Sectional anatomic and computed tomography features of the nasal and oral cavities of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Macroscopic anatomy, radiography and computed tomography of normal paranasal sinuses of the adult one-humped dromedary (Camelus dromedarius)

In order to improve the current knowledge of the topography and the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses of the one‐humped dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), we applied both conventional and advanced imaging techniques, namely, radiography and computed tomography (CT). Twelve heads of healthy dromedaries were used; eight heads were dissected to obtain skulls for the fenestration of the sinuses, two heads underwent anatomical sections, and two heads were imaged respectively by radiography and CT. Sinus fenestration allowed observation of sinuses and their communications. In each dissected dromedary's head, the frontal sinus is a large compartment delimited by thick partitions. The sphenoid sinus is divided into small compartments by bony plates. The lacrimal sinus occupies a small cavity in the rostro‐medial lacrimal bone of the orbit. In all dissected heads, there was neither palatal sinus nor ventral conchal sinus. Five images obtained by CT were selected with an excellent correspondence with the anatomical sections. These images allowed a good differentiation between bones and sinus cavities. The visualisation of the sinus cavities and their anatomical limits has better quality using the CT compared to the radiography. Radiographic and CT images are therefore very useful for the interpretation of clinical imaging studies of the dromedary's paranasal sinuses.

Computed tomography and cross-sectional anatomy of the head in the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical structures in the head region of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) using computed tomography. For this, three giant anteater corpses, adult and female, were used. The tomographic analysis was performed in sequential order in rostrocaudal direction. Subsequently, the heads of these animals were sectioned in cross sections of approximately 1.5 cm each. Tomographic images were compared with anatomical sections. The association between computed tomography and anatomical sections allowed the visualization of anatomical structures found in the nasal, oral, cranial, pharyngeal and ear cavities. An elongated oral cavity delimited by the elongated mandible was observed. The oral cavity was mainly occupied by a thin and elongated tongue formed mainly by the union of the sternoglossal muscles. The nasopharynx and oropharynx extended up to the neck at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. The findings of this study suggest that the giant anteater has a head with structures morphologically adapted to its feeding habits, such as an elongated skull, tongue, styloid bones and mandible. In addition, based on the results of this study, it is possible to suggest that computed tomography is a pivotal tool for the veterinary routine of wild animals, since it allowed the identification of anatomical structures found in the head of the giant anteater.

Description of normal head structures of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) by magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cross-sectional anatomy

Aim:

This study was designed for the 1^st time to describe the normal head structures of one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) using both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) as well as cross-sectional anatomy.

Materials and Methods:

Five fresh cadaver heads were collected from clinically normal camels and then subjected to T1-weighted MR and CT imaging. Afterward, these examined heads were transversely sliced to obtain seven crossing levels.

Results:

The obtained structures per each crossing level were matched with their relevant sorted images of T1-weighted MRI and CT, then identified and labeled accordingly.

Conclusion:

The data shown herein expand our knowledge of the normal head structures of the camel and could be used as a reference for ultimate diagnosis of the surgical affections of head using MRI and/or CT.

Anatomical description of the head in Ossimi Sheep: Sectional anatomy and Computed Tomographic approach

The objective of present investigation was to explore the morphology of the head in Ossimi sheep. Here, the nasal, paranasal sinuses, oral, orbital, cranial, auricular and pharyngeal cavities were examined by the computed tomography images interpreted by the anatomical sections. Also, three-dimensional CT of the head was reconstructed. The Ossimi sheep was shown to possess long, double scroll dorsal and ventral nasal conchae that occupy the nasal cavity rostrally, while its caudal part possessed five small ethmoidal triangular nasal projections, the largest one was the middle nasal concha and the others contained the ethmoidal sinus. The dorsal and middle nasal meatuses were narrow and the ventral meatus was wide and lead directly to the choanae. The nasal septum failed to reach the floor at the caudal part of the nasal cavity thus forming a single channel that continued to the nasopharynx. The vomeronasal organ extended throughout the length of the nasal cavity from the incisive duct caudal to the dental pad to the level of the 3^rd upper cheek tooth. The paranasal sinuses identified were the frontal, maxillary, lacrimal, palatine and ethmoidal sinuses. The study recorded the absence of the sphenoid sinus and small palatine sinus in sheep different from that in other ruminants. The obtained results may be useful as a basic anatomical reference for the surgeons and pathologists.