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Zhou J, Yuan Z, Yang R, Liu T, Lu X, Huang W, Guo L. Coaggregated E. faecalis with F. nucleatum regulated environmental stress responses and inflammatory effects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:336. [PMID: 38761182 PMCID: PMC11102388 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the cell-cell interactions of intergeneric bacterial species, the study detected the survival of Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) under monospecies or coaggregation state with Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum (Fnp) in environmental stress. Ef and Fnp infected the human macrophages with different forms (Ef and Fnp monospecies, Ef-Fnp coaggregates, Ef + Fnp cocultures) for exploring the immunoregulatory effects and the relevant molecular mechanisms. Meanwhile, the transcriptomic profiles of coaggregated Ef and Fnp were analyzed. Ef was shown to coaggregate with Fnp strongly in CAB within 90 min by forming multiplexes clumps. Coaggregation with Fnp reinforced Ef resistance against unfavorable conditions including alkaline, hypertonic, nutrient-starvation, and antibiotic challenges. Compared with monospecies and coculture species, the coaggregation of Ef and Fnp significantly facilitates both species to invade dTHP-1 cells and aid Ef to survive within the cells. Compared with coculture species, dual-species interaction of Ef and Fnp significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and chemokines MCP-1 secreted by dTHP-1 cells and lessened the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and p65 signaling pathways. The transcriptome sequencing results showed that 111 genes were differentially expressed or Ef-Fnp coaggregated species compared to Ef monospecies; 651 genes were differentially expressed for Fnp when coaggregation with Ef. The analysis of KEGG pathway showed that Ef differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in quorum sensing and arginine biosynthesis pathway; Fnp DEGs were differentially concentrated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, biofilm formation, and lysine degradation pathway compared to monospecies. KEY POINTS: • Coaggregated with Fnp aids Ef's survival in environmental stress, especially in root canals after endodontic treatment. • The coaggregation of Ef and Fnp may weaken the pro-inflammatory response and facilitate Ef to evade killed by macrophages. • The coaggregation between Ef and Fnp altered interspecies transcriptional profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Yuan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenling Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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Hameed S, Antony DP, Shanmugam R, Raghu S, Adimulapu HS. Enhancing Antimicrobial Efficacy and Synergistic Effects of Nano-Silica-Based Combinations With Doxycycline, Metronidazole, and Ciprofloxacin Against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms. Cureus 2024; 16:e54668. [PMID: 38524038 PMCID: PMC10960229 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation within root canals poses a challenging problem in endodontics, often leading to treatment failure. To combat this issue, nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for enhancing antimicrobial efficacy. This study explores the potential synergistic effects of combining nanoscale silica particles with conventional antibiotics, including doxycycline, metronidazole, and ciprofloxacin, against E. faecalis biofilms. The unique characteristics of silica nanoparticles, such as their increased reactivity and ability to be functionalized with other compounds, make them ideal candidates for augmenting antibiotic efficacy. This research investigates the antimicrobial properties of these silica-based combinations and their potential to eliminate or inhibit E. faecalis biofilms more effectively than conventional treatments. Methodology: The methods involved the preparation of nanostructured silica particles and their combination with doxycycline, Flagyl, and ciprofloxacin at subinhibitory concentrations. These combinations were then tested against E. faecalis biofilms using the agar well diffusion technique. RESULTS Preliminary results suggested that the synergistic interactions between silica nanoparticles and antibiotics can significantly enhance antimicrobial efficacy. The combined treatment exhibited superior inhibitory effects on E. faecalis compared to antibiotics or silica nanoparticles alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study sheds light on the potential of nanoscale silica-based combinations to address the challenges posed by E. faecalis biofilms in endodontics. Understanding the mechanisms of synergy between nanoparticles and antibiotics can pave the way for the development of more effective and targeted strategies for root canal disinfection, ultimately improving the success rates of endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahul Hameed
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Delphine P Antony
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Sandhya Raghu
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Hima Sandeep Adimulapu
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Thakur J, Mohan S. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Triple, Double, and Cefixime-Based Antibiotic Pastes Against Enterococcus Faecalis: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44024. [PMID: 37746440 PMCID: PMC10517428 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This in vitro study aims to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste, double antibiotic paste, and cefixime-based triple antibiotic paste against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods: Fifty single-rooted, caries-free, permanent teeth without any developmental defects were included in this study. The specimens were divided into five groups, with each group consisting of 10 teeth that received a specific medicament. The groups were as follows: Group I: control; Group II: calcium hydroxide; Group III: triple antibiotic paste; Group IV: double antibiotic paste; and Group V: cefixime-based triple antibiotic paste. The antimicrobial activity of the medicaments was assessed against E. faecalis at the end of the seventh and 14th days. The colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS After seven days of the experimental process, it was observed that the CFU count was highest in group I and lowest in group V. In a similar vein, after 14 days, the maximum decrease in CFU count was observed in Group V, while the least reduction in CFU count was observed in Group II. On intergroup comparison, it was found that the maximum decrease in CFU was noted in Group V, followed by Group IV, Group III, and Group II. CONCLUSION The study results indicated that the cefixime-enriched antibiotic paste had the greatest antimicrobial effectiveness, while the double and triple antibiotic pastes offered superior antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis at the end of the seventh and 14th days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Thakur
- Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Smile Sure Dental and Orthodontic Center, Ranchi, IND
| | - Sumit Mohan
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, IND
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Tilokani A, Agrawal P, Pradhan PK, Patri G, Karmakar N, Sinha Y. Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and proton-pump inhibitor against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:79-82. [PMID: 36908739 PMCID: PMC10003294 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_419_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present in vitro experimental study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), diclofenac, and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) against the microorganism Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods Three medicaments were selected for the study, TAP, diclofenac, and PPI. The experimental groups for the test were as follows: Part 1 - Group 1: TAP, Group 2: diclofenac, and Group 3: PPI; Part 2 - Group 1: TAP + PPI and Group 2: diclofenac + PPI. An agar well diffusion test was used to determine the efficacy of the experimental medicaments against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). The diameter of inhibition zones was measured in millimeters using an inhibition zone measuring scale and the results were recorded. Statistical Analysis The statistical analysis was done using an analysis of variance and an unpaired t-test. P value was set at < 0.05. Results There was a significant difference in the diameter of growth inhibition zones, with the greatest diameter noted for TAP + PPI followed by diclofenac sodium (DS) + PPI, TAP, DS, and PPI. Conclusions The antimicrobial effectiveness of TAP + PPI was found to be superior to all other medicaments (DS + PPI, TAP, DS, and PPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Tilokani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pratik Agrawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanti Kumari Pradhan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gaurav Patri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nilormi Karmakar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Yash Sinha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Wong J, Manoil D, Näsman P, Belibasakis GN, Neelakantan P. Microbiological Aspects of Root Canal Infections and Disinfection Strategies: An Update Review on the Current Knowledge and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:672887. [PMID: 35048015 PMCID: PMC8757850 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.672887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is the habitat of several hundreds of microbial taxa that have evolved to coexist in multispecies communities in this unique ecosystem. By contrast, the internal tissue of the tooth, i.e., the dental pulp, is a physiologically sterile connective tissue in which any microbial invasion is a pathological sign. It results in inflammation of the pulp tissue and eventually to pulp death and spread of inflammation/infection to the periradicular tissues. Over the past few decades, substantial emphasis has been placed on understanding the pathobiology of root canal infections, including the microbial composition, biofilm biology and host responses to infections. To develop clinically effective treatment regimens as well as preventive therapies, such extensive understanding is necessary. Rather surprisingly, despite the definitive realization that root canal infections are biofilm mediated, clinical strategies have been focused more on preparing canals to radiographically impeccable levels, while much is left desired on the debridement of these complex root canal systems. Hence, solely focusing on "canal shaping" largely misses the point of endodontic treatment as the current understanding of the microbial aetiopathogenesis of apical periodontitis calls for the emphasis to be placed on "canal cleaning" and chemo-mechanical disinfection. In this review, we dissect in great detail, the current knowledge on the root canal microbiome, both in terms of its composition and functional characteristics. We also describe the challenges in root canal disinfection and the novel strategies that attempt to address this challenge. Finally, we provide some critical pointers for areas of future research, which will serve as an important area for consideration in Frontiers in Oral Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Wong
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peggy Näsman
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Vatankhah M, Khosravi K, Zargar N, Shirvani A, Nekoofar MH, Dianat O. Antibacterial efficacy of antibiotic pastes versus calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ex vivo studies. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:463-480. [PMID: 36506621 PMCID: PMC9733540 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_183_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conflicting findings on the potency of antibiotic pastes versus calcium hydroxide (CH) have been evident in the literature. Aims To compare the antibacterial efficacy of single antibiotic paste (SAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and modified TAP (mTAP) with CH on bacterial biofilms. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were comprehensively searched until August 23, 2021. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO. Ex vivo studies performed on Enterococcus faecalis or polymicrobial biofilms incubated on human/bovine dentin were selected. The quality of the studies was assessed using a customized quality assessment tool. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the meta-analysis. Meta-regression models were used to identify the sources of heterogeneity and to compare the efficacy of pastes. Results The qualitative and quantitative synthesis included 40 and 23 papers, respectively, out of 1421 search results. TAP (SMD = -3.82; CI, -5.44 to -2.21; P < 0.001) and SAPs (SMD = -2.38; CI, -2.81 to - 1.94; P < 0.001) had significantly higher antibacterial efficacy compared to the CH on E. faecalis biofilm. However, no significant difference was found between the efficacy of DAP (SMD = -2.74; CI, -5.56-0.07; P = 0.06) or mTAP (SMD = -0.28; CI, -0.82-0.26; P = 0.31) and CH. Meta-regression model on E. faecalis showed that SAPs have similar efficacy compared to TAP and significantly better efficacy than DAP. On dual-species (SMD = 0.15; CI, -1.00-1.29; P = 0.80) or multi-species (SMD = 0.23; CI, -0.08-0.55; P = 0.15) biofilms, DAP and CH had similar efficacy. Conclusions Ex vivo evidence showed that antibiotic pastes were either superior or equal to CH. The studied SAPs had considerably higher or similar antibacterial effectiveness compared to DAP, CH, and TAP. Hence, combined antibiotic therapy was not necessarily required for root canal disinfection ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Vatankhah
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Khosravi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Zargar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Dianat
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr. Omid Dianat, Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 West Baltimore Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. E-mail:
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Brimo N, Serdaroğlu DÇ, Uysal B. Comparing Antibiotic Pastes with Electrospun Nanofibers as Modern Drug Delivery Systems for Regenerative Endodontics. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:904-917. [PMID: 34915834 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666211216140947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have various features that make these types of materials able to be applied in different biomedical applications like, diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery. Using such materials in endodontic filed both to face the challenges that occur during treatment processes and to make these materials have an antibacterial effect without showing any harm on the host cells. The approach of nanofibers loaded with various antibacterial drugs offers a potential treatment method to enhance the elimination procedure of intracanal biofilms. Clinically, many models of bacterial biofilms have been prepared under in vitro conditions for different aims. The process of drug delivery from polymeric nanofibers is based on the principle that the releasing ratio of drug molecules increases due to the increase in the surface area of the hosted structure. In our review, we discuss diverse approaches of loading/releasing drugs on/from nanofibers and we summarized many studies about electrospun nanofibers loaded various drugs applied in the endodontic field. Moreover, we argued both the advantages and the limitations of these modern endodontic treatment materials comparing them with the traditional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nura Brimo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Başkent University Bağlıca Campus, 06530, Ankara. Turkey
| | | | - Busra Uysal
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu. Turkey
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Betancourt P, Bucchi C, Arroyo-Bote S. Determination of crown discoloration and fluorescence induced by different medications used in regenerative endodontic procedures: An ex vivo study. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e755-e761. [PMID: 34512913 PMCID: PMC8412810 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crown discoloration is an undesirable side effect of the use of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). The aim of this ex vivo study was to assess the potential for tooth discoloration and induction of fluorescence associated with the use of TAP containing either doxycycline (DOX) or clindamycin (CLIN), and of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), by spectrophotometric analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
Material and Methods A total of forty single-rooted human teeth extracted by therapeutic indication were used. The root canals were enlarged using the step-back technique up to a K #80 file and were randomly divided into four experimental groups (10 specimens each): i)Ca(OH)2 group, ii)TAP with DOX group, iii) TAP with CLIN group, iv) Control group (no treatment). To quantify the change of color of the different groups of teeth included, the Vita Easyshade advance 4.0 spectrophotometer was used. CLSM was used to determine fluorescence.
Results After 28 days of action inside the root canal, no extreme discoloration was visible, to the naked eye, in any of the teeth included in the study. Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, TAP with DOX induced the highest crown discoloration among the medicaments tested. In contrast, Ca(OH)2 and TAP with CLIN did not induce crown discoloration after 28 days. The TAP with DOX group presented the highest fluorescence measurements.
Conclusions Considering the discoloration potential and fluorescence changes in TAP with DOX or other tetracyclines, and the cytotoxic effect of TAPs, we recommend the use of Ca(OH)2 for REPs. Key words:Discoloration, doxycycline, clinadamycin, calcium hydroxide, endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Betancourt
- Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO), Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Cristina Bucchi
- Research Centre for Dental Sciences (CICO), Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sebastiana Arroyo-Bote
- Associate Professor at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona. Spain. Coordinating Professor of ADEMA. University of the Balearic Islands. Spain. IDIBELL Researcher
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Shahmoradi S, Shariati A, Zargar N, Yadegari Z, Asnaashari M, Amini SM, Darban-Sarokhalil D. Antimicrobial effects of selenium nanoparticles in combination with photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102398. [PMID: 34133959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) were reported as an agent that may enhance the effectiveness of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). This in vitro study evaluates the effect of SeNPs on the efficacy of Methylene Blue (MB)-induced PACT against the biofilm formated in 96-well plates and the dentine tubule biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS Chitosan coated SeNPs were synthesized using chemical reduction method and were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Twenty-four-hour biofilms of E. faecalis were developed on 96-well plates and treated with SeNPs, MB, and Light-Emitting Diode (LED). Also, three-week biofilms of E. faecalis were formed on 67 specimens of dentinal tubules, and the antibacterial effects of MB+SeNPs on these biofilms were studied. RESULTS The average hydrodynamic diameter of SeNPs was 80/3 nm according to DLS measurement. The combined use of MB and SeNPs significantly reduced Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) of one-day-old E. faecalis biofilms in comparison with the control group (P value < 0.05). Besides, combination therapy had the most antibacterial effect on root canal E. faecalis biofilms at both 200 and 400 µm depths of dentine tubules (P value < 0.001). Of note, about 50% of human fibroblast cells survived at a concentration of 128 µg/ml of SeNPs, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the photodynamic therapy modified by SeNPs could be an effective disinfection alternative to the destruction of E. faecalis biofilms and root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Shahmoradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Zargar
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yadegari
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Dental school, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asnaashari
- Department of Endodontics, Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amini
- Radiation Biology Research center, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Güven Y, Uygun AD, Arslan H. Efficacy of EDDY, ultrasonic activation, XP-endo Finisher and needle irrigation on the removal of mTAP from artificially created grooves in root canals. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:639-644. [PMID: 34105219 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study analysed the effect of needle irrigation (NI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EDDY and the use of the XP-endo Finisher (XPF) on the removal of modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) from artificially created grooves in root canals. Forty-eight maxillary incisors were prepared up to size 50, with a standard groove on one surface of the root canal wall and filled with mTAP. Re-attached roots were analysed based on the activation techniques applied for 180 s with 5 ml 3% sodium hypochlorite. The results showed that EDDY was more effective at removing mTAP than PUI, XPF and needle irrigation (P < 0.05), whereas XPF and PUI were significantly more effective than needle irrigation. (P < 0.05). No significant difference in mTAP removal was observed between XPF and PUI (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the removal of mTAP can be more efficiently achieved with EDDY than with XPF, PUI or NI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Güven
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demirhan Uygun
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Hakan Arslan
- Dental Faculty Department of Endodontics, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kichler V, Teixeira LS, Prado MM, Colla G, Schuldt DPV, Coelho BS, Porto LM, de Almeida J. A novel antimicrobial-containing nanocellulose scaffold for regenerative endodontics. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e20. [PMID: 34123756 PMCID: PMC8170374 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes incorporated with antimicrobial agents regarding cytotoxicity in fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament (PDLF), antimicrobial activity, and inhibition of multispecies biofilm formation. Materials and Methods The tested BNC membranes were BNC + 1% clindamycin (BNC/CLI); BNC + 0.12% chlorhexidine (BNC/CHX); BNC + nitric oxide (BNC/NO); and conventional BNC (BNC; control). After PDLF culture, the BNC membranes were positioned in the wells and maintained for 24 hours. Cell viability was then evaluated using the MTS calorimetric test. Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) was evaluated using the agar diffusion test. To assess the antibiofilm activity, BNC membranes were exposed for 24 hours to the mixed culture. After sonicating the BNC membranes to remove the remaining biofilm and plating the suspension on agar, the number of colony-forming units (CFU)/mL was determined. Data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (α = 5%). Results PDLF metabolic activity after contact with BNC/CHX, BNC/CLI, and BNC/NO was 35%, 61% and 97%, respectively, compared to BNC. BNC/NO showed biocompatibility similar to that of BNC (p = 0.78). BNC/CLI showed the largest inhibition halos, and was superior to the other BNC membranes against S. sanguinis (p < 0.05). The experimental BNC membranes inhibited biofilm formation, with about a 3-fold log CFU reduction compared to BNC (p < 0.05). Conclusions BNC/NO showed excellent biocompatibility and inhibited multispecies biofilm formation, similarly to BNC/CLI and BNC/CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kichler
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas Soares Teixeira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | - Maick Meneguzzo Prado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Colla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Serrato Coelho
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | - Luismar Marques Porto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane de Almeida
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, SC, Brazil.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Quercetin as an Auxiliary Endodontic Irrigant for Root Canal Treatment: Anti-Biofilm and Dentin Collagen-Stabilizing Effects In Vitro. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051178. [PMID: 33802293 PMCID: PMC7959140 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial reinfection and root fracture are the main culprits related to root canal treatment failure. This study aimed to assess the utility of quercetin solution as an adjunctive endodontic irrigant that does not weaken root canal dentin with commitment anti-biofilm activity and bio-safety. Based on a noninvasive dentin infection model, dentin tubules infected with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were irrigated with sterile water (control group), and 0, 1, 2, 4 wt% quercetin-containing ethanol solutions. Live and dead bacteria percentages in E. faecalis biofilms were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Elastic modulus, hydroxyproline release and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization were tested to evaluate the irrigants’ collagen-stabilizing effect. The cytotoxicity was tested by CCK-8 assay. Quercetin increased the proportion of dead bacteria volumes within E. faecalis and improved the flexural strength of dentin compared to control group (p < 0.05). Quercetin-treated dentin matrix had less elasticity loss and hydroxyproline release after collagenase degradation (p < 0.05). Moreover, quercetin solutions revealed an increase in the C-O peak area under both C1s and O1s narrow-scan spectra of XPS characterization, and no cytotoxicity (p > 0.05). Quercetin exhibited anti-biofilm activity, a collagen-stabilizing effect with cytocompatibility, supporting quercetin as a potential candidate for endodontic irrigant.
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Porciuncula de Almeida M, Angelo da Cunha Neto M, Paula Pinto K, Rivera Fidel S, João Nogueira Leal Silva E, Moura Sassone L. Antibacterial efficacy and discolouration potential of antibiotic pastes with macrogol for regenerative endodontic therapy. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:157-162. [PMID: 32929843 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and discolouration potential of antibiotic pastes containing macrogol. Seventy single-rooted teeth were contaminated with a culture of Enterococcus faecalis for 30 days. Double (DAP) and triple antibiotic pastes (TAP) containing propylene glycol or macrogol as vehicles were applied. After 15 days, bacterial viability was compared. Change in teeth coronal colour was measured by a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed using anova and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). TAP containing clindamycin and propylene glycol was the only medicament that led to the presence of contamination, while the same combination of antibiotics containing macrogol did not result in bacterial growth (P < 0.05). Only the pastes containing minocycline in formulation resulted in coronal discolouration (P < 0.05). Both DAPs evaluated and the TAP containing clindamycin and macrogol showed to be the preferable options for regenerative endodontic therapy, as they were effective against E. faecalis biofilm and did not promote tooth discolouration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karem Paula Pinto
- 1School of Dentistry -Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra Rivera Fidel
- 1School of Dentistry -Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Moura Sassone
- 1School of Dentistry -Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Yu Y, Zhou X, Zheng LW. [Advanced research on root canal therapy for primary teeth]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:205-210. [PMID: 32314896 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary tooth root canal therapy is a treatment performed on primary teeth diagnosed with pulpitis or periapical periodontitis. This procedure requires perfect instrumentation, disinfection, and filling of root canals to eliminate infection, control inflammation, relieve pain, prevent pathological effects on inherited permanent tooth, and prolong primary tooth preservation. This paper reviews the research history on primary tooth root canal treatment and summarizes the progress on primary tooth root canal treatment, including anatomical morphology, root canal preparation, root canal disinfection, root canal filling, and application of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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