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Zhao Y, Xiong W, Li C, Zhao R, Lu H, Song S, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Shi B, Ge J. Hypoxia-induced signaling in the cardiovascular system: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:431. [PMID: 37981648 PMCID: PMC10658171 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From the research history and milestone events related to hypoxia in cardiovascular development and diseases, The "hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) switch" can be observed from both temporal and spatial perspectives, encompassing the occurrence and progression of hypoxia (gradual decline in oxygen concentration), the acute and chronic manifestations of hypoxia, and the geographical characteristics of hypoxia (natural selection at high altitudes). Furthermore, hypoxia signaling pathways are associated with natural rhythms, such as diurnal and hibernation processes. In addition to innate factors and natural selection, it has been found that epigenetics, as a postnatal factor, profoundly influences the hypoxic response and progression within the cardiovascular system. Within this intricate process, interactions between different tissues and organs within the cardiovascular system and other systems in the context of hypoxia signaling pathways have been established. Thus, it is the time to summarize and to construct a multi-level regulatory framework of hypoxia signaling and mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases for developing more therapeutic targets and make reasonable advancements in clinical research, including FDA-approved drugs and ongoing clinical trials, to guide future clinical practice in the field of hypoxia signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaofu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ranzun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Sharma V, Varshney R, Sethy NK. Human adaptation to high altitude: a review of convergence between genomic and proteomic signatures. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:21. [PMID: 35841113 PMCID: PMC9287971 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genomics- and proteomics-based investigations have identified several essential genes, proteins, and pathways that may facilitate human adaptive genotype/phenotype in a population-specific manner. This comprehensive review provides an up-to-date list of genes and proteins identified for human adaptive responses to high altitudes. Genomics studies for indigenous high-altitude populations like Tibetans, Andeans, Ethiopians, and Sherpas have identified 169 genes under positive natural selection. Similarly, global proteomics studies have identified 258 proteins (± 1.2-fold or more) for Tibetan, Sherpa, and Ladakhi highlanders. The primary biological processes identified for genetic signatures include hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated oxygen sensing, angiogenesis, and erythropoiesis. In contrast, major biological processes identified for proteomics signatures include 14–3-3 mediated sirtuin signaling, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), and integrin signaling. Comparing genetic and protein signatures, we identified 7 common genes/proteins (HBB/hemoglobin subunit beta, TF/serotransferrin, ANGPTL4/angiopoietin-related protein 4, CDC42/cell division control protein 42 homolog, GC/vitamin D-binding protein, IGFBP1/insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, and IGFBP2/insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2) involved in crucial molecular functions like IGF-1 signaling, LXR/RXR activation, ferroptosis signaling, iron homeostasis signaling and regulation of cell cycle. Our combined multi-omics analysis identifies common molecular targets and pathways for human adaptation to high altitude. These observations further corroborate convergent positive selection of hypoxia-responsive molecular pathways in humans and advocate using multi-omics techniques for deciphering human adaptive responses to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Villafuerte FC, Simonson TS, Bermudez D, León-Velarde F. High-Altitude Erythrocytosis: Mechanisms of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35001654 PMCID: PMC9191173 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00029.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytosis, or increased production of red blood cells, is one of the most well-documented physiological traits that varies within and among in high-altitude populations. Although a modest increase in blood O2-carrying capacity may be beneficial for life in highland environments, erythrocytosis can also become excessive and lead to maladaptive syndromes such as chronic mountain sickness (CMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C. Villafuerte
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- 2Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniela Bermudez
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Fabiola León-Velarde
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada/Laboratorio de Fisiología del Transporte de Oxígeno, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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4
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Ma J, Zhang T, Wang W, Chen Y, Cai W, Zhu B, Xu L, Gao H, Zhang L, Li J, Gao X. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Gayal (Bos frontalis), Yak (Bos grunniens), and Cattle (Bos taurus) Reveal the High-Altitude Adaptation. Front Genet 2022; 12:778788. [PMID: 35087567 PMCID: PMC8789257 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.778788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gayal and yak are well adapted to their local high-altitude environments, yet the transcriptional regulation difference of the plateau environment among them remains obscure. Herein, cross-tissue and cross-species comparative transcriptome analyses were performed for the six hypoxia-sensitive tissues from gayal, yak, and cattle. Gene expression profiles for all single-copy orthologous genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns. By differential expression analysis, we identified 3,020 and 1,995 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in at least one tissue of gayal vs. cattle and yak vs. cattle, respectively. Notably, we found that the adaptability of the gayal to the alpine canyon environment is highly similar to the yak living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, such as promoting red blood cell development, angiogenesis, reducing blood coagulation, immune system activation, and energy metabolism shifts from fatty acid β-oxidation to glycolysis. By further analyzing the common and unique DEGs in the six tissues, we also found that numerous expressed regulatory genes related to these functions are unique in the gayal and yak, which may play important roles in adapting to the corresponding high-altitude environment. Combined with WGCNA analysis, we found that UQCRC1 and COX5A are the shared differentially expressed hub genes related to the energy supply of myocardial contraction in the heart-related modules of gayal and yak, and CAPS is a shared differential hub gene among the hub genes of the lung-related module, which is related to pulmonary artery smooth muscle contraction. Additionally, EDN3 is the unique differentially expressed hub gene related to the tracheal epithelium and pulmonary vasoconstriction in the lung of gayal. CHRM2 is a unique differentially expressed hub gene that was identified in the heart of yak, which has an important role in the autonomous regulation of the heart. These results provide a basis for further understanding the complex transcriptome expression pattern and the regulatory mechanism of high-altitude domestication of gayal and yak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junya Li
- *Correspondence: Junya Li, ; Xue Gao,
| | - Xue Gao
- *Correspondence: Junya Li, ; Xue Gao,
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5
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Keeling RF, Powell FL, Shaffer G, Robbins PA, Simonson TS. Impacts of Changes in Atmospheric O 2 on Human Physiology. Is There a Basis for Concern? Front Physiol 2021; 12:571137. [PMID: 33737880 PMCID: PMC7960674 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.571137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Concern is often voiced over the ongoing loss of atmospheric O2. This loss, which is caused by fossil-fuel burning but also influenced by other processes, is likely to continue at least for the next few centuries. We argue that this loss is quite well understood, and the eventual decrease is bounded by the fossil-fuel resource base. Because the atmospheric O2 reservoir is so large, the predicted relative drop in O2 is very small even for extreme scenarios of future fossil-fuel usage which produce increases in atmospheric CO2 sufficient to cause catastrophic climate changes. At sea level, the ultimate drop in oxygen partial pressure will be less than 2.5 mm Hg out of a baseline of 159 mmHg. The drop by year 2300 is likely to be between 0.5 and 1.3 mmHg. The implications for normal human health is negligible because respiratory O2 consumption in healthy individuals is only weakly dependent on ambient partial pressure, especially at sea level. The impacts on top athlete performance, on disease, on reproduction, and on cognition, will also be very small. For people living at higher elevations, the implications of this loss will be even smaller, because of a counteracting increase in barometric pressure at higher elevations due to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph F Keeling
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Frank L Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gary Shaffer
- GAIA Antarctic Research Center, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter A Robbins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tatum S Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Tana W, Noryung T, Burton GJ, van Patot MT, Ri-Li G. Protective Effects from the Ischemic/Hypoxic Stress Induced by Labor in the High-Altitude Tibetan Placenta. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:659-664. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Effect of EGLN1 Genetic Polymorphisms on Hemoglobin Concentration in Andean Highlanders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3436581. [PMID: 33282944 PMCID: PMC7686849 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3436581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The physiological characteristics of Andean natives living at high altitudes have been investigated extensively, with many studies reporting that Andean highlanders have a higher hemoglobin (Hb) concentration than other highlander populations. It has previously been reported that positive natural selection has acted independently on the egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 (EGLN1) gene in Tibetan and Andean highlanders and is related to Hb concentration in Tibetans. However, no study has yet revealed the genetic determinants of Hb concentration in Andeans even though several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in EGLN1 have previously been examined. Therefore, we explored the relationship between hematological measurements and tag SNPs designed to cover the whole EGLN1 genomic region in Andean highlanders living in Bolivia. Our findings indicated that haplotype frequencies estimated from the EGLN1 SNPs were significantly correlated with Hb concentration in the Bolivian highlanders. Moreover, we found that an Andean-dominant haplotype related to high Hb level may have expanded rapidly in ancestral Andean highlander populations. Analysis of genotype data in an ~436.3 kb genomic region containing EGLN1 using public databases indicated that the population structure based on EGLN1 genetic markers in Andean highlanders was largely different from that in other human populations. This finding may be related to an intrinsic or adaptive physiological characteristic of Andean highlanders. In conclusion, the high Hb concentrations in Andean highlanders can be partly characterized by EGLN1 genetic variants.
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Chanana N, Palmo T, Newman JH, Pasha MAQ. Vascular homeostasis at high-altitude: role of genetic variants and transcription factors. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020913475. [PMID: 33282179 PMCID: PMC7682230 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020913475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude pulmonary edema occurs most frequently in non-acclimatized low landers on exposure to altitude ≥2500 m. High-altitude pulmonary edema is a complex condition that involves perturbation of signaling pathways in vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, anti-diuretics, and vascular growth factors. Genetic variations are instrumental in regulating these pathways and evidence is accumulating for a role of epigenetic modification in hypoxic responses. This review focuses on the crosstalk between high-altitude pulmonary edema-associated genetic variants and transcription factors, comparing high-altitude adapted and high-altitude pulmonary edema-afflicted subjects. This approach might ultimately yield biomarker information both to understand and to design therapies for high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chanana
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Tsering Palmo
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - John H Newman
- Pulmonary Circulation Center, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M A Qadar Pasha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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9
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Talaminos-Barroso A, Roa-Romero LM, Ortega-Ruiz F, Cejudo-Ramos P, Márquez-Martín E, Reina-Tosina J. Effects of genetics and altitude on lung function. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2020; 15:247-256. [PMID: 33112470 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work is to present a review on the impact of genetics and altitude on lung function from classic and recent studies. DATA SOURCE A systematic search has been carried out in different databases of scientific studies, using keywords related to lung volumes, spirometry, altitude and genetics. RESULTS The results of this work have been structured into three parts. First, the relationship between genes and lung function. Next, a review of the genetic predispositions related to respiratory adaptation of people who inhabit high-altitude regions for millennia. Finally, temporary effects and long-term acclimatisation on respiratory physiology at high altitude are presented. CONCLUSIONS The works focused on the influence of genetics and altitude on lung function are currently of interest in terms of studying the interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in the configuration of the pathophysiological adaptation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Ortega-Ruiz
- Medical-Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Networking Center on Biomedical Research, Area of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cejudo-Ramos
- Medical-Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain.,Spanish Networking Center on Biomedical Research, Area of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Márquez-Martín
- Medical-Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
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Pamenter ME, Hall JE, Tanabe Y, Simonson TS. Cross-Species Insights Into Genomic Adaptations to Hypoxia. Front Genet 2020; 11:743. [PMID: 32849780 PMCID: PMC7387696 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over millions of years, vertebrate species populated vast environments spanning the globe. Among the most challenging habitats encountered were those with limited availability of oxygen, yet many animal and human populations inhabit and perform life cycle functions and/or daily activities in varying degrees of hypoxia today. Of particular interest are species that inhabit high-altitude niches, which experience chronic hypobaric hypoxia throughout their lives. Physiological and molecular aspects of adaptation to hypoxia have long been the focus of high-altitude populations and, within the past decade, genomic information has become increasingly accessible. These data provide an opportunity to search for common genetic signatures of selection across uniquely informative populations and thereby augment our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptations to hypoxia. In this review, we synthesize the available genomic findings across hypoxia-tolerant species to provide a comprehensive view of putatively hypoxia-adaptive genes and pathways. In many cases, adaptive signatures across species converge on the same genetic pathways or on genes themselves [i.e., the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway). However, specific variants thought to underlie function are distinct between species and populations, and, in most cases, the precise functional role of these genomic differences remains unknown. Efforts to standardize these findings and explore relationships between genotype and phenotype will provide important clues into the evolutionary and mechanistic bases of physiological adaptations to environmental hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yuuka Tanabe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Hall JE, Lawrence ES, Simonson TS, Fox K. Seq-ing Higher Ground: Functional Investigation of Adaptive Variation Associated With High-Altitude Adaptation. Front Genet 2020; 11:471. [PMID: 32528523 PMCID: PMC7247851 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human populations at high altitude exhibit both unique physiological responses and strong genetic signatures of selection thought to compensate for the decreased availability of oxygen in each breath of air. With the increased availability of genomic information from Tibetans, Andeans, and Ethiopians, much progress has been made to elucidate genetic adaptations to chronic hypoxia that have occurred throughout hundreds of generations in these populations. In this perspectives piece, we discuss specific hypoxia-pathway variants that have been identified in high-altitude populations and methods for functional investigation, which may be used to determine the underlying causal factors that afford adaptation to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elijah S. Lawrence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Keolu Fox
- Department of Anthropology and Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Genetic Analysis of EGLN1 C127S Variant in Taiwanese Parkinson’s Disease. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2020; 2020:9582317. [PMID: 32377332 PMCID: PMC7196998 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9582317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder related to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron degeneration and iron accumulation. As a cellular oxygen sensor, prolyl hydroxylase domain containing protein 2 (PHD2, encoded by egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1, EGLN1) modifies hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-α) protein for proteasomal destruction under normoxic condition. In addition, 2-oxoglutarate- (OG-) dependent dioxygenase activity of PHD2 is involved in the oxygen and iron regulation of iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (IRP2) stability. Previously increased expression of EGLN1 was found in the substantia nigra of the parkinsonian brain. We investigated the possible role of c.380 G > C (p.C127S) of EGLN1 gene in Taiwanese patients with PD. 479 patients and 435 healthy controls were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction and BsmAI restriction enzyme analysis were applied for analysis. An association between CC genotype and reduced PD risk in the recessive model (CC vs. GG + GC) was found. Our study provides a link between EGLN1 c.380 G > C SNP and the development of PD.
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14
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Bermudez D, Azad P, Figueroa-Mujíca R, Vizcardo-Galindo G, Corante N, Guerra-Giraldez C, Haddad GG, Villafuerte FC. Increased hypoxic proliferative response and gene expression in erythroid progenitor cells of Andean highlanders with chronic mountain sickness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R49-R56. [PMID: 31617751 PMCID: PMC6985794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00250.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is the main sign of chronic mountain sickness (CMS), a maladaptive clinical syndrome prevalent in Andean and other high-altitude populations worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanism of EE is still controversial, as physiological variability of systemic respiratory, cardiovascular, and hormonal responses to chronic hypoxemia complicates the identification of underlying causes. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from CMS highlanders showed increased expression of genes relevant to the regulation of erythropoiesis, angiogenesis, cardiovascular, and steroid-hormone function that appear to explain the exaggerated erythropoietic response. However, the cellular response to hypoxia in native CMS cells is yet unknown. This study had three related aims: to determine the hypoxic proliferation of native erythroid progenitor burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) cells derived from CMS and non-CMS peripheral blood mononuclear cells; to examine their sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1), GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1), erythropoietin (EPO), and EPO receptor (EPOR) expression; and to investigate the functional upstream role of SENP1 in native progenitor differentiation into erythroid precursors. Native CMS BFU-E colonies showed increased proliferation under hypoxic conditions compared with non-CMS cells, together with an upregulated expression of SENP1, GATA1, EPOR; and no difference in EPO expression. Knock-down of the SENP1 gene abolished the augmented proliferative response. Thus, we demonstrate that native CMS progenitor cells produce a larger proportion of erythroid precursors under hypoxia and that SENP1 is essential for proliferation. Our findings suggest a significant intrinsic component for developing EE in CMS highlanders at the cellular and gene expression level that could be further enhanced by systemic factors such as alterations in respiratory control, or differential hormonal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Priti Azad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rómulo Figueroa-Mujíca
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gustavo Vizcardo-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Noemí Corante
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Cristina Guerra-Giraldez
- Laboratorio de Inflamación Cerebral, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura (IIA), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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15
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Rood K, Lopez V, La Frano MR, Fiehn O, Zhang L, Blood AB, Wilson SM. Gestational Hypoxia and Programing of Lung Metabolism. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1453. [PMID: 31849704 PMCID: PMC6895135 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational hypoxia is a risk factor in the development of pulmonary hypertension in the newborn and other sequela, however, the mechanisms associated with the disease remain poorly understood. This review highlights disruption of metabolism by antenatal high altitude hypoxia and the impact this has on pulmonary hypertension in the newborn with discussion of model organisms and human populations. There is particular emphasis on modifications in glucose and lipid metabolism along with alterations in mitochondrial function. Additional focus is placed on increases in oxidative stress and the progression of pulmonary vascular disease in the newborn and on the need for further exploration using a combination of contemporary and classical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiana Rood
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Lopez
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States.,Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Sean M Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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16
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Sleep Disordered Breathing at High Altitude in Adults and Its Interaction with Cardiovascular Homeostasis. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-019-00138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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