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Chew STH, Nguyen HTT, Joshi S, Kamaruzzaman SB, Landi F, Manuel MV, Moral PG, Muangpaisan W, Nangia V, Setiati S, Yoshimura Y, Yu S, Maier AB. The rising tsunami of poor muscle health and sarcopenia in Asia-Pacific: Time for focused attention and targeted interventions. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 117:105275. [PMID: 37988852 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T H Chew
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore
| | | | - Shashank Joshi
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maria Victoria Manuel
- St. Luke's Medical Center-Quezon City, Quezon City, Philippines; St. Luke's Medical Center-Global City, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Patrick Gerard Moral
- Center for Respiratory Medicine, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Weerasak Muangpaisan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vivek Nangia
- Medanta Institute of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Gurugram, India
| | - Siti Setiati
- Geriatric Division, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshimura
- Center for Sarcopenia and Nutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Solomon Yu
- Aged and Extended Care Services (AECS), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (GTRAC) Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Thornton M, Sim M, Kennedy MA, Blodgett K, Joseph R, Pojednic R. Nutrition Interventions on Muscle-Related Components of Sarcopenia in Females: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:38-52. [PMID: 38043101 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disease categorized by low muscle strength, muscle quantity or quality, and physical performance. Sarcopenia etiology is multifaceted, and while resistance training is widely agreed upon for prevention and treatment, disease progression is also highly related to poor diet. The incidence of sarcopenia appears sex-specific and may be increased in females, which is problematic because dietary quality is often altered later in life, particularly after menopause. Identifying effective nutrition or supplementation interventions could be an important strategy to delay sarcopenia and related comorbidities in this vulnerable population. This systematic review examined randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nutrition strategies on muscle-related components of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older females. A protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42022382943) and a systematic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. RCTs from 2013 to 2023 that assessed nutrition-only interventions on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in female participants were included. Fourteen RCTs were included based on selection criteria. Study designs and interventions were heterogeneous in supplementation type and amount, age, and duration. Six RCTs reported beneficial effects of protein, Vitamin D, Vitamin D and Magnesium (Mg), and fish oil on muscle protein synthesis, muscle strength, and/or muscle function. Eight studies that examined various protein interventions, VitD alone, Mg alone, and dairy derivatives did not demonstrate any effect. Exercise appeared to modulate results in several studies. Nutrition interventions alone are likely to have a limited but positive effect on muscle-related components of sarcopenia in females. Current evidence suggests that a combination of dietary intervention and exercise is likely to be key to preventing and treating sarcopenia in middle aged and older females and there is a need for well-designed nutrition based studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Thornton
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
| | - Marc Sim
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mary A Kennedy
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kylie Blodgett
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA
| | - Richard Joseph
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachele Pojednic
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA.
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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Zanker J, Scott D, Szoeke C, Vogrin S, Patel S, Blackwell T, Bird S, Kirk B, Center J, Alajlouni DA, Gill T, Jones G, Pasco JA, Waters DL, Cawthon PM, Duque G. Predicting Slow Walking Speed From a Pooled Cohort Analysis: Sarcopenia Definitions, Agreement, and Prevalence in Australia and New Zealand. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2415-2425. [PMID: 37428864 PMCID: PMC10692428 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent operational definitions of sarcopenia have not been replicated and compared in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) populations. We aimed to identify sarcopenia measures that discriminate ANZ adults with slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s) and determine the agreement between the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) and revised European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) operational definitions of sarcopenia. METHODS Eight studies comprising 8 100 ANZ community-dwelling adults (mean age ± standard deviation, 62.0 ± 14.4 years) with walking speed, grip strength (GR), and lean mass data were combined. Replicating the SDOC methodology, 15 candidate variables were included in sex-stratified classification and regression tree models and receiver operating characteristic curves on a pooled cohort with complete data to identify variables and cut points discriminating slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s). Agreement and prevalence estimates were compared using Cohen's Kappa (CK). RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic curves identified GR as the strongest variable for discriminating slow from normal walking speed in women (GR <20.50 kg, area under curve [AUC] = 0.68) and men (GR <31.05 kg, AUC = 0.64). Near-perfect agreement was found between the derived ANZ cut points and SDOC cut points (CK 0.8-1.0). Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 1.5% (EWGSOP2) to 37.2% (SDOC) in women and 1.0% (EWGSOP2) to 9.1% (SDOC) in men, with no agreement (CK <0.2) between EWGSOP2 and SDOC. CONCLUSIONS Grip strength is the primary discriminating characteristic for slow walking speed in ANZ women and men, consistent with findings from the SDOC. Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium and EWGSOP2 definitions showed no agreement suggesting these proposed definitions measure different characteristics and identify people with sarcopenia differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Zanker
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Szoeke
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena Patel
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terri Blackwell
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stefanie Bird
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Kirk
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Center
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dima A Alajlouni
- Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiffany Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- IMPACT-Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon HealthDeakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debra L Waters
- Department of Medicine, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Schütze K, Schopp M, Fairchild TJ, Needham M. Old muscle, new tricks: a clinician perspective on sarcopenia and where to next. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:441-449. [PMID: 37501556 PMCID: PMC10487352 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review offers a contemporary clinical approach to the recognition, prevention and management of sarcopenia, and discusses recent clinically relevant advances in the aetiopathogenesis of muscle ageing that may lead to future therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS The key recent directions for sarcopenia are in the diagnosis, understanding molecular mechanisms and management. Regarding the recognition of the condition, it has become increasingly clear that different definitions hamper progress in understanding. Therefore, the Global Leadership in Sarcopenia has been established in 2022 to develop a universally accepted definition. Moreover, substantial work is occurring to understand the various roles and contribution of inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation on skeletal muscle function and ageing. Finally, the role of resistance-based exercise regimes has been continually emphasised. However, the role of protein supplementation and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are still under debate, and current clinical trials are underway. SUMMARY With the global ageing of our population, there is increasing emphasis on maintaining good health. Maintenance of skeletal muscle strength and function are key to preventing frailty, morbidity and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Schütze
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle
| | - Madeline Schopp
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle
| | - Timothy J. Fairchild
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Innovative Therapeutics
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University
| | - Merrilee Needham
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Innovative Therapeutics
- Perron Institute of Neurological and Translational Sciences, Nedlands
- Department of Neurology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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