessen the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, both obstetricians and dentists should pay attention to the development of periodontal diseases among women during pregnancy.
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Incarceration exposure and women's oral health experiences during pregnancy. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115467. [PMID: 36288649 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prior research has documented an association between incarceration and poor oral health outcomes. Likewise, recent scholarship has also detailed that women exposed to incarceration either directly or vicariously through a partner during pregnancy incur worse health outcomes. However, no previous research has assessed the connection between incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE The current study assesses the link between maternal incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy. METHODS Data are from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from years 2016-2019 (N = 60,342). Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between incarceration and oral health. RESULTS Women exposed to incarceration exhibited worse oral health outcomes in the form of being more likely to report not knowing the importance of oral care, not having an oral health discussion with a provider, not getting a teeth cleaning, as well as being likely to report needing to see a dental provider, having visited a dental provider for a problem during pregnancy, and having more unmet dental care needs. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to a burgeoning literature that demonstrates a woman's prenatal exposure to incarceration poses risk for overall health and wellbeing. Given the influence of both incarceration exposure and oral health during pregnancy for maternal and infant health, the findings suggest that coordination between criminal justice, public health, and oral health experts can develop programmatic efforts that expand access to oral health care and improve oral health literacy among incarceration-exposed pregnant women.
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Chen P, Hong F, Yu X. Prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2022; 125:104253. [PMID: 35998741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to systematically assess the epidemic trend of periodontal disease in pregnancy. DATA Eligibility criteria comprised studies that reported periodontitis and the periodontal indicators of BOP (+) or CAL≥4 mm or PD≥4 mm among pregnant women. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied where applicable. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for prevalence studies proposed by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the pooled effect measures. Q-statistic, I2 statistic, subgroup and sensitivity analyses assessed study heterogeneity. SOURCES Electronic search of articles was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Ovid from January 2000 to January 2022. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of periodontitis among pregnancy was 40% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): [0.15, 1.00]). The prevalence rates were 67% (CI [0.56, 0.80]), 42% (CI [0.27, 0.57]) and 24% (CI [0.12, 0.37]) for BOP (+), PD≥4 mm and CAL≥4 mm respectively. Regarding subgroup meta-analyses, the prevalence rates of BOP (+) and PD≥4 mm presented a gradual increase throughout pregnancy, while the highest prevalence rate of CAL≥4 mm was in the 2nd trimester. CONCLUSIONS It was observed a high prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnancy. However, heterogeneity was high among included studies. More high-quality epidemiologic investigations on periodontal disease in pregnancy are still needed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Periodontal disease in pregnancy is highly prevalent which results in a reduced quality of life, frequent systemic pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Given the unhealthy consequences, public health impact, and expansive disease burden, it is worthwhile to investigate more aspects of periodontal disease during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Feiruo Hong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuefen Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang, University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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Oyaro B, Lokken E, Alumera H, Hussein S, Richardson B, Mandaliya K, Jaoko W, Kinuthia J, Dimba E, Kemoli A, McClelland RS. Prevalence and correlates of periodontitis among Kenyan women planning to conceive. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:216. [PMID: 35642032 PMCID: PMC9152835 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Little is known about the burden and risk factors for periodontitis among reproductive age women in sub-Saharan Africa. This analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of periodontitis among Kenyan women planning to conceive. Methods HIV-seronegative, reproductive-age women who were planning to conceive were enrolled and underwent a periodontal examination. Following the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical case definitions, the presence and severity of periodontitis was determined by establishing the level of clinical periodontal attachment loss and graded in three categories: no/mild, moderate, and severe. Secondary outcomes included the scores on the Gingival Index and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index. Correlates of periodontitis were examined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results Of the 647 women in the study, 84% (n = 541) had no/mild periodontitis, 15% (n = 97) had moderate periodontitis, and 1% (n = 9) had severe periodontitis. Mild gingivitis was present in 61% (n = 396) of women, while 27% (n = 176) had moderate gingivitis, and 1% (n = 9) had severe gingivitis. The majority (75%, n = 487) of women had a DMFT index in the very low range (score < 5). Periodontitis was observed in 12% (12/101) of nulliparous women compared to 13% (36/286) of women with one prior delivery (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.57–1.96), 21% (36/170) of women with two prior deliveries (PR 1.78, 95% CI 0.97–3.26), and 24% (22/90) of women with 3 or more prior deliveries (PR 2.06, 95% CI 1.08–3.92). Conclusion This study demonstrated a substantial prevalence of moderate-severe periodontitis among women planning to conceive in Kenya. These results highlight the need to address the oral care needs of reproductive age women, particularly those with multiple prior pregnancies.
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Hormonal Fluctuations and Periodontal Status in Postmenopausal Women. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:9990451. [PMID: 35585960 PMCID: PMC9110255 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9990451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. While the short-term effects of hormonal events on gingival inflammation have been well described, their long-term effects on the periodontium have received less attention. Our investigation was aimed at evaluating the correlation between hormonal fluctuations and periodontal status in postmenopausal women from the profile of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study. Material and Methods. We used the data obtained from the profile of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) as a part of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The RCS includes 10,000 participants aged 35–70 years old. Among this population, the periodontal status data of 4143 women were available. Of these 4,143, the postmenopausal women were included in the study, and those who had a history of gingival treatment during the past 6 months were excluded from the study. Finally, 928 postmenopausal women were included in the present study. Periodontal status was assessed by measuring the clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, and bleeding on probing (BOP). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were applied using three different models. Results. The results showed that 53.2% of postmenopausal women had periodontitis. There were significant differences between the participants with and without periodontitis in brushing frequency and educational status
. After adjusting for all potential confounders, no correlation was found between hormonal fluctuations and periodontal status. Conclusion. There was no correlation between hormonal fluctuations and periodontal status.
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Gallardo Chávez LM, Rodríguez Díaz JM, Juárez Medel CA, Hernández Clemente J, Herrera Santos AU. Prevalence of gingivitis and risk factors among pregnant women from Acapulco, Guerrero: a cross-sectional study. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e094. [PMID: 38389910 PMCID: PMC10880682 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1001-2022-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gingivitis is a condition that has been associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response of the gums to oral biofilm, attributed to the secretion of hormones during pregnancy. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of gingivitis and identify associated risk factors among pregnant women in a private medical clinic from Acapulco, Guerrero. Material and methods Cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 92 pregnant women, during the period from January to March 2020. A self-administered questionnaire collected sociodemographic data, economic income, oral hygiene habits and personal pathological history. The periodontium was evaluated based on the new classification of gingival health and gingivitis induced by oral biofilm on six representative teeth. Multivariate analysis identified factors associated with gingivitis using the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval as an estimate of the strength of association with CIETmap statistical software. Results The prevalence of gingivitis was 60% (55/92). Two factors remained in the final model of the multivariate analysis. The main associated strength was found in the variable of not using oral hygiene aids (ORa= 6.76; CI 95%= 2.01-22.78). The other variable was not attending dental visits (ORa= 3.74; CI 95%= 1.44-9.73). Conclusion Gingivitis affected about six out of ten pregnant women. Knowing the risk factors, it will be important to reinforce health education strategies and the importance of clinical monitoring during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Juárez Medel
- Departamento de Apoyo a Investigacion de la Coordinacion de Investigacion Educativa. Coordinacion de Formacion y Capacitacion del Personal de Salud de la Unidad de Coordinacion Nacional Medica del Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar, Acapulco. Guerrero, Mexico. Departamento de Apoyo a Investigacion de la Coordinacion de Investigacion Educativa Coordinacion de Formacion y Capacitacion del Personal de Salud de la Unidad de Coordinacion Nacional Medica Instituto de Salud para el Bienestar Acapulco. Guerrero Mexico
| | - Janitzie Hernández Clemente
- Jurisdiccion Sanitaria de la Secretaria de Salud, Acapulco. Guerrero, Mexico. Jurisdiccion Sanitaria de la Secretaria de Salud Acapulco. Guerrero Mexico
| | - Arnold Uriel Herrera Santos
- Division de Periodoncia, Universidad Tecnologica de Mexico. Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. Universidad Tecnologica de Mexico Division de Periodoncia Universidad Tecnologica de Mexico Ciudad de Mexico Mexico
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Morelli E, Broadbent J, Knight E, Leichter J, Thomson W. Does having children affect women's oral health? A longitudinal study. J Public Health Dent 2022; 82:31-39. [PMID: 34124780 PMCID: PMC8669016 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many believe women's oral health deteriorates as a result of having children. If so, such associations should exist among women but not among men. The aims of this study were to investigate whether number of children is associated with experience of dental disease and tooth loss among both men and women and to examine whether this association is affected by other variables of interest. METHODS This study used data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development study, a longitudinal study of 1037 individuals (48.4% female) born from April 1972 to March 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand, who have been examined repeatedly from birth to age 45 years. RESULTS Data were available for 437 women and 431 men. Those with low educational attainment were more likely to have more children and began having children earlier in life. Having more children was associated with experiencing more dental caries and tooth loss by age 45, but this association was dependent on the age at which the children were had. Those entering parenthood earlier in life (by age 26) had poorer dental health than those entering parenthood later in life, or those without children. There was no association between number of children and periodontal attachment loss (PAL). Low educational attainment, poor plaque control, never routine dental attendance, and smoking (for PAL) were associated with PAL, caries experience, and tooth loss. CONCLUSIONS Social factors associated with both the timing of reproductive patterns and health behaviors influence the risk of dental disease and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Morelli
- University of Otago – Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J.M. Broadbent
- University of Otago – Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - E. Knight
- University of Otago – Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J. Leichter
- University of Otago – Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W.M. Thomson
- University of Otago – Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Terzic M, Aimagambetova G, Terzic S, Radunovic M, Bapayeva G, Laganà AS. Periodontal Pathogens and Preterm Birth: Current Knowledge and Further Interventions. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060730. [PMID: 34207831 PMCID: PMC8227634 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm labor is defined as a birth before 37 weeks of gestation and occurs in 5–20% of pregnancies. Preterm labor, as multifactorial entity associated with a high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, is influenced by maternal, fetal and environmental factors. Microbiological studies suggest that infectious pathogens may account for 25–40% of preterm birth. Infections of different sites, like genital, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia, are linked to the preterm labor. The most recent epidemiological studies consistently report that maternal periodontal disease is associated with preterm delivery, as well as the association between the presence of pathogenic oral bacteria in the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes. On the other hand, some previously published papers found periodontal bacteria in placentas of term pregnancies. In spite of a huge research done on the topic, both experimental and clinical, there are many controversial opinions about the role of periodontal infections in preterm birth. Thus, this comprehensive review addresses this very important topic and evaluates novel strategies of preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.T.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, National Research Center of Mother and Child Health, University Medical Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gulzhanat Aimagambetova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanja Terzic
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Milena Radunovic
- Laboratory for Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Gauri Bapayeva
- Clinical Academic Department of Women’s Health, National Research Center of Mother and Child Health, University Medical Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Hunsrisakhun J, Talungchit S, Naorungroj S. Effectiveness of Alcohol-free Mouth Rinse Containing Essential Oils and Fluoride as an Oral Hygiene Adjunct among Pregnant Thai Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 10:803-812. [PMID: 33437716 PMCID: PMC7791593 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_289_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This 3-month, double-blind, two-center, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial compared the improvement of oral hygiene status from alcohol-free essential oils (EO) with 0.05% fluoride mouthwash to the control (0.05% fluoride mouthwash). Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty-four pregnant women were clinically examined to determine Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Plaque Index (PI), and Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI) at baseline, 2 weeks, and 3 months by calibrated examiners. After supragingival scaling and provision of a tooth brushing method, participants were randomly assigned to daily use of alcohol-free EO or the control rinse for 30s at bedtime. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed to assess the effectiveness of alcohol-free EO with 0.05% fluoride mouthwash on MGI, PI, and WTCI scores. Results: One hundred and forty subjects completed the study. The dropout rate of 9.1% (n = 14) was mainly due to loss of follow-up. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the intervention and the control groups for MGI (1.19±0.57 vs. 1.11±0.48, P = 0.371), PI (1.53±0.56 vs. 1.47±0.48, P = 0.439), and WTCI (0.88±0.48 vs. 0.88±0.50, P = 0.990). There was a statistically significant reduction of MGI, PI, and WTCI scores over time (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed for between-group comparisons for all measured indices at any time point. No adverse effect was reported in either group. Conclusion: At the end of 3-month period, improvement of oral hygiene of pregnancy women in this study was evidence. However, the use of alcohol-free EO mouthwash as supplements to the daily oral hygiene did not provide a significant improvement in terms of plaque, gingival, and tongue coating indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaranya Hunsrisakhun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Talungchit
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Common Oral Diseases and Oral Epidemiology Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Common Oral Diseases and Oral Epidemiology Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.,Prosthodontics and Occlusion Rehabilitation Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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15
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Ishikawa S, Konta T, Susa S, Edamatsu K, Ishizawa K, Togashi H, Nagase S, Ueno Y, Kubota I, Yamashita H, Kayama T, Iino M. High Parity Is an Independent Risk Factor for Tooth Loss in Women: A Community-Based Takahata Study in Japan. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 253:77-84. [PMID: 33504756 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.253.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for tooth loss have been widely examined previously. However, no previous study has comprehensively investigated the risk factors, including lifestyle-related specific factors (parity, oral health habits, and socioeconomic status), for fewer than 20 teeth among women in the general population in Japan. This cross-sectional study explored the association of these risk factors, especially parity, with having fewer than 20 teeth among Japanese women. A self-reported questionnaire including items on lifestyle-related risk factors (parity, oral health, diet [e.g., alcohol and sucrose consumption]) and socioeconomic status was sent by post to female residents (age ≥ 40 years) of Takahata town, Yamagata Prefecture, in 2005. Multivariate logistic regression analysis including 3,854 eligible participants was performed to investigate the association between various factors (including parity) and having fewer than 20 teeth. The results indicated that, compared with nulliparous women, women with two, three, and four completed pregnancies had 2.485-, 2.844-, and 4.305-fold increased risk of having fewer than 20 teeth, respectively. Our study is the largest-scale study of the general female population in Japan and the first study to comprehensively investigate risk factors (parity, oral health status, and socioeconomic status) for fewer than 20 teeth. We thus found that higher parity, especially, two or more, was independent risk factors for having less than 20 teeth among Japanese women. In conclusion, the present study emphasizes the importance of good oral health habits in women, especially, during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, to maintain 20 or more teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University
| | - Tsuneo Konta
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Susa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Kaoru Edamatsu
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine.,Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine
| | | | - Satoru Nagase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine
| | - Isao Kubota
- Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine
| | - Hidetoshi Yamashita
- Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine
| | - Takamasa Kayama
- Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University
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16
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Oziegbe EO, Schepartz LA. Association between parity and tooth loss among northern Nigerian Hausa women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 174:451-462. [PMID: 33340105 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female reproduction is associated with physiological, metabolic, and nutritional demands that can negatively affect health and are possibly cumulative when parity is high. While it is probable that maternal oral health is similarly affected, available evidence is based on fairly low parity populations and likely confounders affecting oral health status were not considered. AIM To determine the relationship between parity and tooth loss in a population with many high parity women. Contributions of age, reproductive and socioeconomic parameters, and oral health practices were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 612 Hausa women of all parity levels aged 13-65 years. Women with ≥5 children were considered high parity. Sociodemographic status and oral health practices were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. All teeth present, (excluding third molars) and missing teeth were noted, with inquiries regarding tooth loss etiology. Associations with tooth loss were evaluated through correlations, ANOVA, post hoc analyses and Student's t tests. Effect sizes were used to interpret the magnitude of differences. Multiple regression (negative binomial model) was used to investigate predictors of tooth loss. RESULTS Hausa women had a low prevalence of tooth loss, despite poor oral hygiene, and limited dental care. Older, middle SES, and higher parity women experienced significantly more tooth loss. Additionally, increased duration of reproductively active years was significantly related to fewer remaining teeth. CONCLUSION Higher parity was related to greater tooth loss in Hausa women. Women with ≥5 children experienced more loss than lower parity age mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Human Variation and Identification Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynne A Schepartz
- Human Variation and Identification Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Physical Anthropology and Mediterranean Sections, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Conceição SDS, Gomes-Filho IS, Coelho JMF, Brito SM, Silva RB, Batista JET, Figueiredo ACMG, Hintz AM, Lyrio AO, Souza ES, Pereira MG, Loomer PM, Cruz SSD. An accuracy study of the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis in pregnant women. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1243-1251. [PMID: 33252149 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There exists a diverse range of criteria used in epidemiological studies for the diagnosis of periodontitis. The results from these studies should be evaluated with consideration to the diagnostic criteria used, and this may account for differences between studies especially in some population groups such as pregnant females. The objective is to evaluate the diagnostic criteria used in a variety of epidemiologic studies of periodontitis in pregnant females. METHODS An accuracy study with cross-sectional design was performed out from a database of 671 pregnant females, using six different sets of criteria for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Women were classified for periodontitis, as follows: Center for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP, 2012 criterion), the gold standard, Gomes-Filho et al.(2018) criterion, Albandar et al.(2007) criterion, Bassani et al.(2007) criterion, López et al.(2002) criterion, and Nesse et al.(2008) criterion. For comparison amongst the gold standard and the other criteria, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratio were determined. RESULTS The frequency of periodontitis ranged from 25.0% to 90.2%. The Bassani et al. (2007) criterion was found to be more sensitive among the studies, and thus more suitable for diagnostic screening studies. Gomes-Filho et al.(2018), Albandar et al. (2007), López et al. (2002), and Nesse et al. (2008) criteria were considered more specific, which makes them more useful for studies of periodontitis with the aim of using diagnosis for confirmation of disease. CONCLUSIONS A variation in the occurrence of periodontitis was observed. The criterion must be chosen according to the research aims and population characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheila Monteiro Brito
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberta Borges Silva
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Oliveira Lyrio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elivan Silva Souza
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Michael Loomer
- School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Simone Seixas da Cruz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Bahia, Brazil.,Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
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18
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Liu P, Wen W, Yu KF, Gao X, Lo ECM, Wong MCM. Effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling approach to improve periodontal health of pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:284. [PMID: 33066773 PMCID: PMC7568358 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral hygiene and high hormone levels during pregnancy can lead to a deterioration in periodontal health. This study assessed the effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling program on improving the periodontal health of women during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted among pregnant women (10th-22nd gestational week) and their husbands. Participating families were randomized into test and control groups. Intervention in the test group included explanation of oral health education (OHE) pamphlets, oral hygiene instruction, individualized feedback, and proposed solutions to overcome barriers in self-care. Reinforcements were implemented in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and six months postpartum. In the control group, only OHE pamphlets were distributed. The assessed outcomes were bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket (Poc), loss of clinical attachment (LoA), and Visible Plaque Index (VPI). The data collection was carried out at baseline (T0), in the 32nd gestational week (T1), and 12 months postpartum (T2). RESULTS Altogether 589 pregnant women were recruited, and 369 attended all three visits (test:188; control:181). In the test group, the mean VPI score at T0 was 0.19, which decreased to 0.14 at T1 and 0.15 at T2. In the control group, the mean VPI decreased from 0.19 at T0 to 0.16 at T1, but increased to 0.22 at T2. A main effect of time and intervention and an interaction between time and intervention were detected (all p < 0.05), indicating that the intervention effect differed between T1 and T2. The test group showed a significantly greater decrease over time than the control group did. Similarly, the mean BOP% decreased more significantly over time in the test group (T0:57%, T1:46%, T2:35%) than in the control group (T0:58%, T1:52%, T2:46%). For Poc and LoA, there were improvements in both study groups at 12 months postpartum, compared with during pregnancy (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Providing family-centered, behavioral, and educational counselling to pregnant women at an early stage of pregnancy and with reinforcements can improve their oral hygiene and reduce gingival inflammation. The effect can be sustained over an extended period and is greater than that of distributing oral health leaflets alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov , #NCT02937194. Registered 18 October 2016. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02937194?cond=Family-centered+oral+health+promotion+for+new+parents+and+their+infants&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Weiye Wen
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ka Fung Yu
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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19
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Taguchi A, Nagai K, Ideno Y, Kurabayashi T, Hayashi K. Parity and Number of Teeth in Japanese Women: Results from the Japan Nurses' Health Study. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2020; 1:366-374. [PMID: 33786501 PMCID: PMC7784744 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2020.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Parity is thought to be associated with a decreased number of teeth present in women. However, educational level and social status, which are particularly significant risk factors for loss of teeth, have been heterogeneous in previous observations. This cross-sectional survey aimed to clarify the associations of parity with the risk of having <20 teeth in Japanese female nurses participating in the Japan Nurses' Health Study (JNHS). Methods: In the third follow-up questionnaire of the JNHS, 11,299 women aged 27-82 years participated in this study. The number of participants according to age range was 7,225 (63.9%) aged <50 years and 4,074 (36.1%) aged ≥50 years. Information on parity and risk factors for loss of teeth was collected through a baseline questionnaire and then a follow-up questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of having <20 teeth according to parity category. Results: Participants ≥50 years who had experienced three or more deliveries had a significantly higher risk of having <20 teeth than those who had not experienced delivery (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.14-2.20), although this finding was not observed in participants <50 years. In addition to parity, age and current smoking may be independent risk factors for having <20 teeth in Japanese nurses. Conclusions: Higher-parity female nurses ≥50 years may be more likely to lose teeth than those who have not experienced delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Taguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Kazue Nagai
- School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Ideno
- Gunma University Center for Mathematics and Data Science, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takumi Kurabayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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20
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Saffari M, Sanaeinasab H, Mobini M, Sepandi M, Rashidi-Jahan H, Sehlo MG, Koenig HG. Effect of a health-education program using motivational interviewing on oral health behavior and self-efficacy in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:308-316. [PMID: 32618034 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral health problems are common among pregnant women. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) as a behavior-change technique to enhance self-efficacy and oral health among pregnant women. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 112 pregnant Iranian women. Women in the intervention group received an education program on oral health using MI during two face-to-face sessions, along with routine health education (two 1-h lectures on oral health changes and needs during pregnancy presented as a lecture by an oral health technician over a 2-wk period). Those in the control group received two 1-h lectures on oral health changes and needs during pregnancy. Oral health behaviors, oral health self-efficacy, and general self-efficacy, were assessed, along with gingival and dental health from baseline to the 3-month follow-up. Analysis of covariance was used to determine differences between intervention and control groups. Scores for both general and specific self-efficacy and for healthy behaviors increased in the intervention group, whereas there was no significant change within controls from baseline to follow-up. Between-group analyses also indicated a significant difference in the scores for self-efficacy and behavior favoring the intervention group. Scores on the gingival inflammation index decreased, as did the number of decayed teeth in the intervention group relative to the control group. The number of filled teeth increased significantly in the intervention group. Health education interventions using MI techniques may help to improve oral health-related self-efficacy and behaviors among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.,Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hormoz Sanaeinasab
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.,Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoume Mobini
- Health Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sepandi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Rashidi-Jahan
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad G Sehlo
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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21
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Jesuino BG, Foratori-Junior GA, Missio ALT, Mascoli LS, Sales-Peres SHDC. Periodontal status of women with excessive gestational weight gain and the association with their newborns' health. Int Dent J 2020; 70:396-404. [PMID: 32501575 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the association between high gestational weight gain and systemic and periodontal status of women between the 32nd and 36th gestational weeks of pregnancy (T1) and after delivery (T2), and the association of these factors with newborns' health. METHODS The sample was divided into excessive gestational weight gain (GE = 25) and normal gestational weight gain (GN = 25) and was evaluated regarding: (i) socio-economic status; (ii) systemic and periodontal status; and (iii) newborns' health. The results were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, the t-test, the Friedman test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Cochran's Q test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Women with GE had lower household income (P = 0.010) and higher body mass index (BMI) at both T1 and T2. The prevalence of hypertension at T1 was higher in women with GE, but the condition resolved post-delivery (P = 0.001). Worsening in oral hygiene was observed at T2 in both groups (P < 0.001). Sixty-eight percent of women with GE and 16% of women with GN had periodontitis at T1, and 52% and 12%, respectively, had periodontitis at T2. In women with GE, the BMI of newborns was higher (P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Women with high gestational weight gain also showed a high prevalence of hypertension and periodontitis during pregnancy, and persistent periodontitis after delivery. High gestational weight gain was related to high BMI of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gualtieri Jesuino
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Aparecido Foratori-Junior
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alana Luiza Trenhago Missio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Silva Mascoli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Deems NP, Leuner B. Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100820. [PMID: 31987814 PMCID: PMC7225072 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk and resilience in brain health and disease can be influenced by a variety of factors. While there is a growing appreciation to consider sex as one of these factors, far less attention has been paid to sex-specific variables that may differentially impact females such as pregnancy and reproductive history. In this review, we focus on nervous system disorders which show a female bias and for which there is data from basic research and clinical studies pointing to modification in disease risk and progression during pregnancy, postpartum and/or as a result of parity: multiple sclerosis (MS), depression, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In doing so, we join others (Shors, 2016; Galea et al., 2018a) in aiming to illustrate the importance of looking beyond sex in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Deems
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benedetta Leuner
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychology, Columbus, OH, USA.
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23
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Kubehl K, Temple DH. Reproductive life histories influence cariogenesis: Exploring sex-specific variation in dental caries and survivorship in the human past. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:376-385. [PMID: 32112570 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Differences in dental caries prevalence between males and females is considered a reflection of diet. However, recent syntheses argue that sex-specific variation in dental caries prevalence also reflects changes in the oral cavity attributable to variation in reproductive life histories. This study explores sex-specific variation in carious lesions using a life history perspective to understand if differences in reproductive ecology influence this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Survival probability between 860 males and females from the Terry Collection was compared using carious lesion manifestation (absent, crown presence, root/cemento-enamel junction [CEJ] presence) and sex as covariates and age as a time series variable. A four-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) comparing carious lesion type by sex, age, and periodontal disease presence was used to evaluate interaction between these variables. RESULTS Individuals with carious lesions have greater survivorship than those without lesions. Males and females with crown lesions do not differ in survivorship from individuals without carious lesions. Females with root/CEJ lesions are characterized by the highest survivorship. A significant interaction was found for root/CEJ carious lesions by age, sex, and periodontal disease presence. Root/CEJ lesion formation in older males was not dependent upon periodontal disease presence, though dependence between these variables characterizes postmenopausal females. CONCLUSION Sex-specific variation in crown lesions is not associated with reproductive life histories and likely reflects diet. By contrast, root/CEJ lesions form through pathways attributable to reproductive life histories, particularly age-induced periodontal disease in females. These results suggest the formation of carious lesions is complex, and in some cases, rooted in reproductive life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Kubehl
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel H Temple
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Oziegbe EO, Schepartz LA. Is parity a cause of tooth loss? Perceptions of northern Nigerian Hausa women. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226158. [PMID: 31805174 PMCID: PMC6894835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproduction affects the general health of women, especially when parity is high. The relationship between parity and oral health is not as clear, although it is a widespread customary belief that pregnancy results in tooth loss. Parity has been associated with tooth loss in some populations, but not in others. It is important to understand the perceptions of women regarding the association between parity and tooth loss as these beliefs may influence health behaviors during the reproductive years. AIM To explore the views of Hausa women regarding the link between parity and tooth loss. METHODS Qualitative data were collected through a grounded theory approach with focus group discussions (FGDs) of high and low parity Hausa women (n = 33) in northern Nigeria. Responses were elicited on the causes of tooth loss, effects of tooth loss on women's quality of life, issues of parity and tooth loss, and cultural beliefs about parity and tooth loss. The data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS-ti. RESULTS Respondents associated tooth loss with vomiting during labor, a condition termed 'payar baka'. Poor oral hygiene, excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates, tooth worm, cancer and ageing were also believed to cause tooth loss. The greatest impacts of tooth loss on the lives of the respondents were esthetic and masticatory changes. CONCLUSION Respondents perceived that parity is indirectly linked to tooth loss, as reflected in their views on the association between vomiting during labor and tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O. Oziegbe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynne A. Schepartz
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Abstract
Pregnant women are susceptible to a wide range of oral health conditions that could be harmful to their own health and the future of their baby. There are many myths about the safety of dental care during pregnancy. As a result, pregnant women receive less dental care than when they are not pregnant. In our review, we tried to emphasize the importance and safety of routine dental care for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yenen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Kyrenia Faculty of Dentistry, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Tijen Ataçağ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kyrenia Faculty of Medicine, Kyrenia, Cyprus
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George A, Villarosa AR, Patterson Norrie T, Hoolsema J, Dahlen HG, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Blinkhorn A, Srinivas R, Yaacoub A, Milat A, Skinner J, Johnson M. Process evaluation of the midwifery initiated oral health-dental service program: perceptions of pregnant women. Aust Dent J 2018; 64:55-65. [PMID: 30375645 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women in Australia seldom seek dental care and are unaware of its importance. To address these gaps the midwifery-initiated oral health dental service (MIOH-DS) program was comprehensive trialled and found effective. The aim of this study was to undertake a process evaluation of the MIOH-DS using the perspectives of pregnant women who participated in the trial. METHODS A qualitative research design was utilized, whereby content analysis was undertaken on data from 11 semi-structured interviews with women who participated in the program. RESULTS All participants were receptive of the MIOH-DS intervention, and found it to be an acceptable intervention that met their needs, and encouraged future positive oral health practices and health-seeking behaviours. They expressed that midwives were an appropriate professional to conduct oral health assessments, education and referrals to affordable dental services. Although some participants were initially apprehensive towards receiving treatment during pregnancy, dental staff members were able to appropriately educate and reassure them during treatment. CONCLUSIONS The MIOH-DS represents a promising and acceptable intervention strategy for pregnant women to promote their oral health. Findings merit further investigation on whether positive outcomes achieved can be sustained when implemented in other national or international settings similar to the study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A George
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, University of Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Translational Health Research Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A R Villarosa
- COHORT, Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Patterson Norrie
- COHORT, Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Hoolsema
- COHORT, Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H G Dahlen
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Ajwani
- Sydney Local Health District Oral Health Services, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Bhole
- Sydney Local Health District Oral Health Services, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Blinkhorn
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Srinivas
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Western Sydney University, South Western Sydney Local Health District, University of Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Translational Health Research Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Yaacoub
- Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District Oral Health Services, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Milat
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Skinner
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Johnson
- Ingham Institute Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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