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Uemoto Y, Katsura T, Endo Y, Tanaka K, Zhuang T, Urakawa M, Baba T, Yoshida G, Wang H, Kitazawa H, Shirakawa H, Nakamura T, Nochi T, Aso H. Genetic aspects of immunoglobulins and cyclophilin A in milk as potential indicators of mastitis resistance in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1577-1591. [PMID: 37806629 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most frequent and costly diseases affecting dairy cattle. Natural antibodies (immunoglobulins) and cyclophilin A (CyPA), the most abundant member of the family of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases, in milk may serve as indicators of mastitis resistance in dairy cattle. However, genetic information for CyPA is not available, and knowledge on the genetic and nongenetic relationships between these immune-related traits and somatic cell score (SCS) and milk yield in dairy cattle is sparse. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate whether immune-related traits consisting of 5 Ig classes (IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM) and CyPA in the test-day milk of Holstein cows can be used as genetic indicators of mastitis resistance by evaluating the genetic and nongenetic relationships with SCS in milk. The nongenetic factors affecting immune-related traits and the effects of these traits on SCS were evaluated. Furthermore, the genetic parameters of immune-related traits according to health status and genetic relationships under different SCS environments were estimated. All immune-related traits were significantly associated with SCS and directly proportional. Additionally, evaluation using a classification tree revealed that IgA, IgG2, and IgG were associated with SCS levels. Genetic factor analyses indicated that heritability estimates were low for CyPA (0.08) but moderate for IgG (0.37), IgA (0.44), and IgM (0.44), with positive genetic correlations among Ig (0.25-0.96). We also evaluated the differences in milk yield and SCS of cows between the low and high groups according to their sires' estimated breeding value for immune-related traits. In the high group, IgA had a significantly lower SCS in milk at 7 to 30 d compared with that in the low group. Furthermore, the Ig in milk had high positive genetic correlations between healthy and infected conditions (0.82-0.99), suggesting that Ig in milk under healthy conditions could interact with those under infected conditions, owing to the genetic ability based on the level of Ig in milk. Thus, Ig in milk are potential indicators for the genetic selection of mastitis resistance. However, because only the relationship between immune-related traits and SCS was investigated in this study, further study on the relationship between clinical mastitis and Ig in milk is needed before Ig can be used as an indicator of mastitis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Uemoto
- Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Teppei Katsura
- Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuma Endo
- Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Koutaro Tanaka
- Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Megumi Urakawa
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshimi Baba
- Holstein Cattle Association of Japan, Hokkaido Branch, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-8555, Japan
| | - Gaku Yoshida
- Shihoro Agricultural Cooperative, Kato District, Hokkaido 080-1219, Japan
| | - Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan; Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan; Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Animal Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan; The Cattle Museum, Oshu, Iwate 029-4205, Japan.
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Goretzki A, Lin YJ, Meier C, Dorn B, Wolfheimer S, Jamin A, Schott M, Wangorsch A, Vieths S, Jakob T, Scheurer S, Schülke S. Stimulation of naïve B cells with a fusion protein consisting of FlaA and Bet v 1 induces regulatory B cells ex vivo. Allergy 2023; 78:663-681. [PMID: 36196479 DOI: 10.1111/all.15542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experimental fusion protein rFlaA:Betv1 was shown to efficiently suppress allergen-specific sensitization in mice. However, the detailed mechanism of rFlaA:Betv1-mediated immune modulation is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of rFlaA:Betv1 on naïve murine B cells. METHODS Immune modulating capacity of rFlaA:Betv1 was screened in IL-10 reporter mice. B cells were isolated from spleens of naïve C57Bl/6, TLR5-/- , or MyD88-/- mice, stimulated with rFlaA:Betv1 and controls, and monitored for the expression of the regulatory B cell markers CD1d, CD24, CD38, and surface IgM by flow cytometry. Secreted cytokines, antibodies, and reactivity of the induced antibodies were investigated by ELISA and intracellular flow cytometry. Suppressive capacity of rFlaA:Betv1-stimulated B cells was tested in mDC:CD4+ T cell:B cell triple cultures. RESULTS Upon in vivo application of rFlaA:Betv1 into IL-10-GFP reporter mice, CD19+ B cells were shown to produce anti-inflammatory IL-10, suggesting B cells to contribute to the immune-modulatory properties of rFlaA:Betv1. rFlaA:Betv1-induced IL-10 secretion was confirmed in human B cells isolated from buffy coats. In vitro stimulation of naïve murine B cells with rFlaA:Betv1 resulted in an mTOR- and MyD88-dependent production of IL-10 and rFlaA:Betv1 induced Bet v 1-reactive IgG production, which was not observed for IgA. rFlaA:Betv1-stimulated B cells formed a CD19+ CD24+ CD1d+ IgM+ CD38+ Breg subpopulation capable of suppressing Bet v 1-induced TH2 cytokine secretion in vitro. CONCLUSION rFlaA:Betv1 can act as a thymus-independent B cell antigen, stimulating the mTOR- and MyD88-dependent differentiation of B cells displaying a regulatory phenotype, IL-10 secretion, antigen-binding antibody production, and a suppressive capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen-Ju Lin
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Clara Meier
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Britta Dorn
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Annette Jamin
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Maike Schott
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Vieths
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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Cordero-Solorzano J, de Koning DJ, Tråvén M, de Haan T, Jouffroy M, Larsson A, Myrthe A, Arts JAJ, Parmentier HK, Bovenhuis H, Wensman JJ. Genetic parameters of colostrum and calf serum antibodies in Swedish dairy cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:68. [PMID: 36273117 PMCID: PMC9588213 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A sufficient IgG content in the colostrum is essential for the newborn calf, as it provides passive immunity which substantially affects the probability of survival during rearing. Failure of passive transfer (FPT) occurs when a calf does not absorb enough antibodies from the colostrum and is defined by an IgG concentration in calf serum lower than 10 g/L. Apart from delayed access to colostrum, FPT can be due to a low production of IgG in the mother or poor IgG absorption by the calf. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic background of antibody levels and indicator traits for antibodies in the colostrum and calf serum, and their correlation with milk production. Results Colostrum data were available for 1340 dairy cows with at least one calving and calf serum data were available for 886 calves from these cows. Indicator traits for antibody concentrations were estimated using refractometry (a digital Brix refractometer for colostrum and an optical refractometer for serum), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to determine the levels of total IgG and natural antibodies (NAb) of various antibody isotypes in the colostrum and calf serum. Colostrum traits had heritabilities ranging from 0.16 to 0.31 with repeatabilities ranging from 0.21 to 0.55. Brix percentages had positive genetic correlations with all colostrum antibody traits including total IgG (0.68). Calf serum antibody concentrations had heritabilities ranging from 0.25 to 0.59, with a significant maternal effect accounting for 17 to 27% of the variance. When later in life calves produced their first lactation, the lactation average somatic cell score was found to be negatively correlated with NAb levels in calf serum. Conclusions Our results suggest that antibody levels in the colostrum and calf serum can be increased by means of selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cordero-Solorzano
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Animal Health Service of Costa Rica (SENASA), P.O. Box 3-3006, 40104, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Dirk-Jan de Koning
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Madeleine Tråvén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Therese de Haan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Jouffroy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,AgroSup Dijon - National Superior Institute of Agronomic Sciences Food and the Environment, 26 Boulevard Dr Petitjean, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Andrea Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aline Myrthe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Superior School of Agricultures (ESA), 55 Rue Rabelais, 49007, Angers, France
| | - Joop A J Arts
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Bovenhuis
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Johansson Wensman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zerna G, Cameron TC, Toet H, Spithill TW, Beddoe T. Bovine Natural Antibody Relationships to Specific Antibodies and Fasciola hepatica Burdens after Experimental Infection and Vaccination with Glutathione S-Transferase. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020058. [PMID: 35202313 PMCID: PMC8876122 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is the causative agent of fasciolosis, a significant parasitic disease occurring worldwide. Despite ongoing efforts, there is still no vaccine to control liver fluke infections in livestock. Recently, it has been suggested that natural antibodies (NAbs) can amplify specific antibodies (SpAb) and have a direct killing effect, but it is unknown if this phenomenon occurs during parasitic helminth infection or targeted vaccination. NAbs are antibodies produced by the innate immune system, capable of binding antigens without prior exposure. This study explores the role of bovine NAbs, using the exogenous glycoprotein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), in response to F. hepatica infection and SpAb production after infection and vaccination. The cattle’s NAbs were differently influenced by parasite infection and vaccination, with an increase in KLH-binding IgG and IgM levels after infection and reduced KLH-binding IgM levels following vaccination. Underlying NAbs reacting to KLH showed no correlations to the final fluke burdens after experimental infection or vaccination. However, NAbs reacting to whole-worm extract (WWE) prior to infection were positively correlated to increased fluke burdens within the infected bovine host. Furthermore, after infection, the specific IgG reacting to WWE was positively reflected by the underlying NAb IgG response. Following subcutaneous vaccination with F. hepatica native glutathione S-transferase (GST), there was a non-significant 33% reduction in fluke burden. Vaccinated animals with higher underlying NAbs had a higher induction of vaccine-induced SpAbs, with trends observed between KLH-binding IgM and anti-GST IgG and IgM. Our findings provide a platform to allow further investigation to determine if NAb levels could mirror fluke-SpAb production for exploitation in a combined selective breeding and vaccination program. Additionally, this work suggests that liver fluke could possibly evade the host’s immune system by utilising surface-bound IgM NAbs.
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Lin S, Ke C, Liu L, Gao Y, Xu L, Han B, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Sun D. Genome-wide association studies for immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum and serum in Chinese Holstein. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:41. [PMID: 35012443 PMCID: PMC8744259 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The early death and health problems of calves caused substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. As the immune system of neonates has not been fully developed, the absorption of maternal immunoglobulin (Ig) from colostrum is essential in protecting newborn calves against common disease organisms in their early life. The overwhelming majority of Ig in bovine whey is transported from the serum. Therefore, Ig concentration in the colostrum and serum of dairy cows are critical traits when estimating the potential disease resistance of its offspring. Results Colostrum, blood, and hair follicle samples were collected from 588 Chinese Holstein cows within 24 h after calving. The concentration of total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM in both colostrum and serum were detected via ELISA methods. With GCTA software, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed with 91,620 SNPs genotyped by GeneSeek 150 K (140,668 SNPs) chips. As a result, 1, 5, 1 and 29 significant SNPs were detected associated with the concentrations of colostrum IgG1, IgG2, IgA IgM, and serum IgG2 at the genome-wide level (P < 3.08E–6); 11, 2, 13, 2, 12, 8, 2, 27, 1 and 4 SNPs were found significantly associated with total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM in colostrum and serum at the suggestive level (P < 6.15E–5). Such SNPs located in or proximate to (±1 Mb) 423 genes, which were functionally implicated in biological processes and pathways, such as immune response, B cell activation, inflammatory response and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. By combining the biological functions and the known QTL data for immune traits in bovine, 14 promising candidate functional genes were identified for immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum and serum in dairy cattle, they were FGFR4, FGFR2, NCF1, IKBKG, SORBS3, IGHV1S18, KIT, PTGS2, BAX, GRB2, TAOK1, ICAM1, TGFB1 and RAC3. Conclusions In this study, we identified 14 candidate genes related to concentrations of immunoglobulins in colostrum and serum in dairy cattle by performing GWASs. Our findings provide a groundwork for unraveling the key genes and causal mutations affecting immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum and important information for genetic improvement of such traits in dairy cattle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08250-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cuncun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingna Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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The concentrations of immunoglobulins in bovine colostrum determined by the gold standard method are genetically correlated with their near-infrared prediction. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:87. [PMID: 34758741 PMCID: PMC8579186 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The quality of colostrum administered to calves is based on its concentration in immunoglobulins G (IgG, g/L). Immunoglobulins A (IgA) and M (IgM) are also present but at a lower level. The gold standard reference analysis for these traits, radial immunodiffusion, is time-consuming and expensive. In order to define breeding strategies that are aimed at improving colostrum quality in dairy cattle, a large amount of data is needed, and the use of indicator traits would be beneficial. In the study presented here, we explored the heritabilities of reference (radial immunodiffusion) and near infrared-predicted IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations and estimated their genetic correlations. First, the colostrum of 765 Holstein cows from nine herds was sampled to perform a reference analysis and the near-infrared spectra (400–2500 nm) were stored. We used a calibration set (28% of the initial samples) that was representative of the herds and cow parity orders to develop prediction equations for IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations. Finally, these traits were predicted in the validation set (72% of the initial samples) to estimate genetic parameters for the predictions. Genetic correlations between reference and predicted values of each trait were estimated through bivariate linear animal models. Results The three near-infrared-predicted immunoglobulin fractions were genetically correlated with their reference value. In particular, the reference and predicted IgG concentrations were strongly correlated at both the genetic (0.854 ± 0.314) and phenotypic level (0.767 ± 0.019). Weaker associations were observed for IgA and IgM concentrations, which were predicted with lower accuracy compared to IgG. Simulation analyses suggested that improving colostrum quality by selective breeding in Holstein cattle based on near-infrared predicted colostrum immunoglobulins concentrations is feasible. In addition, less than 10 mL of colostrum are needed for spectra acquisition and thus implementation of such analyses is possible in the near future. Conclusions The concentrations of colostrum immunoglobulins can be predicted from near-infrared spectra and the genetic correlation between the reference and the predicted traits is positive and favourable, in spite of the large standard errors of the estimates. Near-infrared spectroscopy can be exploited in selective breeding of dairy cattle to improve colostral immunoglobulins concentration.
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Characterization of innate immune response to Brucella melitensis infection in goats with permissive or restrictive phenotype for Brucella intramacrophagic growth. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 234:110223. [PMID: 33711712 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caprine brucellosis is a chronic, world-wide distributed disease which causes reproductive failure in goats and Brucella melitensis, its causative agent, bears a great zoonotic potential. There is evidence suggesting that some cattle and pigs have an innate ability to resist Brucella infection, but this has not yet been investigated in goats. In this study, we compared caprine macrophages that exhibit extreme restriction and permissiveness to B. melitensis' intracellular growth in vitro. Monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) from 110 female goats were cultured and challenged in vitro with B. melitensis 16 M. After initial screening, 18 donor goats were selected based on their macrophages ability to restrict or allow bacterial intracellular growth and some elements of humoral and cellular immunity were studied in depth. MDMs that were able to restrict the pathogen's intracellular growth showed enhanced bacterial internalization, although there were no differences between groups in the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates following 48 h treatment with heat-killed B. melitensis. Moreover, there were no differences between groups in the level of antibodies reacting with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (natural antibodies, NAbs) or with Brucella LPS antigens (cross-reacting antibodies, CrAbs), although a strong positive correlation between individual levels of IgM NAbs and IgM CrAbs was detected. Altogether, these results represent an initial step in understanding innate primary host response to B. melitensis, and deciphering which mechanisms may determine a successful outcome of the infection in goats.
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Chen Y, Tibbs Cortes LE, Ashley C, Putz AM, Lim KS, Dyck MK, Fortin F, Plastow GS, Dekkers JCM, Harding JCS. The genetic basis of natural antibody titers of young healthy pigs and relationships with disease resilience. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:648. [PMID: 32962629 PMCID: PMC7510148 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease resilience is the ability to maintain performance under pathogen exposure but is difficult to select for because breeding populations are raised under high health. Selection for resilience requires a trait that is heritable, easy to measure on healthy animals, and genetically correlated with resilience. Natural antibodies (NAb) are important parts of the innate immune system and are found to be heritable and associated with disease susceptibility in dairy cattle and poultry. Our objective was to investigate NAb and total IgG in blood of healthy, young pigs as potential indicator traits for disease resilience. Results Data were from Yorkshire x Landrace pigs, with IgG and IgM NAb (four antigens) and total IgG measured by ELISA in blood plasma collected ~ 1 week after weaning, prior to their exposure to a natural polymicrobial challenge. Heritability estimates were lower for IgG NAb (0.12 to 0.24, + 0.05) and for total IgG (0.19 + 0.05) than for IgM NAb (0.33 to 0.53, + 0.07) but maternal effects were larger for IgG NAb (0.41 to 0.52, + 0.03) and for total IgG (0.19 + 0.05) than for IgM NAb (0.00 to 0.10, + 0.04). Phenotypically, IgM NAb titers were moderately correlated with each other (average 0.60), as were IgG NAb titers (average 0.42), but correlations between IgM and IgG NAb titers were weak (average 0.09). Phenotypic correlations of total IgG were moderate with NAb IgG (average 0.46) but weak with NAb IgM (average 0.01). Estimates of genetic correlations among NAb showed similar patterns but with small SE, with estimates averaging 0.76 among IgG NAb, 0.63 among IgM NAb, 0.17 between IgG and IgM NAb, 0.64 between total IgG and IgG NAb, and 0.13 between total IgG and IgM NAb. Phenotypically, pigs that survived had slightly higher levels of NAb and total IgG than pigs that died. Genetically, higher levels of NAb tended to be associated with greater disease resilience based on lower mortality and fewer parenteral antibiotic treatments. Genome-wide association analyses for NAb titers identified several genomic regions, with several candidate genes for immune response. Conclusions Levels of NAb in blood of healthy young piglets are heritable and potential genetic indicators of resilience to polymicrobial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn Ashley
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Austin M Putz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kyu-Sang Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael K Dyck
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frederic Fortin
- Centre de développement du porc du Québec inc. (CDPQ), Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Reyneveld GIJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Parmentier HK. Current Understanding of Natural Antibodies and Exploring the Possibilities of Modulation Using Veterinary Models. A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2139. [PMID: 33013904 PMCID: PMC7511776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are defined as germline encoded immunoglobulins found in individuals without (known) prior antigenic experience. NAb bind exogenous (e.g., bacterial) and self-components and have been found in every vertebrate species tested. NAb likely act as a first-line immune defense against infections. A large part of NAb, so called natural autoantibodies (NAAb) bind to and clear (self) neo-epitopes, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. Such self-binding antibodies cannot, however, be considered as pathogenic autoantibodies in the classical sense. IgM and IgG NAb and NAAb and their implications in health and disease are relatively well-described in humans and mice. NAb are present in veterinary (and wildlife) species, but their relation with diseases and disorders in veterinary species are much less known. Also, there is little known of IgA NAb. IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin with essential pro-inflammatory and homeostatic properties urging for more research on the importance of IgA NAb. Since NAb in humans were indicated to fulfill important functions in health and disease, their role in health of veterinary species should be investigated more often. Furthermore, it is unknown whether levels of NAb-isotypes and/or idiotypes can and should be modulated. Veterinary species as models of choice fill in a niche between mice and (non-human) primates, and the study of NAb in veterinary species may provide valuable new insights that will likely improve health management. Below, examples of the involvement of NAb in several diseases in mostly humans are shown. Possibilities of intravenous immunoglobulin administration, targeted immunotherapy, immunization, diet, and genetic modulation are discussed, all of which could be well-studied using animal models. Arguments are given why veterinary immunology should obtain inspiration from human studies and why human immunology would benefit from veterinary models. Within the One Health concept, findings from veterinary (and wildlife) studies can be related to human studies and vice versa so that both fields will mutually benefit. This will lead to a better understanding of NAb: their origin, activation mechanisms, and their implications in health and disease, and will lead to novel health management strategies for both human and veterinary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G IJsbrand Reyneveld
- Faculty of Science, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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van Dijk KSE, Parmentier HK. Transfer of natural auto-antibodies via egg yolk in chickens divergently selected for natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103466. [PMID: 31408638 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Barcodes of natural auto-antibody (NAAb) profiles based on staining intensity of isotypes binding numbers of self-(tissue) antigen fragments were suggested as parameters for immune diversity, and related to genetic background and health status in man, rodents and poultry. Here, hens, eggs and hatchlings from chicken lines divergently selected and bred for high (H line) or low (L line) total natural antibodies (NAb) levels in plasma binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) at 16 weeks of age were tested for their NAAb repertoire binding chicken liver homogenate (CLH) fragments using quantitative Western immunoblotting. The aims of this study were 1. to detect line differences between the H and L line adult hens, eggs and hatchlings for the IgM and IgG isotypes binding CLH fragments, 2. study the presence of NAAb of both isotypes in yolk and albumen, as well as in hatchlings to detect a maternal NAAb transfer route via the egg to the hatchling, and 3. study whether new self-antigen binding isotypes and idiotypes are present in the hatchling. NAAb binding CLH fragments were found in plasma of adult hens (both IgM and IgG), in yolk (IgG only), and hatchlings (mostly IgG, but low levels of IgM). Auto-profiles of IgM showed homogeneity, while IgG profiles were heterogenic between individual hens and individual hatchlings. Significant higher levels as indicated by staining intensity and number of stained CLH fragments were found in plasma of hens genetically selected for high levels of NAb binding KLH. Lines could be clustered based on their auto-profiles indicating that profiles of self-binding IgM and IgG antibodies are genetically based. Visual comparison, clustering and correlation of hens and their hatchlings showed similarities for the IgG, but not the IgM isotype, indicating maternal transfer of IgG NAAb via the yolk. The IgM profile in the hatchlings on the other hand might represent neonatal self-binding antibody formation. As a consequence, hatchlings initially depend for self-binding antibodies on maternal IgG provision during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee S E van Dijk
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Cordero-Solorzano J, Parmentier HK, Arts JAJ, van der Poel J, de Koning DJ, Bovenhuis H. Genome-wide association study identifies loci influencing natural antibody titers in milk of Dutch Holstein-Friesian cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11092-11103. [PMID: 31548067 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are produced without any antigenic stimulation as a part of the innate immune system and provide a first line of defense against pathogens. Hence, they may be a useful trait when estimating an animal's potential immune competence and in selection for disease resistance. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with different NAb traits in milk and potentially describe candidate genes. Milk samples from 1,695 first-lactation Holstein Friesian cows with titer measurements for keyhole limpet hemocyanin, lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, and peptidoglycan-binding total NAb and isotypes IgG1, IgM, and IgA were used. Genome-wide association study analyses were performed using imputed 777K SNP genotypes, accounting for relationships using pedigree information. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on the significantly associated genomic regions to look for candidate genes. For IgM NAb, significant associations (false discovery rate <0.05) were found on Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 17, 18, and 21 with candidate genes related to immunoglobulin structure and early B cell development. For IgG1, associations were found on BTA3, and we confirmed a quantitative trait loci on BTA21 previously reported for IgG NAb in serum. Our results provide new insights into the regulation of milk NAb that will help unravel the complex relationship between milk immunoglobulins and disease resistance in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cordero-Solorzano
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Box 7023,750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Wageningen University and Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Wageningen University and Research, Adaptation Physiology Group, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joop A J Arts
- Wageningen University and Research, Adaptation Physiology Group, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Poel
- Wageningen University and Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan de Koning
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Box 7023,750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henk Bovenhuis
- Wageningen University and Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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de Klerk B, Emam M, Thompson-Crispi KA, Sargolzaei M, van der Poel JJ, Mallard BA. A genome-wide association study for natural antibodies measured in blood of Canadian Holstein cows. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:694. [PMID: 30241501 PMCID: PMC6150957 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural antibodies (NAb) are an important component of the innate immune system, and fight infections as a part of the first line defence. NAb are poly-reactive and can respond non-specifically to antigens. Therefore, NAb may be a key trait when evaluating an animal's potential natural disease resistance. Variation in NAb is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. In this study genetic parameters of NAb were estimated and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to gain further understanding on the genes that are responsible for the observed genetic variation of NAb in Canadian Holsteins. RESULTS In total, blood samples of 1327 cows from 64 farms were studied. NAb binding to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were determined via indirect ELISA. Immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, IgG and IgM, were evaluated. From the sample population, 925 cows were genotyped for 45,187 markers and each individual marker was tested to detect genetic variation in NAb levels. The relationships among animals was accounted for with genomic relationship. Results show heritabilities of 0.27 ± 0.064 (IgG) and 0.31 ± 0.065 (IgM). In total, 23 SNPs were found to be associated with IgG, but no SNPs were associated with IgM (FDR p-value < 0.05). The significant SNPs were located on autosomal chromosomes 1, 20 and 21 of the cow genome. Functional annotation analysis of the positional candidate genes revealed two sets of genes with biologically relevant functions related to NAb. In one set, seven genes with crucial roles in the production of antibody in B cells were associated with the trafficking of vesicles inside the cells between organelles. In the second set, two genes among positional candidate genes were associated with isotype class-switching and somatic hypermutation of B cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the possibility of increasing NAb through selective breeding. In addition, the effects of two candidate pathways are proposed for further investigation of NAb production in Holsteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt de Klerk
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Emam
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Genetic improvement of livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Semex Alliance, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Johan J van der Poel
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bonnie A Mallard
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Genetic improvement of livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Cakebread J, Hodgkinson A, Wallace O, Callaghan M, Hurford D, Wieliczko R, Harris P, Haigh B. Bovine milk derived skimmed milk powder and whey protein concentrate modulates Citrobacter rodentium shedding in the mouse intestinal tract. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5359. [PMID: 30065896 PMCID: PMC6065463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skimmed milk powder (SMP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) were manufactured from fresh milk collected from cows producing high or low Immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels in their milk. In addition commercial products were purchased for use as diluent or control treatments. A murine enteric disease model (Citrobacter rodentium) was used to assess whether delivery of selected bioactive molecules (IgA, IgG, Lactoferrin (Lf)) or formulation delivery matrix (SMP, WPC) affected faecal shedding of bacteria in C. rodentium infected mice. In trial one, faecal pellets collected from mice fed SMP containing IgA (0.007-0.35 mg/mL), IgG (0.28-0.58 mg/mL) and Lf (0.03-0.1 mg/mL) contained fewer C. rodentium (cfu) compared to control mice fed water (day 8, p < 0.04, analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher's unprotected least significant difference (ULSD)). In trial two, WPC containing IgA (0.35-1.66 mg/mL), IgG (0.58-2.36 mg/mL) and Lf (0.02-0.45 mg/mL) did not affect C. rodentium shedding, but SMP again reduced faecal C. rodentium levels (day 12, p < 0.04, ANOVA followed by Fisher's ULSD). No C. rodentium was detected in sham phosphate-buffered saline inoculated mice. Mice fed a commercial WPC shed significantly greater numbers of C. rodentium over 4 consecutive days (Fishers ULSD test), compared to control mice fed water. These data indicate that SMP, but not WPC, modulates faecal shedding in C. rodentium-infected mice and may impact progression of C. rodentium infection independently of selected bioactive concentration. This suggests that food matrix can impact biological effects of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cakebread
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Alison Hodgkinson
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Olivia Wallace
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Megan Callaghan
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Daralyn Hurford
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Robert Wieliczko
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Paul Harris
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brendan Haigh
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Miraka Limited, Taupo, New Zealand
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Effects of environmental enrichment and regrouping on natural autoantibodies-binding danger and neural antigens in healthy pigs with different individual characteristics. Animal 2017; 11:2019-2026. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Berghof TVL, van der Klein SAS, Arts JAJ, Parmentier HK, van der Poel JJ, Bovenhuis H. Genetic and Non-Genetic Inheritance of Natural Antibodies Binding Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin in a Purebred Layer Chicken Line. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131088. [PMID: 26114750 PMCID: PMC4482680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are defined as antibodies present in individuals without known antigenic challenge. Levels of NAb binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in chickens were earlier shown to be heritable, and to be associated with survival. Selective breeding may thus provide a strategy to improve natural disease resistance. We phenotyped 3,689 white purebred laying chickens for KLH binding NAb of different isotypes around 16 weeks of age. Heritabilities of 0.12 for the titers of total antibodies (IgT), 0.14 for IgM, 0.10 for IgA, and 0.07 for IgG were estimated. We also estimated high, positive genetic, and moderate to high, positive phenotypic correlations of IgT, IgM, IgA, and IgG, suggesting that selective breeding for NAb can be done on all antibody isotypes simultaneously. In addition, a relatively substantial non-genetic maternal environmental effect of 0.06 was detected for IgM, which may reflect a transgenerational effect. This suggests that not only the genes of the mother, but also the maternal environment affects the immune system of the offspring. Breaking strength and early eggshell whiteness of the mother's eggs were predictive for IgM levels in the offspring, and partly explained the observed maternal environmental effects. The present results confirm that NAb are heritable, however maternal effects should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. L. Berghof
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - S. A. S. van der Klein
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J. A. J. Arts
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H. K. Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J. J. van der Poel
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H. Bovenhuis
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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de Klerk B, Ducro B, Heuven H, den Uyl I, van Arendonk J, Parmentier H, van der Poel J. Phenotypic and genetic relationships of bovine natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin in plasma and milk. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2746-52. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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