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Velliyagounder K, Chavan K, Markowitz K. Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Impact on Oral Health-A Literature Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:176. [PMID: 38920877 PMCID: PMC11202564 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral disease interventions primarily focus on behavioral changes like dietary improvements and ensuring better oral hygiene. However, recognizing the influence of biological factors, including genetics and early-life nutrition, is crucial. Iron deficiency (ID) and its advanced form, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), affect nearly two billion people globally, especially children and pregnant women. We conducted a comprehensive search using Medline via EndNote and Web of Science, employing keywords related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and we identified 36 studies deemed relevant for inclusion in this literature review. IDA prevalence is notably high among pregnant women and young children. Both IDA and early-childhood caries (ECC) disproportionately affect impoverished populations, highlighting the socioeconomic dimension of this issue. IDA presents with various oral mucosal changes and is closely linked to candidiasis. Additionally, IDA can hinder tooth development and weaken the immune response. Multiple population surveys have revealed a significant association between ECC and IDA. While some studies have explored the IDA-periodontal disease link, the current evidence is relatively limited in its robustness. In conclusion, more comprehensive longitudinal studies are essential to deepen our understanding of the IDA-oral disease connection. Investigating the underlying biological mechanisms is critical to developing effective interventions, particularly for vulnerable populations affected by IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabilan Velliyagounder
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (K.C.); (K.M.)
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Nadeeshani H, Kudagammana ST, Herath C, Jayasinghe R, Liyanage R. Early Childhood Caries and Nutritional Status of Children: A Review. Food Nutr Bull 2023; 44:249-264. [PMID: 38095292 DOI: 10.1177/03795721231209358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health issue affecting children around the world. Severe symptoms and complications commonly found with ECC are adverse effects on health and growth retardation triggered by sensitivity, pain, and abscesses associated with decayed teeth, premature tooth loss, and insufficient food intake due to difficulty in chewing and keeping food in the mouth. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide an overview of the most recent and current evidence on the association between ECC and nutritional status with an aim to stimulate further research and to identify the impact of nutritional status on ECC and vice versa. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were used to search the studies conducted between 2016 and 2022. The included studies were searched using some keyword combinations and saved in Mendeley Desktop for review and referencing. All books, policy briefs, thesis/dissertations, and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded, and 47 studies were selected for this narrative review. RESULTS Many studies have identified long-term, frequent, and nocturnal bottle-feeding and breastfeeding as well as frequent consumption of sugary food and beverages as high-risk factors for ECC. Adverse nutritional status assessed by anthropometric measures, vitamin D status, and iron-deficiency anemia have been studied as risk factors for ECC. CONCLUSIONS Most of the prevailing studies are either case-control or cross-sectional studies, which are unable to provide strong evidence to prove the direction of causality. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to clarify the association between ECC and the nutritional status of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshani Nadeeshani
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Chandra Herath
- Department of Community Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruvini Liyanage
- Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Anne Marie U, Murererehe J, Rehman M, Chittilla M, Uwambaye P, Razzaque MS. Oral manifestations of iron imbalance. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1272902. [PMID: 37899821 PMCID: PMC10611504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1272902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uwitonze Anne Marie
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Julienne Murererehe
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Mahum Rehman
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
| | - Mythri Chittilla
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
| | - Peace Uwambaye
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
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Özyılkan D, Tosun Ö, İslam A. The Impact of Anemia-Related Early Childhood Caries on Parents' and Children's Quality of Life. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59030521. [PMID: 36984522 PMCID: PMC10052039 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, oral diseases are well-known for their effects, not only on daily life but also on quality of life (QoL). Dental caries, especially early childhood caries (ECC), are considered a public health concern as regards their impact on the life quality of children and parents from multiple aspects. The present research was conducted to assess the effect of anemia on oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in terms of children and parents. Materials and Methods: The current study was performed in two independent stages. In the first stage, the Turkish version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), and in the second stage, the Turkish version of the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) were used to measure the effect of anemia-related dental caries among children and parents. SPSS and Jamovi software were used for all calculations, graphs and comparisons. Results: A total of 204 participants (child-parent pairs) were incorporated in the present study. A considerable number of children (81.5%) reported occasional or more frequent oral/dental pain. Secondly, the subscale scores were determined for child symptoms (2.25 ± 0.067), child function (6.8 ± 0.22), child psychology (3.87 ± 0.128), self-image and social interaction (1.74 ± 0.063), parental distress (3.82 ± 0.143), and family function (3.5 ± 0.121). Additionally, more than half of the parents (56.3%) responded "fair" for the health of their children's teeth, lips, jaws and mouth. Similarly, the child's overall well-being was stated as being affected "a lot" by the condition of their child's teeth, lips, jaws or mouth by half of the parents (49.5%). Conclusions: Anemia-related dental caries has a highly negative impact on the quality of life of children and parents according to both of the questionnaires. Therefore, children with high scores should be prioritized for preventive procedures and timely dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dila Özyılkan
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
| | - Özgür Tosun
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus
| | - Aylin İslam
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Lefke, Lefke 99010, Cyprus
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Linas N, Peyron MA, Cousson PY, Decerle N, Hennequin M, Eschevins C, Nicolas E, Collado V. Comprehensive Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia Improves Mastication Capability in Children with Early Childhood Caries-A One-Year Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:677. [PMID: 36612993 PMCID: PMC9819280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using the granulometry of ready-to-swallow food boluses, this study investigated the evolution of masticatory capability of children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) after comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA). METHODS Sixteen children with ECC were assessed before and over one year after dental treatment under GA, in comparison with 12 children with a Healthy Oral State (HOS). Oral health criteria, quality of life, body mass index, and frequency of orofacial dysfunctions were recorded. Masticatory kinematic parameters and median food bolus particle size (D50) at swallowing were assessed while masticating raw carrot (CAR), cheese (CHS), and breakfast cereals (CER). The impact of posterior teeth extractions was analyzed. RESULTS Quality of life and orofacial functions improved after dental treatment. Chewing frequency for all three foods increased without reaching the values of children with HOS, while D50 values for CAR and CHS decreased. After one year, children with posterior teeth extractions exhibited higher D50 values for CAR and CHS than children with only conservative treatment. One third of children with ECC were overweight or obese. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive dental treatment improved children's mastication, and their BMI subsequently increased. Links between mastication and nutrition should be investigated further in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Linas
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Peyron
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Cousson
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Decerle
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Hennequin
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Eschevins
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Nicolas
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Collado
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Wang X, Ma Z, Lei M, Zhao C, Lin X, Cao F, Shi H. Association between early childhood caries and diet quality among Chinese children aged 2-5 years. Front Public Health 2022; 10:974419. [PMID: 36568786 PMCID: PMC9782538 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.974419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major oral problem affecting the health and wellbeing of children worldwide. Diet quality is a better predictor of ECC risk than single foods or specific nutrients. The purposes of this study were to assess the associations between ECC and diet quality among 2- to 5-year-old Chinese children. Methods A total of 150 eligible children were included in this study. The decayed, missing, or filled surface (dmfs) score was recorded for each child by dental examination. All participants were divided into three groups based on their age and dmfs score [the caries-free group, the ECC group, and the severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) group]. Parents were invited to complete a questionnaire on the general characteristics and oral health behaviors of the participants. The information of 24-h dietary intake from each child was captured via a mobile APP. The Chinese diet balance index for preschool children (DBI_C) indicators score, high bound score (HBS), low bound score (LBS), and diet quality distance (DQD) score were calculated to assess the diet quality of study subjects. The associations of ECC with HBS, LBS, DQD score, and DBI_C indicators score were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results In this study, 21, 31, and 98 children were diagnosed with caries-free, ECC, and S-ECC, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the risk of ECC and S-ECC were significantly increased with the DQD score (OR = 1.283 and 1.287, respectively), but both were not associated with HBS and LBS (P > 0.05). In the meantime, the risk of ECC and S-ECC were significantly increased with the Grains score (OR = 1.623 and 1.777, respectively), and significantly decreased with the Food diversity score (OR = 0.271 and 0.315, respectively). Moreover, the risk of S-ECC also significantly decreased with the Vegetables score (OR = 0.137). Conclusion Both ECC and S-ECC were associated with a high degree of dietary imbalance and grains intake as well as a low degree of food diversity among Chinese children aged 2-5 years. In addition, S-ECC was also associated with a low degree of vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Nutrition, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Caiyun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuyan Lin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengdi Cao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Faculty of Dentistry, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology and Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Hong Shi
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Ji S, Guan X, Ma L, Huang P, Lin H, Han R. Iron deficiency anemia associated factors and early childhood caries in Qingdao. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:104. [PMID: 35361164 PMCID: PMC8973523 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been shown to be related to early childhood caries (ECC). However, data on the relationship, if any, between IDA-associated factors and ECC remain scant. This study aimed to explore the interplay between IDA-associated factors and ECC.
Methods This study randomly sampled a total of 1598 children in Qingdao city, and analyzed the severity of ECC using decayed-missing-filled teeth index, while the rate of caries was analyzed following the WHO recommendations. The correlation between IDA and ECC was analyzed by both the chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, we designed an electronic questionnaire and employed the disordered multi-classification logistic regression to interrogate the relationship between the IDA-associated factors and ECC. Results Children with IDA had higher rates and severe ECC than those without IDA (p < 0.001). Children who were breastfed until 2 years old had a higher risk of IDA and ECC, compared to those who were not {OR 3.453 (1.681–7.094)}. Compared with children who had no history of IDA at the age of 2 years or below, those with IDA history had a higher risk of IDA and ECC {OR 8.762 (3.648–21.041)}. In addition, children who had a maternal history of IDA at pregnancy were at a higher risk of IDA and ECC compared to those who had no IDA history at pregnancy {OR 4.913 (2.934–8.226)}. Our data showed that children from a family with an annual income lower than 50,000 Renminbi (RMB) had a higher risk of IDA and ECC compared to those with an annual family income higher than 200,000 RMB {OR 3.421 (1.505–7.775)}. On the other hand, compared with children taking iron supplements, children who did not were at a higher risk of ECC and IDA {OR 5.602 (1.858–16.896)}. Conclusion Factors such as low family income, history of IDA in children aged 2 years or younger, IDA history during pregnancy, children breastfed until 2 years old, and those not taking iron supplements were significantly associated with the occurrence of ECC and IDA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02127-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Ji
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaohang Guan
- Hexi Clinic of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tian Jin, 300000, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Pingping Huang
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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