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Kaliamoorthy S, Rayar S, SundarRaj S, Priya Sayeeram S, Premkumar VV, Muddappa SC, Muthukumaran V, Raju K, Samidorai A. Comparative Evaluation of Dental Pulp Tissue Dissolution Ability of Sapindus mukorossi and Sodium Hypochlorite. Cureus 2024; 16:e51820. [PMID: 38327932 PMCID: PMC10847062 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Sapindus mukorossi (SM) extract has been reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristics. However, there is limited research demonstrating the effectiveness of SM in dissolving dental pulp tissue. Methods In an in vitro investigation, pulp tissue samples were extracted from human teeth, collectively weighing 144 mg. These samples were divided equally and activated by manual digital agitation (MDA) or ultrasonic (US) irrigation for three 30-second cycles with a resting period of 45 seconds between each activation. The samples in each group were sub-categorized into a set of three groups based on the treatment received as normal saline (NS), 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (Hypo), or Sapindus mukorossi (SM). Statistical tests, including the student t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), were employed to compare the mean weight differences among the groups, with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05 for all comparisons. Results The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test revealed significant intergroup differences (p<0.05). Turkey's post hoc analysis indicated significant distinctions, particularly when comparing Hypo with the other two irrigants, namely Hypo-NS (p<0.05) and Hypo-SM (p<0.05) when the MDA method was employed. Considering only the method adopted, the US technique was significantly superior (p=0.04) to the MDA. Conclusion Sapindus mukorossi (SM) demonstrated efficacy in dissolving pulp tissue but was not as effective as sodium hypochlorite (Hypo) which is the standard agent for root canal irrigation. SM to be used as an alternative to Hypo on clinical grounds needs further validation from research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Kaliamoorthy
- Department of Dentistry, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Karaikal, IND
| | - Sreeram Rayar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, IND
| | - Shanmugapriya SundarRaj
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Pudukkottai, IND
| | - Sugantha Priya Sayeeram
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Pudukkottai, IND
| | - V V Premkumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Sapna C Muddappa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, IND
| | - Venkatraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Trichy, IND
| | - Kanmani Raju
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, IND
| | - Agila Samidorai
- Department of Periodontics, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, IND
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Aldoski MRN, Selivany BJ, Sulaiman T. Bromelain-based endodontic irrigant: preparation, properties, and biocompatibility: An in-vitro study. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:146-155. [PMID: 36305605 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the properties, efficacy and biocompatibility of combining bromelain enzyme, chlorohexidine and EDTA (BCE) to create a novel endodontic irrigant. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was performed to confirm the stability of the BCE and direct contact inhibition test was performed to determine antibacterial action. Baseline pH and surface tension of irrigants was compared with determine stability. Subcutaneous injection to dorsal skin of rabbits was graded for presence of inflammation, oedema, granulation and fibrosis. BCE caused less overall irritation, less oedematous and was earlier to heal than 2.5% NaOCl. The pH stability of BCE was also superior to 2.5% NaOCl. A one-way ANOVA test was performed for the direct contact inhibition and microleakage test. A significant difference was determined (p ≤ 0.05) between BCE and 2.5% NaOCl for antibacterial action. BCE irrigant is effective in preparing dentinal surfaces for root canal without adverse effects and promising longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahar Jaafar Selivany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Iraq
| | - Taiseer Sulaiman
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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S. DPA, Solete P, Jeevanandan G, Syed AA, Almahdi S, Alzhrani M, Maganur PC, Vishwanathaiah S. Effect of Various Irrigant Activation Methods and Its Penetration in the Apical Third of Root Canal-In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2022; 17:57-61. [PMID: 35189642 PMCID: PMC9949917 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigant penetration using iohexol dye with four irrigation techniques. METHODOLOGY Single-rooted premolars were recently extracted and preserved in physiological saline solution. All the samples were standardized to 16 mm. Standard endodontic access was prepared using endoaccess bur (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). The initial patency was established using #10 k file (Mani, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan) to the working length. The cleaning and shaping were performed using the file system ProFit S3 in the following sequence: P0 (orifice enlarger), PF1 (yellow), PF2 (red) #25, and PF3 (blue) #30. The samples were randomly allocated in concealed opaque envelopes into four groups. This was performed by a trained dentist. Fifteen samples were allocated to one group. The groups were divided as follows: Group A-conventional needle (CN), Group B-side-vented needle (SVN), Group C-manual dynamic agitation (MDA), and Group D-EndoActivator (EA). The radiopaque dye irrigant agitation/activation was performed by one operator to prevent operator bias. Following irrigation using the different techniques, digital radiographs were taken, and the measurement was taken from the apical foramen to the point where the dye had penetrated apically for each tooth and the data were entered into an Excel sheet for all the four groups. RESULTS Comparing the four groups, there was a statistically significant difference among the four groups (p < 0.05), thus, favoring the alternate hypothesis. EA had resulted in better penetration of the irrigant compared with the other three groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was evident that irrigant penetration was best achieved with the use of an EA followed by MDA, SVNs, and then the CN when the preparation was done till size 30 (PF3 #30) using ProFit S3 rotary file system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Pricilla Antony S.
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep Solete
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Jeevanandan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Ganesh Jeevanandan, BDS, MDS, PhD Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceChennai, Tamil NaduIndia
| | - Ather Ahmed Syed
- Division of Pedodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samaher Almahdi
- Division of Pedodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Prabhadevi C. Maganur
- Division of Pedodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Division of Pedodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence Satish Vishwanathaiah, BDS, MDS, FICD, FPFA Division of Pedodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan UniversityJazanKingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Liu Z, Feng X, Wang X, Yang S, Mao J, Gong S. Quercetin as an Auxiliary Endodontic Irrigant for Root Canal Treatment: Anti-Biofilm and Dentin Collagen-Stabilizing Effects In Vitro. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1178. [PMID: 33802293 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial reinfection and root fracture are the main culprits related to root canal treatment failure. This study aimed to assess the utility of quercetin solution as an adjunctive endodontic irrigant that does not weaken root canal dentin with commitment anti-biofilm activity and bio-safety. Based on a noninvasive dentin infection model, dentin tubules infected with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were irrigated with sterile water (control group), and 0, 1, 2, 4 wt% quercetin-containing ethanol solutions. Live and dead bacteria percentages in E. faecalis biofilms were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Elastic modulus, hydroxyproline release and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization were tested to evaluate the irrigants’ collagen-stabilizing effect. The cytotoxicity was tested by CCK-8 assay. Quercetin increased the proportion of dead bacteria volumes within E. faecalis and improved the flexural strength of dentin compared to control group (p < 0.05). Quercetin-treated dentin matrix had less elasticity loss and hydroxyproline release after collagenase degradation (p < 0.05). Moreover, quercetin solutions revealed an increase in the C-O peak area under both C1s and O1s narrow-scan spectra of XPS characterization, and no cytotoxicity (p > 0.05). Quercetin exhibited anti-biofilm activity, a collagen-stabilizing effect with cytocompatibility, supporting quercetin as a potential candidate for endodontic irrigant.
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Generali L, Bertoldi C, Bidossi A, Cassinelli C, Morra M, Del Fabbro M, Savadori P, Ballal NV, Giardino L. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of a New Class of Silver Citrate-Based Compounds as Endodontic Irrigants. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13215019. [PMID: 33172215 PMCID: PMC7664443 DOI: 10.3390/ma13215019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the cytotoxicity and the antimicrobial activity of two silver citrate-based irrigant solutions were investigated. Cytotoxicity of various concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%) of both solutions (BioAKT and BioAKT Endo) was assessed on L-929 mouse fibroblasts using the MTT assay. For the quantitative analysis of components, an infrared (I.R.) spectroscopy was performed. The minimum inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations (M.I.C. and M.B.C., respectively) were ascertained on Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC 4083. For biofilm susceptibility after treatment with the irrigating agent, a minimum biofilm eradication concentration (M.B.E.C.) and confocal laser scanning microscope (C.L.S.M.) assays were performed. Quantification of E. faecalis cell biomass and percentage of live and dead cells in the biomass was appraised. Normality of data was analyzed using the D’Agostino & Pearson’s test and the Shapiro–Wilk test. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Both silver citrate solutions showed mouse fibroblasts viability >70% when diluted to 0.25% and 0.5%. Conversely, at higher concentrations, they were extremely cytotoxic. F.T.-IR spectroscopy measurements of both liquids showed the same spectra, indicating similar chemical characteristics. No substantial contrast in antimicrobial activity was observed among the two silver citrate solutions by using broth microdilution methods, biofilm susceptibility (MBEC-HTP device), and biomass screening using confocal laser scanning microscopy (C.L.S.M.) technique. Both solutions, used as root canal irrigants, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and low cytocompatibility at dilutions greater than 0.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (C.H.I.M.O.M.O.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (C.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (C.H.I.M.O.M.O.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (C.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Bidossi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, I.R.C.C.S. Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Clara Cassinelli
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana 26, 14037 Portacomaro, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Morra
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana 26, 14037 Portacomaro, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- I.R.C.C.S. Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Savadori
- I.R.C.C.S. Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Karnataka, India;
| | - Luciano Giardino
- Freelance Researcher, 88900 Crotone, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (C.B.); (L.G.)
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Panchal V, Gurunathan D, Muralidharan NP. Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of cinnamon extract, neem extract as irrigant and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus fecalis: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2020; 31:124-128. [PMID: 32246694 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_177_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study is to compare the antibacterial effectiveness between cinnamon extract as irrigant with neem extract irrigant and sodium hypochlorite against E. fecalis. Materials and Methods The present study is a randomized controlled in vitro study conducted on 60 extracted permanent single rooted teeth. The teeth were divided into three groups- Group 1 was irrigated with cinnamon extract, Group 2 was irrigated with neem extract irrigant and Group 3 with 3% sodium hypochlorite. The colonies in the reduction of E. feacalis was noted as CFU values per ml. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare in between the three groups. Mann- Whitney's test was used for inter group comparison between the three groups. Results Cinnamon extract had the maximum reduction in the CFU colonies followed by sodium hypochlorite. Neem extract irrigant had the least reduction in the colonies of E. feacalis. (P < 0.05). Conclusion Cinnamon extract irrigant show better reduction in E. fecalis as compared to 3% sodium hypochlorite and neem extract irrigant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerale Panchal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepa Gurunathan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N P Muralidharan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yang SY, Liu Y, Mao J, Wu YB, Deng YL, Qi SC, Zhou YC, Gong SQ. The antibiofilm and collagen-stabilizing effects of proanthocyanidin as an auxiliary endodontic irrigant. Int Endod J 2020; 53:824-833. [PMID: 32053733 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antibiofilm effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) solution as an irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its influence on the mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance of demineralized root dentine. METHODOLOGY Enterococcus faecalis were introduced into human root dentine tubules by a serial centrifugation method and grown for 1 week. Dentine blocks infected with 1-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were treated with the following irrigants: sterile water (control), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% PA, 5% PA and 10% PA. After treatment, the live and dead bacteria proportions within E. faecalis biofilms were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. To evaluate the biostability of fully demineralized dentine treated by the aforementioned irrigants, the elastic modulus and hydroxyproline release of human dentine incubated in collagenase solution were tested at baseline, after irrigant treatment and after biodegradation, respectively. Furthermore, the surface chemical bond of demineralized dentine collagen treated by various irrigants was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way anova and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons with the significance level at 5%. RESULTS The proportion of dead E. faecalis volume was significantly higher in the PA and CHX groups than that in the control group (P < 0.05). PA irrigation significantly increased the mechanical properties of demineralized dentine (P < 0.05), and the effect was enhanced with increasing PA concentration. CHX and PA groups had significantly less elasticity loss and hydroxyproline release (P < 0.05). The biomodification of dentine collagen by PA was verified by increased C-O/C-N peak percentage under C1s and C-O peak percentage under O1s narrow-scan XPS spectra. CONCLUSIONS Proanthocyanidin killed E. faecalis within biofilms and enhanced the biostability of the collagen matrix of demineralized root dentine. It might be used as an auxiliary endodontic irrigant with antibiofilm and collagen-stabilizing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y B Wu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y L Deng
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - S C Qi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y C Zhou
- The Stony Brook School, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - S Q Gong
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Choudhary E, Indushekar KR, Saraf BG, Sheoran N, Sardana D, Shekhar A. Exploring the role of Morinda citrifolia and Triphala juice in root canal irrigation: An ex vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:443-449. [PMID: 30122829 PMCID: PMC6080181 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_58_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present ex vivo study explores the role of Indian medicaments in endodontic irrigation in an attempt to search for a safe alternative to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL). Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of commercial preparations of Morinda citrifolia juice (MCJ) and Triphala juice against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 84 permanent extracted human teeth. After decoronation and biomechanical preparation, inoculated (with E. faecalis and C. albicans) root sections were divided randomly into four experimental (MCJ, Triphala juice, 1% NaOCl, and 2% chlorhexidine [CHX]) and two control groups (preservative control and distilled water). Colony-forming units (CFUs) obtained for each group were counted at baseline (S0) and after irrigation at 1 and 3 days (S1and S2, respectively). Mean of Log CFU at S0, S1, and S2was compared for each irrigant using Friedman's two-way ANOVA. Results: There was a significant decrease in microbial counts of both microbes in all groups at S1, but only CHX could demonstrate further decrease in the microbial counts of both microorganisms at S2. Conclusion: The overall antimicrobial effects of different irrigants were maximum for CHX, whereas MCJ and Triphala juice also showed significant reductions. The herbal irrigants hold the promise of becoming efficient irrigants and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Choudhary
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - K R Indushekar
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bhavna Gupta Saraf
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Sheoran
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Divesh Sardana
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ankur Shekhar
- Private Practitioner, Kapoor Dental Care, Model Town, New Delhi, India
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Kajwadkar R, Shin JM, Lin GH, Fenno JC, Rickard AH, Kapila YL. High-purity Nisin Alone or in Combination with Sodium Hypochlorite Is Effective against Planktonic and Biofilm Populations of Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2017; 43:989-994. [PMID: 28457635 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nisin, a broad-spectrum bacteriocin, has recently been highlighted for its biomedical applications. To date, no studies have examined the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of high-purity (>95%) nisin (nisin ZP) on Enterococcus faecalis and biofilms formed by this species. We hypothesize that nisin can inhibit E. faecalis and reduce biofilm biomass, and combinations of nisin and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) will enhance the antibiofilm properties against E. faecalis biofilms. METHODS Using broth cultures, disc diffusion assays, and biofilm assays, we examined the effects of nisin on various E. faecalis growth parameters and biofilm properties (biovolume, thickness, and roughness). Confocal microscopy was used in conjunction with Imaris and Comstat2 software (Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark) to measure and analyze the biofilm properties. RESULTS Nisin significantly decreased the growth of planktonic E. faecalis dose dependently. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against E. faecalis strains OG-1 and ATCC 29212 were 15 and 50 μg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 150 and 200 μg/mL, respectively. A reduction in biofilm biovolume and thickness was observed for biofilms treated with nisin at ≥10 μg/mL for 10 minutes. In addition, the combination of nisin with low doses of NaOCl enhanced the antibiofilm properties of both antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSIONS Nisin alone or in combination with low concentrations of NaOCl reduces the planktonic growth of E. faecalis and disrupts E. faecalis biofilm structure. Our results suggest that nisin has potential as an adjunctive endodontic therapeutic agent and as an alternative to conventional NaOCl irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Kajwadkar
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jae M Shin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guo-Hao Lin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University, School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexander H Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Orofacial Sciences, Division of Periodontology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Kumar N, Aggarwal V, Singla M, Gupta R. Effect of various endodontic solutions on punch out strength of Resilon under cyclic loading. J Conserv Dent 2012; 14:366-9. [PMID: 22144804 PMCID: PMC3227282 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.87199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Before obturation, various endodontic solutions are used as a final rinse. These solutions might affect the bond strength of Resilon-Epiphany system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaOCl (5.25%), chlorhexidine CHX (2%), EDTA solution (17%), and BioPure MTAD on push out bond strength of Resilon-Epiphany system. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five human premolar roots were prepared and divided on the basis of final endodontic solution rinse. The canals were obturated with Resilon-Epiphany system. All samples were restored using a fiber post system and indirect composite crown. The samples received 150 000 cycles of mechanical loading. Push out bond strength was performed in the apical third of root having Resilon obturation. Results and Conclusions: Different endodontic solutions tested, did not affected the push out bond strength of Resilon-Epiphany obturation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences and Technology, Modinagar Institute of Dental Sciences and Technology, Modinagar, India
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Andrabi SMUN, Kumar A, Mishra SK, Tewari RK, Alam S, Siddiqui S. Effect of manual dynamic activation on smear layer removal efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and SmearClear: an in vitro scanning electron microscopic study. AUST ENDOD J 2012; 39:131-6. [PMID: 24279660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2012.00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of manual dynamic activation (MDA) with a master gutta-percha point on the smear layer removal efficacy of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and SmearClear. Fifty freshly extracted human single-rooted teeth were prepared using ProTaper rotary system up to F3 size. The prepared teeth were divided into five groups on the basis of final irrigation received. Group A: 3% NaOCl solution (negative control group). Group B: 5 mL of 17% EDTA. Group C: 1 mL of 17% EDTA + MDA for 2 min + 4 mL of 17% EDTA rinse. Group D: 5 mL of SmearClear. Group E: 1 mL of SmearClear + MDA for 2 min + 4 mL of SmearClear rinse. Prepared samples were decoronated and then longitudinally split into two halves and evaluated under scanning electron microscope. Representative images at coronal, middle and apical third level were taken and scored for the amount of smear layer present, using a three-score system. The data were analysed through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test. The root canal surfaces of samples of group C and group E (where MDA was done) were significantly cleaner in apical third regions than those of group B and group D (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mukhtar-Un-Nisar Andrabi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. Z.A. Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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